Man Church and Society (MCS) MIDTERMS Reviewer

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MODULE 1 – Man as a Social Being  In fact, the self-concept portrays who a person

What is a Human Person? is; courageous, wicked, intelligent, brave, timid,


lazy, honest, and popular and so on. This is also
 The notion of what a human person has been the known as the real self and the ideal self also
most problematic concept since time immemorial. talks about how a person will become in future,
 The more we know ourselves, the more abstract for example his level of education or his
our ideas become position in the society. Many a time, most
 the deeper we understand life the more people wish they were somebody else.
utilitarian we treat each other  This kind of attitude breeds hatred, jealousy,
 the harder we work for the betterment of our envy, competition, bitterness, and at the end of
society the more chaotic and death-dealing the the day nothing gets done = NO
results become DEVELOPMENT!!! For this reason it is best to be
 Experience, however, makes us wiser than ever aware of yourself and accept yourself the way
enabling us to understand, love, and hope for a you are so that you can tap your potential to
peaceful and humane world develop yourself and your nation.
Lesson 1: Man and His Self  I hope most readers will bear with me that
sometimes some subordinates can stand boldly
Personality to challenge their leaders, claiming that, “after
 means the physical appearance or features of a all what! If you are the boss and so what, we
person; are all the same, we are all human beings”.
 that is his abilities, his emotions, his social traits  But if you know your level and you are humble,
and his interests and attitudes. there is likely to be some encouragement which
 In other words, personality means the whole of will lift you up instead of you staying at the
a person's outstanding features. bottom and challenging your boss at the top. 
 It is very true that all human beings are the
 This refers to the characteristic ways in which a
same, having blood, nose, eyes, hands, legs and
person reacts to situations in life. It is also a
so on, but as a separate person on your own,
sum total of how one individual differs from you may have your educational level, different
another. attitudes; that is your likes and dislikes, the way
 For all of us to be able to relate well with you think, the way you react to situations, the
others, there is a need for us to know what we way you feel, the position you occupy in society
are made up of. This way, we will be able to and having your own name. This uniqueness is
tolerate each other, live and work together in what makes one an individual.
peace to develop our homes and society at  The Individual traits therefore stem from the
large. growth and development of man from the time
 If we can stay together as a family, to love that the ovum of the woman and the sperm of
ourselves and promote peace; it will be very the man fuse together in the womb up to
useful for us to understand the concept of adulthood.
individual differences. Being aware of our  These genetic factors from both parents make
individual differences, we will be able to the individual short, tall, beautiful, intelligent,
understand ourselves better and accept ugly, or dull. However, heredity factors can
ourselves the way we are. change due to environmental influences.
 Knowing our individual differences, we can give Education and religion can also contribute to
attention to them, understand other people's mold innate factors the individual has inherited
problems and try to tolerate them. from the parents. Both heredity and
 If we get to know what we are made up of, we environmental factors combine to make the
will not promote unhealthy competition but individual unique.
rather try to promote a cordial atmosphere  The uniqueness of the individual is very
where people can feel happy and comfortable important in the life of the person.
to work efficiently and effectively.

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 Because of the different classes of people that  Know yourself, Why? Knowing yourself is the
we have and what we have acquired and beginning of all wisdom. – Aristotle
inherited, these differences show up in every  I am the Eternal “I” (the soul), that is both
aspect of our lives and we therefore need to be unborn & endless & not the external “I” (the
tactful in dealing with people to avoid conflict body), that was made to believe all these years.
 For instance in the family, we may have
members who are shy, slow, dull, intelligent,
easy going, reserved, etc. therefore each
member should be treated separately.
 By so doing each member's nutritional needs
can be taken care of according to their various
differences. A parent must be able to observe
her children and know their likes and dislikes.
 A child may like cool environments and so will
be found constantly sleeping on the bare floor.
The parent of such a child must not force him or
her to sleep on a bed, but rather ensure that
they are clothed properly so that they do not  The model can be looked upon as a
contract pneumonia. communication window through which you give
 Some children are fast while others are slow but and receive information about yourself and
they are able to perform their duties well. If others
parents start to compare them, it may result in  The first pane – Open (Things I know, Things
rivalry. Parents need to know the differences in they know)
their children so they can protect, guide and  The second pane – Blind (Things I don’t know,
encourage them. Things they know)
 Just as we have different behaviors in the  The third pane – Hidden (Things I Know, Things
family, so do we have them in the larger they don’t know)
society.  The fourth pane – Unknown (Things I don’t
 People behave differently everywhere; in the know, Things they don’t know)
neighborhood, in the church, in the school, at
market places, at work places, in queues, and in Self-Identity
commercial vehicles, different people are seen  Refers to the global understanding a person has
and they behave differently due to what they of themselves.
have acquired and inherited. To be able to cope  Self identity is composed of relatively
for peace and harmony to prevail and also for permanent self-assessments, such as
development to take place, there is the need for personality attributes, knowledge of one’s skills
each and everyone to know what makes him or and abilities, one’s occupation and hobbies, and
her different from the other. awareness of one’s physical attributes.
 Basically, this discussion will give you a  Is not restricted to the present. It includes
background about the concepts of Man and selves and future selves
Self. On the first hand, the discussion will focus
on the different perspectives of man as an Self-Concept
individual. On the other hand, the discussion  A person’s self-concept is his knowledge about
will transition into man as a member of society, himself.
that is, how we are related to each other and  Self-concept is simple the informational side of
the respective societies we belong. things where you know facts about what you
are like.
SELF  They can be influenced not only by observing
 Images of the Self – Vibrant and varied one’s own self and behavior objectively, but

