Abstract

An estimated 12.6 million people died due to living or working in an unhealthy environment in

2012 – nearly 1 in 4 of total global deaths, according to new estimates from WHO.

Environmental risk factors, such as air, water, and soil pollution, chemical exposures, climate

change, and ultraviolet radiation, contribute to more than 100 diseases and injuries. (WHO

March 15. 2016) The report uncovers that environmental hazards significantly affect young and

older people, with children under five and adults aged 50 to 75 most impacted. Yearly, the deaths

of 1.7 million children under 5 and 4.9 million adults aged 50 to 75 could be prevented through

better environmental management. (WHO March 15, 2016). A healthy environment underpins a

healthy population," says Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. "If countries do not act to

make healthy environments where people live and work, millions will continue to become ill and

die too young. Access to safe Sanitation is a growing challenge in informal settlements where

over 65.0% of the residents have inadequate Sanitation (UN-Habitat 2014), and this has been

identified as one of the most significant social issues (DWS 2014). The surroundings are the total

residence and non-living Environment of any organism that wishes for presence and

sustainability. The usage of the Environment per time has a tremendous consequence on the

biotic and abiotic components of the Environment, hence crucial for fitness and human living. If

the Environment is unhealthy, the total lot in the setting poses a hazard. (Orisakwe O.E. second

ed. Elsevier Inc.; 2019. Nigeria: Environmental Health Concerns. October 2017).

Environmental Sanitation enhances the fitness of the Community and its character by minimizing

human contact with waste hazards. However, waste administration is becoming problematic with

the population explosion and more prominent developmental activities. This state of affairs is

mounting severe health problems, which may additionally desire to be prevented via accelerated
hygiene practices and sanitation requirements. (ONYEAGOLU, K. I. (2015). EFFECTS OF

POOR ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION IN NIGERIA. NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH

PROMOTION. This paper exemplifies the lookup results in the Whein's town community. It

describes the environmental consequences of unfavorable Sanitation on Public fitness and the

Environment. The assistance of liquid wastes, regular waste disposal techniques, insufficient

sanitation installations, and hazardous water supply systems characterizes impoverished

Sanitation. The intent has been to strike upon out; the environmental consequences of horrific

Sanitation on the Environment, possible environmental contaminants, matters to do in the when

town community, and sanitation facilities' practical. Fulfilling the purposes mentioned above

would result in specifying better ways of improving Sanitation in Whein's town comm,

increasing awareness to people about keeping good hygiene, helping other researchers in the

same field, and providing essential information to Whein's town authorities to enable them to

make better framework and planning.

The methods used in data collection included questionnaires, interview guides for key informants

and focus groups, and observation checklists for only the researcher. These were used to extract

meaningful proficiency. Cases of poor Sanitation resulted from uncontrolled waste disposal in

public places, fewer latrines, limited funds for waste management, and a lack of awareness

among the people. It should be noted that Sanitation, public health, and the Environment are

related. Presently, the elevated infection in Whein's town is malaria at 57.03% since stagnant

wastewater and solid wastes dumped in open sites foster mosquito niches. Therefore, there is a

need to motivate the public to partake in the proper handling of waste and hygiene norms, more

hygiene awareness campaigns by the authorities, procurement of more funds and solid waste
disposal facilities, making wastewater inventory programs, and strengthening laws implementing

Government laws and policies responsible for preventing the people and the Environment.

Chapter one

1.0 Introduction

This research work constitutes the background of the study, problem declaration, research

queries, general purposes, and specific objectives. It also includes the delimitation, constraint,

definition of crucial wording, essence of the study, and organization of the studies.

1.1 Background

Sanitation is access to facilities to safely dispose of human waste (feces and urine) and maintain

hygienic conditions through services such as garbage collection, industrial/hazardous waste

management, and wastewater treatment and disposal. (Sanitation & Hygiene Home | Global

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene | Healthy Water | CDC, n.d.) Poor Sanitation significantly

impacts both adult and child health, including death (Fink et  al. 2011). The effect of inadequate

Sanitation on grown-up and younger health does not come from contaminated water sources

alone. They are often caused by poor waste management and the lack of safe drinking water

facilities (Brown et al.., 2013). It includes physical infrastructure, good water supply plants,

hygiene behavior, etc.

During the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1992, TJNCED convention), issues of

Public and Environmental health related to Municipal wastes management and proper Sanitation

Standards featured prominently among the other environmental problems to be given serious

Consideration. It realized that man's activities were the leading causes of ill health and poor

sanitation, environmental degradation, and destruction of the Environment through unsound

Waste management practices. The results of meeting the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) on the survey of how many people will have access to safe drinking water and

sanitation facilities by 2015 have been delayed. One of the many reasons for the delay in this

survey was the inability of policymakers and the general public not to understand the

significance of improved Sanitation fully. (WHO, 2010). Poor Sanitation poses threats to the

health of humans and the Environment.

for urban Authorities in developing countries to work in partnership with urban communities and

All stakeholders involved in solid /liquid waste generation and management, including Non-

Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community-based organizations (CBOs). These

findings show the importance of safe drinking water, sanitary condition, and proper hygiene for

the growth and improvement of 'the child's health. (United Nations, 2015). Improved Sanitation

has been shown to impact people's health and economy significantly. The results of meeting the

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) on the survey of how many people will have access to

safe drinking water and sanitation facilities by 2015 have been delayed. One of the many reasons

for the delay in this survey was the inability of policymakers and the general public not to

understand the significance of improved Sanitation fully. (WHO, 2010). Poor Sanitation poses

threats to the health of humans and the Environment. Environmental factors influence human

wellbeings; therefore, it is vital to understand

And control people's interactions with the Environment—sanitation status in Liberia is

characterized by poor disposal facilities in homes and institutions. Liberia has been considered

one of Africa's poorest countries, accounting for 1.3 million people living in Monrovia who do

not have adequate sanitation facilities, which poses a severe health risk to the health of residents.

The current waste management service coverage has proven to be less than 20%, and waste

disposal is done by uncontrollable open dumping. The primary cause of death and disease in

Whein Town is malaria due to poor Sanitation (emphasizing the Whein Town sanitary Landfill

site). The problem not only threatens people's health and lives but also causes deteriorating poor

environmental health and unsanitary conditions that may result from the air that comes from the

foul mood from the waste site. The whein town landfill site receives most of the waste generated

from Liberia and its environs. In Liberia, the responsibility for solid waste management lies with

the local government (Monrovia city cooperation (MCC) and the Paynesville city cooperation

(However, as. As per dialogue with the community dwellers, they spend more money on getting

sacs of water to drink and disinfectants for their bathing water due to the underground water

pollution of the landfill site. Considering the effect of poor Sanitation, the researcher wants to

link this investigation to performed on the environmental impact of poor Sanitation on the

Environment within the whein town community.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Public health and Environmental health have been adversely affected by poor Sanitation,

characterized by liquid and solid waste disposal, and a lack of adequate sanitation facilities like

Good latrines and clean water supply systems. People near waste dumping sites

(Landfills) and others who use contaminated water have suffered from diseases such as cholera.

The problem not only threatens the health and lives of people but also causes the deterioration of
poor

Environment and unsanitary conditions that may result from foul air which comes from

The dumping sites sometimes cause the death of aquatic creatures due to the presence of

Excessive water pollutants. (UEPF, 1995) This challenge needs action from the government,

other partners in health, and community dwellers. So that reliable waste strategies and facilities

are established.

1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION(S)

1. How many of whein town dwellers have access to restrooms, safe water and

Proper housing facilities?

2. What are the environmental effects associated with the whein town community?

3. What methods can be implemented to mitigate the environmental effects of poor

Sanitation on the inhabitants of whein town?

1.3.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

The overall objective of the study was to find out the environmental effects of Poor Sanitation on

the Environment within the whein town community

1.3.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

1. To identify the environmental contamination of the whein town community.

2. To find out the element liable for poor Sanitation in whein town, and the effects

f environmental impurities on the peoples' health and the Environment.

3. To find out the challenges facing Water availability and conditions.

1.4 Delimitation

The researcher will be able to have access to the research setting and will also have some

resources available to conduct the research.

1.5 Limitation

This research study will be timely and cost-constrained; the researcher will not have all the

necessary resources to conduct the research.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDIES

 This research study aimed to find out how to improve the best sanitation standards in the

whein town community. Through practices such as proper dung and solid waste disposal,

provision of adequate Sanitation facilities to people, and awareness creation in the Public

arena, especially of the dangers of poor waste disposal and water source contaminations.

The research will be of great importance to the academicians in related fields of

Environmental protection, disease and vector control, and reduction of disease epidemics,

and can even provide a basis for future Researchers. Furthermore, the local authorities,

Community, and community dwellers, in their respective capabilities, would find the

outcomes of this study helpful. They would therefore use them as a basis for proper urban

planning of infrastructures, landfill sites, re-organization of settlement patterns, and

implementation of sound environmental management strategies.

1.7 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

1 Environment- the surrounding or the natural world(ecosystem)

2. Environmental contaminants: - Are materials or substances that alter or bring about changes

In environmental quality once they are exposed to the Environment.

3. Landfill: - Is a land disposal site for solid wastes after they have been collected and the

The process involves using a disposal mechanism that uses vehicles to dispose of and compact

the Wastes covered with a layer of soil to form various layers until the depression is full.

4. Safe water: - Defined as good quality water suitable for human consumption.

5. Sanitation: - Refers to the principles and practices relating to the hygiene of individuals
6 Poor Sanitation refers to a lack of access to clean drinking water and unsafe disposal of

human waste.

8. Wastes: - Are materials or substances that appear as by-products of human activity or those

materials that cannot be used again

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This thesis comprises three (3) chapters: Chapter 1, chapter 2, and Chapter 3. Chapter 1 consists

of the introduction, background, problem statement, research questions, general objectives,

specific objectives, delimitation, limitation, the study's significance, and study organization.

Chapter 2 consists of the literature review. Finally, chapter 3 consists of the research

methodology, research design description, population size/Sample size, data collection

instrument setup, data analysis, hypothesis, and variables.