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MODULE 5A Accounting Process Journalizing
MODULE 5A Accounting Process Journalizing
The Accounting Cycle of the Process - Recording Phase (Journalizing - Service Business)
RECORDING PROCESS
(Bookkeeping Function)
SUMMARIZING
PROCESS
- Business documents are designed to capture the important details of every business trannsaction that can be used
by the business entity for future reference, but more importantly for accounting purposes.
▪ There is no one fixed design of every business document because it depends on the nature of busines
operations and what informason are important for the entity to be captured based on internal and external
reporting requirements, and may be based on their experiences in the past or experience of other entities
where they learned their lessons.
▪ Therefore, every format or design of business documents of a certain business entity is unique when
compared to other business entities.
- Business documents have the following common characteristics:
1) There are signatories for these business documents, but not limited to, as follows:
a) The employee who is authorized to prepare the document on the "Prepared by" section.
b) The employee who is authorized to check the details of the transaction on the "Checked by" section.
c) The employee who is authorized to approve the transaction on the "Approved by" section.
2) It is prepared in at least two (2) copies. The last copy should always be the file copy of the issuing entity and
the reference of the accounting department in recording the business transaction.
3)
It is prenumbered which means with series of number from number 1 onwards. This is to control the number
of business transaction. One missing series of business document may mean one business transaction that
may not be recorded in accounting books. This should be investigated for it may lead to fraud or irregularities.
- As discussed above, business transactions are captured first by these business documents. One of copy of these
documents is sent to accounting department for recording in accounting books.
▪ Therefore, every accounting personnel must know how to identify the nature of business transactions captured
by these busines documents.
INPUTS OUTPUTS
Business Financial
Accounting Process
Transactions Statements
Official Income
Receipt 1. Journalizing Statement
2. Posting to the ledger
Sales 3. Preparation of preliminary trial balance Statement of
Invoice 4. Preparation of worksheet Financial Position
5. Preparation of adjusting entries
6. Preparation of the financial statements Statement of
Vouchers
7. Preparation of closing entries Changed in Equity
8. Preparation of the post closing trial balance
9. Reversing the adjusting entries Statement of
Others
Cash Flows
▪ Step 2 - Analyze each transaction for its effect on the accounts of the accounting equation.
- This what we discussed in Module 3 (Exanded Accounting Equation and Transaction Analysis) and Module 5 (Rules
of Debit and Credit).
2) Special Journal
- The complex form of journal because it consists of more than two money columns - one or more
debit columns for each commonly used account name and one or more credit columns for each
commonly used account.
- See Appendix for further discussion. This will be discussed in merchandising accounting.
1. General journal is a formal accounting record. Therefore, this must be clean, writings are readable, and will not
give a perception of confusion on what is written on this whether in words or in figures.
a) Preferrably, abbreviation should not be used for important words and account names except for month under
the date column.
b) Accronym should be avoided particularly with regards to account names.
c) In case of erroneous entry, preferrably draw a straight-line on the erroneous words or amount and write on
top of it the correct one. The signature of the person who made the correction must be affixed after the
correct words or figure for accountability purposes.
GENERAL JOURNAL 1
GENERAL JOURNAL 2
GENERAL JOURNAL 1
Debit
25 P 0 .25
5 25 5 .25
2 5 25 25 .25
5 2 5 25 525 .25
6 5 2 5 25 6,525 .25
2 6 5 2 5 25 26,525 .25
1 2 6 5 2 5 25 126,525 .25
3 1 2 6 5 2 5 25 3,126,525 .25
5. Do not total the debit and credit columns after every page.
GENERAL JOURNAL 2
- Following the basic accounting rules, debit should always be equal to credit. Therefore, all journal entries in the
journal, whether general or special, must have a debit amount that is equal to credit amount. In short, debit entries
should always be equal to credit entries.
GENERAL JOURNAL 3
DEBIT CREDIT
No. BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Account Amount Account Amount
11. Received billing from telephone
company for the current month, P
5,000. Utilities Expense 5,000 Utilities Payable 5,000
The corresponding journane entries in the general journal of the above business transactions are as follows:
APPENDIX
SPECIAL JOURNALS
SPECIAL JOURNALS
- The complex form of journal because it consists of more than two money columns - one or more debit columns for each
commonly used account name and one or more credit columns for each commonly used account.
- See Appendix for further discussion. This will be discussed in merchandising accounting.
- There are four (4) special journal that are commonly used and these are as follows:
1) Cash Receipts Journal
a) All cash receipts transactions are recorded in this special journal.
b) Also called cash receipts book or cash receipts register.
c) A debit column for cash is necessary to record cash receipt.
d) Other debit and credit columns are for accounts commonly used for cash receipt transactions.
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL 1
3) Purchase Journal
a) All credit purchase transactions are recorded in this special journal.
b) Cash purchase transactions are not recorded in this journal but in cash disbursement journal.
c) Also called purchase book or purchase register.
d) A credit column for Accounts Payable is necessary to record purchases on credit basis.
e) Other columns, both for debit and credit, are for accounts commonly used for these transactions.
PURCHASE JOURNAL 1
4) Sales Journal
a) All credit sales transactions of goods and services are recorded in this special journal.
b) Cash sales transactions are not recorded in this journal but in cash receipts journal.
c) Also called sales book or sales register.
d) A debit column for Accounts Receivable is necessary to record sales on credit basis.
e) Other columns, both for debit and credit, are for accounts commonly used for these transactions.
SALES JOURNAL 1
SALES JOURNAL 1
EXERCISE 1
Preparation of Journal Entries
Using your answers in Exercise 8 of Module 4, prepare necessary the journal entries. Use the letter that corresponds to
business transactions as your date.