HOW THESE PICTURES

REALTED TO HUMAN BODY?

ACTIVITY 1
• SIT STILL AND PLACE YOUR INDEX AND MIDDLE
FINGER ON YOUR WRIST OR ON YOUR NECK BENEATH
THE JAWBONE.
• COUNT YOUR PULSE FOR 60 SEC.
• JOG IN PLACE FOR 30 SEC.
• TAKE YOUR PULSE AGAIN.
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN YOUR PULSE
WHEN YOU ARE AT REST AND WHEN YOU JOG?
The Circulatory System AKA
Cardiovascular System
Function of the Circulatory System
• Circulate blood throughout entire body for
• Transport of oxygen to cells
• Transport of CO2 away from cells
• Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells
• Movement of immune system components (cells,
antibodies)
• Transport of endocrine gland secretions
The main organs and their functions
• Heart is the pump
• Arteries and veins are main tubes (plumbing)
• Arteries Away from Heart
• Veins to Heart
• Capillaries is where diffusion happens (oxygen, CO2,
and glucose diffuse in or out of blood)
• Blood – transports material to every cell of the body
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts parts.

Lungs

the left side of the right side of

the system the system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells
 The Heart

This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.

blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.

2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

 The Heart

Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body

Vein from Head and Body

Vein from Lungs

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

valve valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY
 The ARTERY
Arteries have strong, muscular walls to carry blood away
from the heart.

the elastic fibres allow

the artery to stretch
under pressure

thick muscle and

the thick muscle can
elastic fibres
contract to push the
blood along.
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.

veins have valves

which act to stop the
blood from going in
the wrong direction.

thin muscle and

elastic fibres body muscles surround the veins
so that when they contract to
move the body, they also squeeze
the veins and push the blood along
the vessel.
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

they exchange materials

between the blood and
other body cells.

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
body can only occur through
capillaries.
 what’s in
digested food
red blood cells white blood cells

oxygen waste (urea)

carbon dioxide platelets

plasma hormones
http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html
What makes up our blood?
• RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) – The most abundant
cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and
contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our
cells.
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) – They are part of the
immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens.
• PLASMA – This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that
contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting
factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection.
• PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) – The clotting factors that are
carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called
coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.
Blood Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of
their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to
all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other
waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for
disposal. It also fights against infection and helps heal
wounds, so we can stay healthy.
There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three
drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are
about 40 platelets and one white cell.

http://www.bloodbankofalaska.org/about_blood/index.html
Genetics of Blood Types
• Your blood type is established before you are BORN,
by specific GENES inherited from your parents.

• You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one

from your FATHER.

• These genes determine your blood type by causing

proteins called AGGLUTINOGENS to exist on the
surface of all of your red blood cells.
What are blood types?
Blood Types
There are 3 alleles or genes for blood AA or AO = Type A
type: A, B, & O. A and B are dominant BB or BO = Type B
and O is recessive. Since we have 2 OO = Type O
AB = Type AB
genes, there are 6 possible combinations.

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/basics/blood/types.cfm
 Blood Transfusions
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a
patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels.
Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a
serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body
can't make blood properly because of an illness.
Who can give you blood? Universal Donor

People with TYPE O blood are called Universal

Donors, because they can give blood to any blood
type.

People with TYPE AB blood are called Universal

Recipients, because they can receive any blood
type.

Rh + → Can receive + or -
Universal Recipient
Rh - → Can only receive -
 Rh Factors
• Scientists sometimes study Rhesus monkeys to
learn more about the human anatomy because
there are certain similarities between the two
species. While studying Rhesus monkeys, a
certain blood protein was discovered. This protein
is also present in the blood of some people. Other
people, however, do not have the protein.
• The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is
referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. A+ A-
• If your blood does contain the protein, your blood B+ B-
is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). If your blood does AB+ AB-
not contain the protein, your blood is said to be Rh O+ O-
negative (Rh-).
http://www.fi.edu/biosci/blood/rh.html
 Cardiovascular Disorders
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading
cause of death in Western countries.
• Modern research efforts have improved
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• Major cardiovascular disorders include
atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, aneurysm,
and hypertension.
 Hemophilia
•Hemophilia is an inherited clotting disorder due to a
deficiency in a clotting factor that produces
abnormal bleeding.
•Bumps and falls cause bleeding in the joints;
cartilage degeneration and resorption of bone can
follow.
•The most frequent cause of death is bleeding into
the brain with accompanying neurological damage.
 Atherosclerosis
• Atherosclerosis is due to a build-up of fatty
material (plaque), mainly cholesterol, under the
inner lining of arteries.
• The plaque can cause a thrombus (blood clot) to
form.
• The thrombus can dislodge and lead to the
bursting of a blood vessel.
Stroke, Heart Attack, and Aneurysm

•Stroke results when an embolus lodges in a

cerebral blood vessel or a cerebral blood
vessel bursts; a portion of the brain dies due
to lack of oxygen.
•Heart attack occurs when a portion of heart
muscle dies due to lack of oxygen.
•Aneurysm is a ballooning of a blood vessel,
usually in the abdominal aorta or arteries
leading to the brain.
•Death results if the aneurysm is in a large
vessel and the vessel bursts.
•Atherosclerosis and hypertension weaken
blood vessels over time, increasing the risk of
aneurysm.
Coronary Bypass Operations
• A coronary bypass operation involves
removing a segment of another blood vessel
and replacing a clogged coronary artery.
• It may be possible to replace this surgery
with gene therapy that stimulates new
blood vessels to grow where the heart
needs more blood flow.
Coronary bypass operation
 Clearing Clogged Arteries
• Angioplasty uses a long tube threaded through an arm
or leg vessel to the point where the coronary artery is
blocked; inflating the tube forces the vessel open.
Stents are put in place to keep it open.
• Stents are small metal pieces that are expanded inside
the artery to keep it open.
• Stents are coated with heparin to prevent blood clotting
and with chemicals to prevent arterial closing.
Angioplasty
 QUIZ!
1. What organ system Circulate blood throughout
entire body?
2. What is the organ that pumps blood?
3. What do you call the main tube that pumps blood
AWAY from the heart?
4. What do you call the main tube that pumps blood to
the heart?
5. It is the transports material to every cell of the body.
 QUIZ!
6. How many chamber does our heart have?
7. It is the most abundant cells in our blood.
8. How many liters of blood does an average adult
have?
9. It is the clotting factors that are carried in the plasma.
10. What is the blood type which is called as the
UNIVERSAL DONOR?
 ANSWERS!
1. CIRCULATORY 6. 4
SYSTEM 7. RED BLOOD CELL
2. HEART 8. 5 LITERS
3. ARTERY 9. PLATELETS
4. VEIN 10. O
5. BLOOD