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Topic 3 Infection N Response
Topic 3 Infection N Response
antibiotic resistance
bacteria reproduce asexually making genetically identical copies of them selves.
so when a person takes the antibiotics it can’t kill the resistant bacteria.
the bacteria will clone itself making many colonies of resistant bacteria which cannot be
killed by antibiotics
the lymphocytes that make antibodies specifically against the antigen has been extracted
from the mouse
these lymphocytes are fused with tumor cells to create hydridomas. these hybridomas are
cloned to make a lot of hybridoma cells that can produce these specific one type of
antibodies
the dead or weakened pathogen has a similar antigen to the dangerous pathogen.
these similar antigens trigger an immune response which means the receptors on a
lymphocyte will recognise the antigen bc the receptors and antigen have a
COMPLEMENTARY SHAPE to each other
the lymphocyte will be activated and will make many clones of itself.
Some of these cells will make antibodies and some will make memory cells which will
stay in the body for many years
if the harmful pathogen with harmful antigens enter the body, then the memory
lymphocyte will recognise the similar antigen and they will make antibodies in a shorter
time. these antibodies will help destroy the pathogen
*having memory cells can give u immunity cos u have large amounts of them to make the
antibodies like faster
enzymes inside the phagocytes are then used to digest the pathogen or infected cell so it
is no longer harmful
Trachea and bronchi - lined with mucus and cilia, the mucus traps the pathogen and the
cilia wafts this mucus to the back of the throat where is can be swallowed
HIV)
SPREAD-> sexual contact or by exchanging blood
SYMPTOMS-> flu like symptoms then it can lead to aids
PREVENTION-> use a physical barrier of contraception eg condom, use antiretroviral
drugs to slow down virus replication process
gonorrhoea)
SPREAD-> a sexually transmitted disease by sexual contact