Procedure text assignment

NAMA : Sandy
Farindra Hafizd
KELAS : XI – RPL

Jl.Tarumanegara No.1, Pisangan, kec. Ciputat timur,

Tangerang selatan, Banten 15419

How to operate Linux on computer

1. Join a free shell

There are a lot of people running Linux with more Linux servers than they know what
to do with (keep in mind that a "Linux server" can be anything from the latest
supercomputer to a discarded 12-year-old laptop). To put excess computers to good
use, many administrators open their spare boxes up for free shell accounts.
 If you want to log time in a Linux terminal to learn commands, shell scripting, Python,
and the basics of web development, a free shell account is an easy, no-cost way to
get started. Here's a short list to try:

 Freeshell.de is a public access Linux system that's been online since 2002. You get
SSH access (to experiment in a Linux shell), IPv6, and OpenSSL, and you can
request a MySQL database.
 Blinkenshell provides a Linux shell to learn Unix, use IRC, host simple websites, and
share files. It's been online since 2006.
 SDF Public Access Unix System was established in 1987 to offer free NetBSD
accounts. NetBSD isn't Linux, of course, but it's open source Unix, so it offers a
similar experience. It also has several homebrewed applications, so it straddles the
line between old-school BBS and plain-old free shell.

Free shell accounts are subject to a lot of abuse, so the more you demonstrate
trustworthiness and willingness to participate in the goings-on of the collective, the
better your experience. You can often gain access (through a special request or a
small donation to demonstrate goodwill) to database engines, compilers, and
advanced programming languages. You can also ask for additional software or
libraries to be installed, subject to administrator approval.

How to use it

Public access shell accounts are a great way to try out a real Linux system. The fact
that you don't get root access means you get to learn local software management
without having to mow your own lawn or fix leaky faucets. You can do just enough
real-life activities to make them viable for getting real work done, although they're not
reliable enough to be mission critical.

2. Try Linux on Windows with WSL 2

Believe it or not, Microsoft started shipping Linux with Windows as of June 2019,
meaning you can run Linux applications from Windows as the second iteration of
the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 2). While it's primarily aimed at developers,
Windows users will find WSL 2 to be a Linux environment from the comfort of a
familiar desktop without any virtualization taking up extra resources. This is Linux
running as a process on your Windows machine. At this time, it's still a new initiative
and a work in progress, so it's subject to change. If you try to push it too far too soon,
you're likely to encounter a bug or two, but if you're just looking to get started with
Linux, learn some commands, and get a feel for getting serious work done in a text-
based environment, WSL 2 may be exactly what you need.
How to use it

WSL doesn't yet have a clear pathway or purpose, but it provides a Linux
environment on your Windows machine. You get root access and can run Linux
distributions and applications, so it's an easy and seamless way to learn. However,
even though WSL is Linux, it's not exactly a typical Linux experience. It's Linux
provided by Windows, and that's not what you're likely to encounter in the real world.
WSL is a development and educational tool, but if it's available to you, then you
should use it.

3. Carry Linux on a bootable thumb drive

Carry Linux, installed to a USB thumb drive, everywhere you go, and boot any
computer you encounter from that thumb drive. You get a personalized Linux
desktop, and you don't have to worry about the data on the host computer you've
booted from. The computer doesn't touch your Linux OS, and your Linux OS doesn't
affect the computer. It's ideal for public computers at hotel business centers,
libraries, schools, or just to give yourself an excuse to boot into Linux from time to
time.

Unlike many other quick hacks to get to a Linux shell, this method offers you a full
and robust Linux system, complete with a desktop, access to whatever software you
need, and persistent data storage.

The system never changes. Any data you want to save is written into a compressed
filesystem, which is then applied as an overlay to the system when you boot. This
flexibility allows you to choose whether to boot in persistent mode, saving all data
back to the thumb drive, or in an ephemeral mode, so everything you do disappears
once you power down. In other words, you can use this as a secure kiosk on an
untrusted computer or as your portable OS on computers you trust.

