Algebra II – Exam 2 (b) Find the matrix associated to the linear transformation L below, with respect to the stan-

dard basis {e1 , e2 , e3 } of R3 .

21 June 2021  
x

2x + y


L : y  7→  z − y  where x, y, z ∈ R
• Please write your student ID number and your name at the top of each page of your solutions. z y+x
• Write clearly both the number and part of the question next to each solution.
(c) Is the linear transformation L in part (b) invertible or not? Explain your answer carefully.
• You must provide full reasoning for your solutions. Partial solutions are also credited. (d) With the basis B for R3 below, find [L]B , the matrix associated to the linear transformation
• The exam language is English. The exam duration is 2 hours 30 minutes. L from part (b) with respect to B.
     
• There are 5 questions and 2 pages. Calculators are not allowed.  1 0 0 
B=  0 , 1 , −1 .
   
1. Let V = R3 , the vector space over R of dimension 3. 
0 1 1


(a) Give an example of a subspace of V .

(b) Write down two different bases of V . (20 points)
(c) Show that the following is a scalar product h·, ·i on V : 4. Let V be a vector space over C and let L : V → V be a linear transformation.
   
X3 a1 b1 (a) State the definition of an eigenvector of L.
hu, vi := ai bi where u =  a2  , v =  b2  .
i=1 a3 b3 (b) Let λ ∈ C be arbitrary. State the definition of Vλ , the λ-eigenspace of L, and prove that it
is a subspace of V .
(d) Give an example of a vector in V with length 5. (c) Find the characteristic polynomial PA (t) of the matrix A given below, and then the eigen-
(e) Use the Gram-Schmidt
  Process (or otherwise) to find an orthogonal basis for V containing values of A.  
1 −1 −1 2
the vector w1 =  0 . A= 0 2 0 
−1 2 1 −1

(20 points) (d) Choose one of the eigenvalues of A you found in (c), and find an eigenvector of A corre-
sponding to this eigenvalue.
2. Let V be a vector space over a field R of dimension n. Let U and W be subspaces of V .
(a) Show that U ∩ W is a subspace of V . (20 points)

(b) If W ⊆ U , prove that 5. (a) Give the definition of a group.

U + W = U.
(b) Show that (Q, +) is an abelian group.
(Recall that U + W = {u + w | u ∈ U, w ∈ W }.)
(c) Let R = (Z, +, ·), the ring where + is addition of integers and · is multiplication of integers.
(c) If U + W = U , prove that W ⊆ U .
(i) Is there a multiplicative identity in the ring R? If yes, give it, if no explain why not.
(d) For each integer i satisfying 0 ≤ i ≤ n, show that V contains a subspace of dimension i.
(ii) Are there units in the ring R? If yes, write down the set of units. If no, explain why
(20 points) not.

3. (a) Find the determinant of the matrix A below. (d) Let S = (Q, +, ·), the ring where + is addition of rational numbers and · is multiplicaiton
  of rational numbers. Prove that the ring R defined in (c) is a subring of S.
1 0 −1
(e) State the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra.
A= 0 0 1 
1 0 −1 (20 points)