SCIENCE SHIT REVIEWER

Physics - The study of matter, its motion and its behavior through space and time
Motion - The change in position over time.
Scalars - Quantities that are fully described by a magnitude alone.
Vector - Quantities that are fully described by both magnitude and direction.
Distance - A scalar quantity that refers to how much ground an object has covered during its
motion
Displacement - A vector quantity that refers to the object's overall change in position from initial
to final position.
Speed - A scalar quantity used to describe the distance traveled per unit time.
Velocity -Similar to speed, except that it does not only tell how fast or slow a motion is, but also
indicates its direction.
Acceleration - The change in velocity per unit time.
Gravity - The force of attraction between objects by virtue of their masses. The gravity pulls the
object toward the center of earth.

Projectile Motion
-The motion of a body projected horizontally or at an angle other than 90 degrees
with the horizontal.
2 Independent components
Horizontal (Uniform Motion)(Vx)
oThe motion of the object does not alter
Vertical (Gravity)(Vy)
oChange in motion occurs because of the gravity

Trajectory
-The Path of a projectile, which follows a parabola.
Formula:

SAMPLE PROBLEM
A marble rolls off the edge of a table top with an initial speed of 15.0 m/s. In 0.50 s,
how far does it travel horizontally?

Given: vi = 15.0 m/s, θ = 0, t = 0.50 s

Required: dx
Equation: dx = vixt
Solution: Vix = Vicosθ
(15.0 m/s)(cosθ)= 15 m/s
dx = (15 m/s)(0.50 s)
Answer: 7.5 m

IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

Momentum
-The product of the mass of the body and its velocity.
Si unit= kg•m/s
Formula:
p=mv
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Which has a greater momentum: a cheetah with a mass of about 74 kg and a running
speed of up to 31 m/s, or an elephant with a mass of 7000 kg running at 18 km/hr?

CHEETAH ELEPHANT
Given: m = 74 kg, v = 31 m/s Given: m = 7000 kg, v = 18 km/hr
Required: p Convert: 18 km/hr – m/s
Equation: p = mv 18 km/hr x (1000 m)/(1 km) x (1 h)/(3600)= 5 m/s
Solution: p = (74 kg)(31 m/s) Required: p
Equation: p = mv
Answer: p = 2294 kg•m/s Solution: p = (7000 kg)(5 m/s)
Answer: 35,000kg•m/s

THE ELEPHANT HAS GREATER MOMENTUM

IMPULSE
-The product of force and time.
-Amount of force exerted on an object.
Formula:
I = FΔt
Impulse-momentum theorem
FΔt = mvf-mvi
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A force of 56 N acts on a 25 kg body for 12 s. Find (a) impulse produced by the force,
(b) the resulting change in momentum of the body, and (c) the speed of the body at the
end of 12 s. Assume that the body starts at rest.

PROBLEM A
Given: m = 25 kg, t = 12 s, F = 56 n, vi = 0
Required: I
Equation: I = Ft
Solution: I = (56 N)(12 s)
Answer: 672 N•s

PROBLEM B
The impulse produced by the force is equal to the change in momentum of the body.
Therefore, the change in momentum is 672 kg•m/s

FΔt = mvf-mvi

PROBLEM C
Given: m = 25 kg, t = 12 s, F = 56 n, vi = 0
Required: the speed of the body at the end of 12 s (Vf)
Equation: p = mvf
Solution: 672 kg•m/s = 25 kg vf
Answer: 26.88 m/s

HEAT ENGINE
-A device that converts heat energy to mechanical energy.
2 types
Internal combustion engine(ICE)
~Engine that burns the fuel inside.
External combustion engine(ECE)
~Engine that burns the fuel outside.
Formulas:
Qh=Qc+W
W=Qh-Qc
Qc=Qh-W
4 Strokes
~Intake
~Compression
~Combustion/power
~Exhaust

Heat engine efficiency

E=W/Qh•100%
E=Qh-Qc/Qh•100%

1Kg = 1000g 1km = 1000m

5000g = 5kg 2.5km = 2500m
G-5000g G-2.5km
R-kg R-m
E-GU x DU/EU E-GU x DU/EU
S- 5000g x 1kg/1000g S-2.5km x 1000m/1km
A=5 kg A=2500m

1hr = 60min
1min = 60s
24hrs = s
G-24hrs
R-s
E-GU x LU/EU x DU/EU
S-24hrs x 60min/1hr x 60s/1min
(1440)
A-86, 400s

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
LEFT - NEGATIVE
RIGHT - POSITIVE
2.49 x 10^-7 = 0.000000249