There are many thumb drive distributions you can try, some with minimal desktop
environments for low-powered computers and others with a full desktop. I'm partial
to Porteus Linux. I've carried it on my keychain every day for the past eight years,
using it as my primary computing platform during business travel as well as a utility
disk if computer problems strike at work or home. It's a reliable and stable operating
system that's fun and easy to use.

On Mac or Windows, download the Fedora Media Writer to create a bootable thumb

drive of whatever portable distribution you download.

How to use it
Booting a "live Linux" from a USB thumb drive provides a complete Linux
distribution. While data storage is done a little differently from a system you install to
a hard drive, everything else is as you'd expect from a Linux desktop. There's little
you can't do on a portable Linux OS, so install one on your keychain to unlock the full
potential of every computer you encounter.

4. Take an online tour

Somebody over at Ubuntu thought up the brilliant idea of hosting an Ubuntu GNOME
desktop in the browser. To try it out for yourself, open a web browser and navigate
to tour.ubuntu.com. You can select which activity you want demonstrated, or you can
skip individual lessons and click the Show Yourself Around button.

Even if you're new to the Linux desktop, you might find showing yourself around is
more familiar than you might expect. From the online tour, you can look around, see
what applications are available, and view what a typical default Linux desktop is like.
You can't adjust settings or launch another tour in Firefox (it was the first thing I tried,
naturally), and while you can go through the motions of installing applications, you
can't launch them. But if you've never used a Linux desktop before and you want to
see what all the fuss is about, this is the whirlwind tour.

How to use it

An online tour is truly just a tour. If you've never seen a Linux desktop in action, this
is an opportunity to get a glimpse of what it's like. Not intended for serious work, this
is an attractive display to entice passers-by.

5. Run Linux in the browser with JavaScript

Not so long ago, virtualization used to be computationally expensive, limited to users
with premium hardware. Now virtualization has been optimized to the point that it can
be performed by a JavaScript engine, thanks to Fabrice Bellard, the creator of the
excellent and open source QEMU machine emulator and virtualizer.

Bellard also started the JSLinux project, which allows you to run Linux and other
operating systems in a browser, in his spare time for fun. It's still an experimental
project, but it's a technical marvel. Open a web browser to the JSLinux page, and
you can boot a text-based Linux shell or a minimal graphical Linux environment. You
can upload and download files to your JSLinux host or (theoretically) send your files
to a network backup location, because JSLinux has access to the internet through a
VPN socket (although at capped speeds, dependent upon the VPN service).

How to use it
You won't be doing serious work on JSLinux anytime soon, and the environment is
arguably too unusual to learn broad lessons about how Linux normally works. If,
however, you're bored of running Linux on a plain old PC and would like to try Linux
on a truly distinctive platform, JSLinux is in a class all its own.
6. Read about it
Not every Linux experience happens on the computer. Maybe you're the sort of
person who likes to keep your distance, observe, and do your research before
jumping into something new, or maybe you're just not clear yet on what "Linux"
encompasses, or maybe you love full immersion. There's a wealth of information to
read about how Linux works, what it's like to run Linux, and what's happening in the
Linux world.

The more you get familiar with the world of open source, the easier it is to
understand the common lingo and to separate urban myth from actual experience.
We publish book lists from time to time, but one of my favorites is The Charm of
Linux by Hazel Russman. It's a tour through Linux from many different angles,
written by an independent author out of excitement over discovering Linux.

How to use it
Nothing beats kicking back with a good book. This is the least traditional method of
experiencing Linux, but for people who love the printed word, it's both comforting and
effective.

7. Get a Raspberry Pi
If you're using a Raspberry Pi, you're running Linux. It's that easy to get started with
Linux and low-powered computing. The great thing about the Pi, aside from it costing
well under $100, is that its website is designed for education. You can learn all about
what the Pi does, and while you're at it, all about what Linux can do for you.

