MATHEMATICS 10

Name: Date:
Grade Level & Section: Score:

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

MEASURES OF POSITION
(4th Quarter, Week 1)
The learners are expected to:
Illustrates the following measures of position: quartiles, deciles and percentiles (ungrouped data)

Statistical data is arranged either in ascending or descending order which can be divided into various
parts. These may be quartiles, deciles or percentiles.
The idea of the median can be associated with the concepts of quartiles, deciles and percentiles. If the
median divides the data into two equal parts, the quartile divides it into four, deciles into ten and percentile into
one hundred equal parts as shown in the table.

Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data

A. Quartile of Ungrouped Data
The quartiles are the score points which
divide a distribution into four equal parts.
Twenty-five percent (25%) of the distribution
are below the first quartile (Q1), fifty percent
(50%) are below the second quartile (Q 2), and
seventy-five percent (75%) are below the third
quartile (Q3).
Q1 is called is called the lower quartile and
Q3 is the upper quartile. Q1 < Q2 < Q3, where Q2
is nothing but the median. The difference
between Q3 and Q1 is the interquartile range.

Example 1:
Consider the set of scores in Learning Task
in Mathematics 10 of sections A and B.
Find Q1, Q2, Q3 and the interquartile range.
Section A: 4, 9, 7, 14, 10, 8, 12, 15, 6, 11
Section B: 10, 10, 9, 13, 7, 8, 5, 11, 6
Solution:
● First arrange the scores from lowest to highest.
Section A: 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15

Q1 Q2 Q3
Section B: 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 13

● Since Section A has n = 10, thus the median is the average of the two middle numbers, hence
Q1 = 7 (lower quartile)
Q2 = median = 9+10 = 19 = 9.5
2 2
Q3 = 12 (upper quartile)
Interquartile range = 12 – 7 = 5
Q2 = 9.5 means that the scores are centered at 9.5 and half of the data lie within the interquartile
range of 5.
 Section B has n = 9, the median is the score in the middle position. The first quartile is the average
of the 2nd and the 3rd scores, while the third quartile is the average of the 7th and 8th scores.
Q1 = 6+7 = 13 = 6.5 (lower quartile)
2 2
Q2 = median = 9
Q3 = 10+11 = 21 = 10.5 (upper quartile)
2 2
Interquartile range = 10.5 – 6.5 = 4
Q2 = 10.5 means that the scores are centered at 10.5 and half of the data lie within the interquartile
range of 4.

Since we need to consider the number of data (n) for quartiles of ungrouped data, take note of the
following:
1. If n is odd, then Q2 is the middle observation, and the values of Q 1 and Q3 are the medians of the lower
half and the upper half respectively.
2. If n is even, then Q2 is the average of the two middle observations, and the values of Q 1 and Q3 are the
medians of the lower half and the upper half respectively.

B. Deciles for Ungrouped Data

The deciles are the nine points that divide the distribution into 10 equal parts. D 1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7,
D8, and D9 are the division points between the ten equal parts. To compute for the position of the decile of
ungrouped data, consider the formula: 𝑘𝑁
Dk = , where, k = position of the data equal to 1, 2, 3, …, 10
10

NOTE:
1. If the quotient obtained is NOT a whole number, round to the next larger whole number. Starting at the
lowest data value, count to the number that corresponds to the rounded up value.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
2. If the quotient obtained is a whole number, use the value halfway between 𝑡ℎ and ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ values
10 10
when counting up from the lowest value.

Example 2:
The scores of 12 students in a quiz are 12, 10, 10, 9, 15, 15, 15, 8, 9, 5, 9 and 4. Find D2, D5, and D8.
Solution:
● Arrange first the data from lowest to highest. 4, 5, 8, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 12, 15, 15, 15 N = 12
2(12) 24
● Solving for D2; 𝐷2 = = = 2.4𝑡ℎ position
10 10
Rounding up to the next integer, D2 = 3rd score. Thus D2 = 8
5(12) 60
● Solving for D5; 𝐷5 = = =6
10 10
6𝑡ℎ+7𝑡ℎ 9+10 19
Since the quotient is a whole number, then D5 = = = = 9.5 Thus D5 = 9.5
2 2 2
8(12) 96
● Solving for D8; 𝐷8 = = = 9.6𝑡ℎ position
10 10
Rounding up to the next integer, D8 = 10th score. Thus D8 = 15

C. Percentiles for Ungrouped Data

Percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a set of values/scores in one hundred equal
parts. Percentile is the most commonly used measure to determine the standing of an individual in a group.
Percentiles determine the value of 1%, 2%, 3%, …, 98% and 99% of the data.
To determine the percentile rank of an ungrouped data, consider the formula:
𝑘𝑁
Pk = , where, k = position of the data equal to 1, 2, 3, …, 100
100
N = number of observations

The same with deciles,

1. If the quotient obtained is NOT a whole number, round to the next larger whole number. Starting at the
lowest data value, count to the number that corresponds to the rounded up value.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁
2. If the quotient obtained is a whole number, use the value halfway between 𝑡ℎ and ( + 1) 𝑡ℎ
100 100
values when counting up from the lowest value.

Example 3:
The scores of 15 students in a 50-item third long test are 48, 41, 48, 46, 45, 39, 42, 39, 43, 47, 48, 43,
46, 45, and 47. Find P16, P62, and P85,
Solution:
● Arrange first the data from lowest to highest.
 39, 39, 41, 42, 43, 43, 45, 45, 46, 46, 47, 47, 48, 48, 48 N = 15

16(15) 240
● Solving for P16; 𝑃16 = = = 2.4
100 100
Rounding up to the next integer, P16 = 3rd score. Thus P16 = 41
62(15) 930
● Solving for P62; 𝑃62 = = = 9.3
100 100
Rounding up to the next integer, P62 = 10th score. Thus P62 = 46
85(15) 1275
● Solving for P85; 𝑃85 = =
100
= 12.75
100
Rounding up to the next integer, P85 = 13th score. Thus P85 = 48

Percentile Rank
The percentile corresponding to a given value (X) is computed by using the formula:
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑋 + 0.5
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠

Example 4:
The total number of defective items produced daily by machines in a factory in a week: 16, 26, 20, 18, 6,
10, and 6. What is the percentile rank of 18?
Solution:
Arrange first the scores from lowest to highest. 6, 6, 10, 16, 18, 20, 26
Note that there are 4 values below 18.
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑋+0.5
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒 = 100%
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠

= 4+0.5 (100) = 4.5 (100) = 0.6429 (100) = 64.29 ≈ 64

7 7
Thus 18 is in the 64th percentile.

Learning Task 1: Do as indicated.

The table shows the average monthly temperature in Metro Manila in 2013.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
oC 26 27 28 29 30 28 28 27 28 28 27 26
Answer the following:
1. Determine Q1, Q2, and Q3
2. Find the interquartile range
3. Which months lie under Q1?
4. Which months lie above Q3?

Learning Task 2: Find the indicated measures.

The numbers of winnings of 15 teams in a basketball tournament are: 56, 67, 56, 51, 55, 16,
50, 45, 45, 21, 39, 38, 30, 55 and 29.
1. D1
2. D6
3. D8
4. P30
5. P68
6. P90
7. What is the median?
8. What is the percentile rank of 55?
9. How many teams lie above P90?
10. How many teams below above P30?

Reference/s:
- MATHEMATICS Learner’s Module Grade 10 pp. 362 – 382.
- MATH TIME Activity SourceBook Mathematics Grade 10 pp. 15 – 28.

Prepared by:
MARY FRANCE O. IMPERIAL
Mathematics Teacher