,ƐĺPODSTAWY BIOLOGII.

STRUKTURA KOMÓRKI

3 Պ†7o‰-lbhuovhor†ĺ
0v;u‰-1f;lbhuovhoro‰;
Ɛĺ 1D]GMĊFLXSU]HGVWDZLRQRPLNURVNRSĞZLHWOQ\'RSRQLĪV]HJRORJRJU\IXZSLV]
QD]Z\F]ĊĞFLPLNURVNRSXR]QDF]RQ\FKQXPHUDPL/LWHU\ZZ\UyĪQLRQHMNRORUHP
NROXPQLHXWZRU]ąKDVáR

ƒ
Ƒ
6

ƒ O B
Ɠ R
5 O
6 S

+DVáR

Ƒĺ 3RGNUHĞOOLWHU\NWyU\PLR]QDF]RQRSRSUDZQHGRNRĔF]HQLH]GDQLD
*Rá\PRNLHPPRĪQDRJOąGDü
 ĺ NRPyUNĊEDNWHU\MQą ĺ ]ąEF]áRZLHND
ĺ SHVWNĊZLĞQL  ĺ NRPyUNĊNUZLNRWD.

8
 Ɗĺ†7o‰-lbhuovhor†ĺ0v;u‰-1f;lbhuovhoro‰;

ƒĺ :SUDFRZQLELRORJLF]QHMPLNURVNRS\PLDá\RELHNW\Z\SRZLĊNV]DMąFHUD]\
UD]\LUD]\RUD]RNXODU\SRZLĊNV]DMąFHUD]\LUD]\2EOLF]MDNLHQDMZLĊNV]H
LMDNLHQDMPQLHMV]HSRZLĊNV]HQLHREUD]XRJOąGDQHJRRELHNWXPRJOLX]\VNDüXF]QLR-
ZLH]DSRPRFąRSLVDQ\FKPLNURVNRSyZ
1DMZLĊNV]HSRZLĊNV]HQLHREUD]XRELHNWX
1DMPQLHMV]HSRZLĊNV]HQLHREUD]XRELHNWX

Ɠĺ 3RQLĪV]H]GDQLD]DZLHUDMąLQIRUPDFMHQDWHPDWSRVáXJLZDQLDVLĊPLNURVNRSHPĞZLHWO-
Q\P2FHĔSUDZG]LZRĞüNDĪGHJR]GDQLD3RGNUHĞO3MHĞOL]GDQLHMHVWSUDZG]LZH
OXE)MHĞOLMHVWIDáV]\ZH
 ĺ /XVWHUNRQDOHĪ\XVWDZLüWDNDE\SUHSDUDWE\áRGSRZLHGQLRRĞZLHWORQ\ 3)
ĺ : VWĊSQąREVHUZDFMĊWU]HEDSU]HSURZDG]Lü]DSRPRFąRELHNW\ZXRĞUHGQLPSR-
ZLĊNV]HQLX 3)
ĺ :FHOXXVWDZLHQLDRVWURĞFLQDOHĪ\SRVáXĪ\üVLĊQDMSLHUZPDáąĞUXEąPLNURVNRSX
DQDVWĊSQLHGXĪą 3)
 ĺ -HĞOLFKFHP\RWU]\PDüREUD]EDUG]LHMSRZLĊNV]RQ\PXVLP\XĪ\üRELHNW\ZX
RZLĊNV]\PSRZLĊNV]HQLX 3)

Ɣĺ 1DU\VXQNXSU]HGVWDZLRQRSUHSDUDWPLNURVNRSRZ\SU]\JRWRZDQ\]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP
GZyFKV]NLHáHN3RGDMQD]Z\V]NLHáHNR]QDF]RQ\FKQXPHUDPLL

Ɛ
obiekt
1. 

Ƒ
2. 

preparat mikroskopowy

ѵĺ 8SRU]ąGNXMZHZáDĞFLZHMNROHMQRĞFLHWDS\SU]HELHJXREVHUZDFMLPLNURVNRSRZHM
±ZSLV]QXPHU\RGGR

ojॕ৵ru;r-u-|lbhuovhoro‰‹m-v|oѴbh†lbhuovhor†‰|-hbvrovॕ0ķ
-0‹o0v;u‰o‰-m‹o0b;h|Œm-Ѵ-Œjvb<m-7o|‰ou;lroঋuo7h†v|oѴbh-ĺ
0v;u‰†f.1o0u-ŒķruŒ;hu<1-f7;Ѵbh-|mb;7†৵.ঋu†0<lbhuovhor†ķ
-m-v|<rmb;l-j.ķ-0‹†v|-‰bࣀo7ro‰b;7mb.ov|uoঋࣀĺ
1. &v|-‰o0b;h|‹‰lbhuovhor†om-flmb;fvŒ‹lro‰b<hvŒ;mb†ĺ
"rॕfuŒruŒ;Œoh†Ѵ-uĺou†vŒ-fѴ†v|;uhb;lb†v|-‰৳uॕ7joঋ‰b-|j-|-hķ-0‹
‰b7Œb-m;ruŒ;Œ1b;0b;roѴ;lbhuovhoro‰;ŐroѴ;‰b7Œ;mb-őv|-jovb<f-vm;ĺ
o†Œ‹vh-mb†ov|uoঋ1bo0u-Œ†o0;fuŒ‹fru;r-u-|ĺ