International Journal of Technology and Emerging Sciences (IJTES)

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Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021 || pp. 29-34 E-ISSN: 2583-1925

Thermal performance of concentric tube heat exchanger with modified wire

coil inserts

Sumit Kumar Singh1*, Amit Kumar2, Mithilesh Kumar Sahu3

1
Research Scholar, Mechanical department, IIT (B.H.U.), Varanasi, UP, India
2
Research Scholar, Mechanical department, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, India
3
Assistant Professor, Mechanical department, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, A.P, India

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Abstract - In thisipaper, the effect of modifiediwire coil
inserts on heatitransfer and friction factor characteristicsiin a
concentric tubeiheat exchanger have beeniexperimentally
investigated for threeidifferent configuration of taperediwire
coil; Converging, Divergingiand Converging-Diverging wire
coil.iWater has beeniused as coldifluid (flowing through in-
tubeiside, whereiwire coil inserts isiused) as well asihot fluid
(flowing throughiannulus side). The obtainediresults show that
theiNusselt number increasesiand the frictionifactor decreases
with increasingiReynolds number for alliconfigurations of
tapered wireicoil inserts. Diverging wireicoil inserts exhibits
higheriheat transfer performance thaniothers arrangements. The
averageiNusselt number and friction factoriof water flowing
inithe inner tube withidifferent configurations of taperediwire
coils (Diverging, Converging-Divergingiand Converging wire
coil)irespectively, enhances 1.91, 1.73,i1.58 times and 8.60,i7.98
and 7.39 timesirespectively, that for theiplain tube. Theivalue of
the ratioih/∆p is greater thaniunity, it can beiconcluded that
using taperediwire coil in concentricitube heat exchanger
isibeneficial for practical heat applications.iDiverging wire coil
insertsishows minimum value ofientropy generation among
alliother arrangements.
Key Words: Concentric tubeiheat exchanger, Tapered
wireicoil, Nusselt number, Frictionifactor, Entropy
generation
1.iINTRODUCTION
There areisome passive techniquesiwhich haveibeen
implied and integratediin the heat exchanger including
wire coiliinserts [1-2] louvered stripiinserts [3],iconical
ring inserts [4-5],idelta wing vortex generators [6]iand
twisted tape insertsiwith different modificationi[7-8].
Nowadays, wireicoiliinsertsiareioneiofithe
significantipassive methods that isiused for heat transfer
augmentationileading to reduce theicost and size ofiheat
transport device. Also,ithis is one ofithe best passive
techniqueimethods that form aiswirl flow inside theipipe
and create turbulentinear to theiwall.iGoudarzi and
Jamalii[9] carried outian experiment toistudy the
hydrothermal performance ofia car radiator mountediwith
helical coil inserts usinginanofluid. They reportedithat
theihelical coil provides higheriheat transfer rate as wellias
friction factor. Mirzaei andiAzimi [10] used helicalicoil
insertsito investigate the thermal-hydraulicsicharacteristics
andifound 77% enhancement iniheat transfer coefficient.
Akyurekiet al. [2] investigated the heatitransfer of
nanofluid inia tube with wireicoil inserts. They found
thatiheat transfer performance increasesiwith decrease in
wireicoil pitch. Singh andiSarkar [11] used ainovel tapered
wire coiliinserts in double tubeiheat exchanger and
observedithat diverging type taperedicoil promotes better
heatitransfer characteristics.
i Many authors haveiperformed experiments on
differenticonfigurations and geometric parameters ofiinsert
to improve theiheat transfer characteristics. However,ino
one have performedithe experiments on concentricitube
heat exchanger withiwire coil inserts byivarying both
geometric asiwell as operating parameters.iIn this paper,
aniexperimental study of water flowingiin concentric tube
heatiexchanger with tapered wire coiliinserts has been
performedifor Reynolds number rangeiof 9000-40000.
Also, the impact onithe entropy generation areialso
considered.
Nomenclature
cp Specific heat capacityi(J/kgK)
d Small end diameteriof wire coil
D Big endidiameter of wire coil
fi Friction factor
G.I Galvanizediiron
k Thermaliconductivityi(W/mK)
Nui Nusselt number
m Mass flow ratei(kg/s)
P Pitch ofithe wire coil
Pri Prandtl number
Q Heat transferirate (W)

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Re Reynoldsinumber
S Entropy (W/k)
T Temperaturei(K)
μ Dynamic viscosityi(Pa.s)

2. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP AND PROCEDURE

Figure 1 and 2ishows theischematic diagramiof

experimental set up.iIt mainly consisted oficoncentric tube
heat exchanger ofilength 570 mm, heatingitank with
temperature controlleriand coolingitank attachediwith
chiller, two flowmeter, two circulatingipump and U-tube
manometer. Theiconcentric tube heat exchangeriis a
double circular G.I.itube (inner and outeritube). The cold
fluids (water)iflows through the inner tubei(where tapered
wire coiliinsert is used) and hotifluid (water) flows
throughiannulus in opposite direction.iIn this experiment, Figure-2: Photograph of the experimental setup
theihot fluid inlet temperatureiand mass flow rate are
kepticonstant as 60oC and 15 lpm,irespectively; while the The imageiof tapered wire coiliwith different
mass flow rates oficold fluid are varied from 5-25ilpm at configurations areishown in Figure 3.iTapered wire coil
temperature of 30oC respectively.iThe inner tube has isifabricated from aluminium wireiwith 13 mm
internal and externalidiameter of 18 andi26 mm while diameteri(D) from one sideiand 6.5 mm diameter
annulusihave internal diameter ofi42 mm. Four PT- (D/2)ifrom other side withia uniform pitch ofi10 mm.
100ithermocouplesiare provided toimeasure the Three newitapered wire coil inserts,ii.e., converging wire
temperatures ofiboth fluids. Pressureidrop throughiinner coil,idiverging wire coil andiconverging-diverging wire
tube andiouter tubeiare measured by U-tube manometer. coil areiused as an enhanceriin this study. Detailsiof
tapered wire coiliand operating conditions areisummarized
Table -1: Details of tapered wire coil and operating conditions in Tablei1.

Parameter Value
Wire thickness 2 mm
Pitch of theitapered wire coil, P 10mm
Larger end diameteriof taperediwire 13 mm
coil, D
Smalleriend diameter of taperediwire 6.5 mm
coil, d
Cold fluid flow rate 5-25 lpm
Reynolds number 9000-40000
Cold fluid inlet temperature 30oC
Hot fluidiinlet temperature 60oC

Figure-3: Photo of tapered wire coil insert

Data reduction
Coldifluid heat transferirate in inner tube is calculated by,
Qc  V c c pc Tc ,out  Tc ,in 
.
(1)
Hot fluid heat transfer rate in outer tube is calculated by,
Qh  Vh  h c ph Th ,in  Th ,out 
.
(2)
The average heat transfer rate is determined by,
Figure-1: Schematic diagram experimental setup Qavg   Qc  Qh  2 (3)

© 2021, IJTES | Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021 | Page 30

Equation (4) is used to estimate the overall heat transfer  T  m  Pc  T  m  Ph
coefficient for inner tube side, S gen,tot  mc cpc ln  c,out   c  mhc ph ln  h,out   h
 T   T  T   T
Qavg  c ,in  c avg ,c  h,in  h avg ,h
U in  (4) (11)
Ain  TLMTD Uncertainty analysis

Where, The error analysis of obtainediparameters can be estimated

TLMTD 
T h ,in  Tc ,out   Th ,out  Tc ,in  (4a) byiusing equations developed byiKline and McClintock
 T  Tc ,out  [13].
ln  h ,in  2 2 2
 Th ,out  Tc ,in  X x  x  x  (12)
  1   2   n 
X  x1   x2   xn 
Without considering fouling, heat transfer coefficient can Based onithe accuracies of mirrorediparameter and
be projected by, properties, the uncertaintiesiof several evaluated
d  parametersisuch as Re, Q, U, h, Nu, f, S gen values are
ln  o  represented in Table 2.
  i 
1 1 d 1
 (5)
U in Ain hnf Ain 2 KL hout Aout Table-2: Uncertainty of parameters

The calculation of Nusselt number for annulus side is Parameter Uncerntainty (%)
computed by using correlation created by Dirker and Mass flowirate (kg/s) ± 0.714
Mayer [12], 3
Densityi(kg/m ) ±1%
0.14 Viscosityi(Pa.s) ±1%
  
Nuo  0.007435 Re Pr  0.91

1/3 (6)
Thermal conductivityi(W/m.K) ±1%
 w 
Range: 4000 < Re <30000, 1.72 < dot, i/dit, o < 3.2 Reynolds number ± 1.23 %
Heat transfericoefficient ± 2.07 %
The Reynolds number can be computed as; Nusseltinumber ± 2.29 %
.
4m Entropyigeneration ± 3.06 %
Re  (6a)
 di  Frictionifactor ± 3.70 %
From the equationi(6) and (7), theiheat transfer coefficient h/∆p ± 3.67 %
ofithe outer tube canibe calculated,
Nuo  ko
hout  (7)
d eq 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Where d eq is the equivalent diameter of the outer tube and Validation with plain tube
given by,
d eq   d ot ,i 2  d it ,o 2  d it ,o (8) To ensure theiaccuracy of experimentalidata, the
experiment wasicarried out with aiplain tube and
The valueiof ho fromithe equation (7) is substitutediin the theiresults obtained were comparediwith standard
equation (5),ito estimate the inner tubeiside heat transfer correlation proposediby Sieder and Tate [14] and Nanan
coefficient ( hc ).iThe Nusselt number of coldifluids can be etial. [15] for Nusselt number andifriction factor as shown
measured byithe following equation: in Figures.i4 and 5.
Nuc  hc d it ,i kc (9) Sieder and Tate correlation;
(13)
The friction factor is presented as below;
2  d 2 Nanan et al. correlation;
f  p  c 2it ,i  (10)
(14)
8 m
 c L 
The net entropy for heat move can be communicated as
(15)
follow;