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also by observing the reactions that other  But the overwhelming proof of man’s natural
people have to you and your behavior, or tendency towards social life is his capacity of
imagining what other people might think of you, speech.
or what you would think of yourself if you saw  The Social Obligations, however, is a general not
yourself from outside. an individual command.
 The species of mankind has the obligation to
Confidence socialize or to form social units, but the
 Is a pretty broad term and can be difficult to individual as individual is exempted from this
define. general obligation
 Under normal conditions, however, man needs
 Is a really personal thing that isn’t the same for
society and not as a mere convention.
everyone.
 Different people have different levels of Jean-Jacques Rousseau
confidence, but there are some signs of a  In the Social contract claims that when man
confident person which can give insight into enters into a society, he contracts his freedom
where confidence comes from. because he has to live with other free beings.

Self-Image Thomas Hobbes


 The way you think about yourself and your  In the leviathan claims that man’s need for
abilities or appearance society is physical
 One’s conception of oneself or one’s role.  However, because of the lurking dangers that
such a social convention can cause, Hobbes
Conclusion proposes that the monster who will exact
 So the above were the methods by which we obedience and inspire fear among citizens be
created, somewhat similar to the biblical
can understand ourselves and most importantly
monster, Leviathan.
no one can make you feel inferior without your
 What Aristotle wrote in the politics is still true:
consent.
that man needs for society, and if he does not,
because he is sufficient unto himself, that man
is either beast or a god.
 Theoreticians, however, have pushed the idea
Lesson 2: Man as a Social Being
of man as a social being to an extreme, thus,
"Everyone of us needs to show how much we care for the concept of socialism and communism.
each other and, in the process, care for ourselves."
- Diana, Princess of Wales. Socilism
 A system of society or group living in which
ROLE OF MAN IN SOCIETY there is no private property: a system or
 There would have beein no need for special condition of society in which the means of
ethics if man were simply an individual with an production are owned and controlled by the
individual purpose; but mman is also a member state.
of society and as such, he has social aspect  Socialism’s mortal enemy is Capitalism.
which requires ethical considerations.
 The social dimensions of man is founded on Capitalism
nature.  Capitalism has led to abuse because capitalist
 Man needs society in order to live life could pocket the profit to the disadvantage of
comfortably and safely. the workers who, after all, were instrumental in
 Against natural and other dangers, he needs producing the goods sold in the market.
protection only society.  As an offshoot of this abuse concept of
 Aline, he cannot arrive at the height of art, socialism.
music, literature, history, philosophy and
religion, etc. It must be stressed at the outset that Socialism is a
beautiful theory:
 It is humane

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 Pro-poor  All citizens would own the wealth of the
 Worker-oriented country.
 And very Christian in its perspective
 Socialist have peddled the idea of all forms of Society in its smallest unit Is the family
production so that the profit accruing from  The father provides
could go to every citizen and not to the private  Mother supervise
capitalist.  Children prepare themselves for live
 There is one authority and there are subjects of
Communism that authority.
 Is a doctrine, philosophy before it is a way of
life. “Every man is three men: the man he thinks he is, the man
 Way of organizing a society in which the others think he is, and the man he really is.”
government owns the things that are used to
make and transport products ( such as land, oil, Real Self – that which a person must rationally admit to be
the actual
factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately
owned property.
Ideal Self – that which a person would aspire to become
 It is more than mere ownership of goods.
 Communism is complicated doctrine which In an effort to understand himself, amn must
includes a complex of: understand HEREDITY, ENVIRONMENT, and the SELF, since
o Atheism these three shape him into the recognizable mold of human
o Evolutionism beings.
o Historical materialism
 It has a methodology all it’s own according to Hereditary – Human life begins at conception when the egg
which the future ideal state can be attained cell of the female is fertilized by the sperm cell of the male. At
through; that point, the human being receives a genetic inheritance
o Revolution which provides the basic potentialities for this development
o Dictatorship and behavior.
o Suppression of freedom, etc.
Environment – Man’s physical and socio-cultural
 Fundamental Importance but not known to
environment heavily influence the extent to which is genetic
many is the capital difference between –
potentials are realized.
Communist means, Communist ends
The Self
Communist ends
 When psychologists refer to the self, they do not
 Are situated in distant, very hazy and no less think of some “little person” sitting in the brain, but
mythical future. rather a concept necessary for aspects of you
 At that time, they claim, men will have become perception, feeling, thinking and behavior.
so well educated they will no longer strive for  Observe what one has to say about the self:
their individual welfare. o “I have an image about myself. Physically,
 There would be no more state, no police, no I’m slender; I have short hair; and I have a
coercion, no need of an international preference for my clothing style. I am the
organization to make people live in peace. nervous type, that which I would like to
eliminate. But despite this, I can say that I
Communist means can still enjoy my life. I’m optimistic,
 The final result or goal is a classless society sometimes overlay so. Basically, I like myself
where there is no poor class. the way I am now.”
 Where there is no entanglement between
capitalist and workers for they would now be
co-equal.
 Where there is no need for the police because
no one would steal or grab.
 Every having what he needs.

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