How to use it

The Pi is, by design, a low-powered computer. That means you can't do as much
multitasking as you might be used to, but that's a convenient way to keep yourself
from getting overwhelmed. The Raspberry Pi is a great way to learn Linux and all of
the possibilities that come with it, and it's a fun way to discover the power of eco

friendly, small-form-factor, simplified computing. And be sure to stay tuned to

Opensource.com—especially during Pi Week every March—
for tips and tricks and fun activities.

8. Climb aboard the container craze

If you work near the back end of the mythical cloud, then you've heard about the
container craze. While you can run Docker and Kubernetes on Windows, Azure,
Mac, and Linux, you may not know that the containers themselves are Linux. Cloud
computing apps and infrastructure are literally minimal Linux systems that run partly
virtualized and partly on bare metal. If you launch a container, you are launching a
miniature, hyper-specific Linux distribution.

Containers are different than virtual machines or physical servers. They're not

intended to be used as a general-purpose operating system. However, if you are
developing in a container, you might want to pause and have a look around. You'll
get a glimpse of how a Linux system is structured, where important files are kept,
and which commands are the most common. You can even try a container online,
and you can read all about how they work in my article about going behind the
scenes with Linux containers.

How to use it

Containers are, by design, specific to a single task, but they're Linux, so they're
extremely flexible. You can use them as they're intended, or you can build a
container out into a mostly complete system for your Linux experiments. It's not a
desktop Linux experience, but it's a full Linux experience.

9. Install Linux as a VM
Virtualization is the easy way to try an operating system, and VirtualBox is a great
open source way to virtualize. VirtualBox runs on Windows and Mac, so you can
install Linux as a virtual machine (VM) and use it almost as if it were just another
application. If you're not accustomed to installing an operating system, VirtualBox is
also a very safe way to try Linux without accidentally installing it over your usual OS.

How to use it
Running Linux as a VM is convenient and easy, either as a trial run or an alternative
to dual-booting or rebooting when you need a Linux environment. It's full-featured
and, because it uses virtual hardware, the host operating system drives your
peripherals. The only disadvantage to running Linux as a virtual machine is primarily
psychological. If you intend to use Linux as your main OS, but end up defaulting to
the host OS for all but the most Linux-specific tasks, then the VM has failed you.
Otherwise, a VM is a triumph of modern technology, and using Linux in VirtualBox
provides you with all the best features Linux has to offer.

10. Install it
When in doubt, there's always the traditional route. If you want to give Linux the
attention it deserves, you can download Linux, burn the installer to a thumb drive (or
a DVD, if you prefer optical media), and install it on your computer. Linux is open
source, so it can be distributed by anyone who wants to take the time to bundle
Linux—and all the bits and pieces that make it usable—into what is commonly called
a distribution (or "distro") for short. Ask any Linux user, and you're bound to get a
different answer for which distribution is "best" (mostly because the term "best" is
often left undefined). Most people admit that you should use the Linux distribution
that works for you, meaning that you should test a few popular distros and settle on
the one that makes your computer behave as you expect it to behave. This is a
pragmatic and functional approach. For example, should a distribution fail to
recognize your webcam and you want your webcam to work, then use a distribution
that recognizes your webcam.

If you've never installed an operating system before, you'll find most Linux
distributions include a friendly and easy installer. Just download a distribution (they
are delivered as ISO files), and download the Fedora Media Writer to create a
bootable installation thumb drive.

How to use it

Installing Linux and using it as an operating system is a step toward becoming

familiar and familial with it. There's no wrong way to use it. You might discover must-
have features you never knew you needed, you might learn more about computers
than you ever imagined you could, and you may shift in your worldview. Or you might
use a Linux desktop because it was easy to download and install, or because you
want to cut out the middleman of some corporate overlord, or because it helps you
get your work done.

Whatever your reason, just give Linux a try with any (or all) of these options.