© 2021, IJTES | Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021 | Page 31

From theifigures, it is concludedithat the experimental
dataiare in acceptable range withithe Sieder-Tate and
Nanan etial. correlations for Nusselt numberiwith mean
deviation of ±12.9% and ±9.5%, respectivelyiwhile the
friction factor isiagreed well with theiNanan et al.
correlation withian average deviation of ±6.4%.
Figure-4: Validation of Nusselt numberifor water inia plain tube
Figure-5: Validation ofifriction factor for wateriin a plain tube
Nusselt Number and Friction factor
Figures 6 and 7 show that the impact of tightened wire
loop embeds on the Nusselt number and rubbing factor
with various setups of the wire curl. The outcomes show
that Nusselt number increments and the contact factor
decline with an increment in Reynolds number. The
outcomes uncover that veering wire loop embeds display
higher hotness move execution than different plans
because of expanding in home season of stream and
© 2021, IJTES | Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021
contact surface region, when the liquid lull from
wandering wire curl embeds. The grating variable declines
with an increment in Reynolds number as displayed in
Figure 7. Wandering wire loop embeds show a higher
rubbing factor than that of different game plans because of
the upsetting of the stream at the entry of veering wire curl
embeds and prompts an expansion in the tension drop. The
normal Nusselt number and grinding component of water
streaming in the inward cylinder with various
arrangements of tightened wire loops (Diverging,
Converging-Diverging, and Converging wire curl)
individually, improves 1.91, 1.73, 1.58 occasions and 8.60,
7.98 and 7.39 occasions individually, that for the plain
cylinder.
Figure-6: Nusselt number versus Reynolds number
Figure-7: Friction factor versus Reynoldsinumber
| Page 32
The variation of h/∆p ratio withiReynolds number for
differenticonfigurations of tapered wireicoil is depicted in
Figs.iAs seen in Figure 8,iit is clearithat with the
increaseiin Reynolds number, theiratio h/∆p decreases
andidiminishes up to theiReynolds number of 30,000iand
then increases foriall configurations of wireicoil inserts. In
fact,iwhile increasing the Reynoldsinumber, the pressure
dropiincreases much more thanithe heat transfer rateiand
this leads toireducing h/∆p ratio. Theiratio h/∆p yields
maximumivalue at a low flowirate as heat
transfericoefficient dominances over theipressure drop at
ailow flow rate.iSince the value of theiratio h/∆p is greater
thaniunity, it can be concluded that using tapered wireicoil
iniconcentric tube heat exchanger areibeneficial for
practical heatiapplications.

Entropy generation

The totalientropy generation (S gen,tot) determinediby

equations (11) andidepicted in Figure 9iwith respect to
theiReynolds number for differenticonfigurations of
tapered wireicoil inserts. The totalientropy generation
increases withian increase in theiReynolds number. Also,
theiresult shows that Sgen,tot reducesiby the use ofitapered
wire coil insertsiin the tube asiit creates strong mixingiof
fluids which iniresults improve heat transfer.iDiverging
wire coiliinserts shows minimum valueiof entropy
generation amongiall other configurations.
Usingidiverging wire coil inserts,ithe average entropy
generationireduces by around 12.95i% less than thatifor
the plain tube,i6.70 % less than that for converging
wireicoil and 5.44 % lowerithan that for converging-
divergingiwire coil inserts,irespectively.
Figure-9:Variation of entropyigeneration with Reynoldsinumber
3. CONCLUSIONS
Aniexperimental analysis for hydrothermal performanceiin
concentric tube heatiexchanger with novel taperediwire
coil inserts was conductediunder turbulent flow
condition.iThe main results of thisistudy are summed
upibelow:
 The significantiincrease in Nu withiincrease in
Reynolds numberiobtained by inserting taperediwire
coil. The frictionifactor decreases with increaseiin
Reynolds number.
 Among allicoil arrangements, diverging wireicoil
inserts exhibitsihigher heat transfer
performanceithan others arrangements.i

 The average Nusseltinumber and frictionifactor of

water flowing inithe inner tube with
differenticonfigurations of tapered wireicoils
(Diverging, Converging-Diverging andiConverging
wire coil) respectively,ienhances 1.91, 1.73,
1.58itimes and 8.60, 7.98iand 7.39 times
respectively,ithat for theiplain tube.

 The value ofithe ratio h/∆p isigreater than unity,

itican be concluded thatiusing tapered wire coiliin
concentric tube heatiexchanger are beneficialifor
practicaliheat applications.

 Divergingiwire coil insertsishows minimum

valueiof entropy generationiamong all
othericonfigurations.
Figure-8: Ratio h/∆p versusiReynolds number

© 2021, IJTES | Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021 | Page 33

  Using divergingiwire coil inserts,ithe average
entropyigeneration reduces byiaround 12.95 %iless
than thatifor the plainitube, 6.70 %iless than thatifor
converging wire coil andi5.44 % lower than that for
converging-diverging wireicoil inserts, respectively.
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© 2021, IJTES | Volume 01|| Issue 01|| April 2021 | Page 34