Analysis of the Modern Short Story “Cat Person” Using Propp’s Narrative Theory

In literary analysis, various theories and frameworks provide valuable tools for
understanding and dissecting narratives. One such theory is Vladimir Propp’s narrative
theory, initially devised to study Russian folktales. Propp’s theory suggests that all folktales,
regarded of their cultural origin, follow a similar structure and consist of recurring narrative
elements (Propp, 1997). He identified 31 narrative functions that he believed were present in
various combinations in folktales. These functions include characters, actions, and plot points
that drive the story forward.
“Cat Person” by Kristen Roupenian was published in The New Worker in 2017 and
took the literary world by storm. This short story resonates with readers worldwide, sparking
intense discussion about modern dating, gender dynamics, and the intricate layer of human
connection. Set in the digital age, Roupenian’s narrative delves into the complexity of
modern relationships and explores the blurred lines between online personas and real-life
interactions. Through an examination of the protagonist’s experiences, the story exposes the
power dynamics, miscommunications, and self-discovery that often accompany modern
romantic encounters.
Vladimir Propp’s framework seems to be grounded in traditional folklore, but can it
be applied to a wide range of narratives, especially contemporary works? By examining the
key elements and character dynamics of “Cat Person” through Propp’s lens, we can uncover
the underlying patterns and gain fresh insights into the narrative’s structures and thematic
significance. Through this analysis, we will witness how Propp’s theory illuminates the
complexities and power dynamics inherent in Roupenian’s exploration of modern
relationships and gender dynamics.

Summary
Margot, a 20 years old college student, meets Robert while working at a movie
theatre. They exchange numbers and begin texting, leading to a series of flirtatious and
playful conversations. Eventually, they decide to go on a date.
During their date, Margot starts to feel unsure about her attraction to Robert. She
notices his physical appearance does not match the idealized image she had created in her
mind based on their conversations. Nevertheless, she goes along with the date, partly out of a
desire to avoid conflict of discomfort.
As their relationship progresses, Margot finds herself increasingly disinterested and
disconnected from Robert, but she continues to see him out of a sense of obligation and to
avoid confrontation. Their sexual encounter is depicted as uncomfortable and unsatisfying for
Margot, highlighting a significant power imbalance and the pressure to comply with
expectations.
After their encounter, Margot realizes she wants to end things with Robert. She tries
to let him down gently, but Robert’s reaction surprises and disturbs her. He becomes angry
and hostile, leaving Margot feeling unsettled and unsafe.
Analysis
According to Propp’s theory, I found 14 functions of dramatic personae appeared in “Cat
Person” as shown as follows.
1. Initial Situation
Margot, a college student, meets Robert at work and exchanges numbers.

2. Absentation
Margot goes on a date with Robert, separating herself from her usual environment

3. Interdiction
There is no explicit interdiction, but Margot starts to notice discrepancies between
Robert’s appearance and their previous interactions.

4. Violation of Interdiction
Margot ignores her reservations and proceeds with the date, entering into a
relationship with Robert.

5. Reconnaissance
Margot explores her feelings and doubts about Robert

6. Delivery
Margot and Robert engage in text conversations and go on more dates, building their
relationship.

7. Trickery
Robert’s actions and behavior start to reveal his true character, which contrasts with
Margot’s initial perception.

8. Complicity
Margot reluctantly engages in a sexual encounter with Robert, driven by social
pressure and a desire to avoid conflict.

9. Villany
Robert displays anger and hostility after the encounter, making Margot feel
uncomfortable and unsafe.

10. Lack
Margot realizes her lack of interest and connection with Robert

11. Mediation
Margot attempts to communicate her desire to end the relationship with Robert.

12. Counteraction
Robert reacts negatively and aggressively to Margot’s attempt to break up.
 13. Departure
Margot successfully separates herself from the relationship with Robert.

14. Return
Margot reflects on the experience and the impact it had on her.

It is important to note that Propp’s narrative functions are primarily suited for analyzing
traditional folktales, and applying them to a contemporary work like “Cat Person” may not
capture all the nuances and complexity of the story. Nonetheless, this simplified analysis
showcases how some of Propp’s functions can be mapped onto the narrative structure of “Cat
Person.”
Analyzing “Cat Person” through the lens of Propp’s narrative theory offers an intriguing
perspective on Kristen Roupenian’s captivating short story. While Propp’s framework was
originally designed for the study of traditional folktales, its application to contemporary
narratives like “Cat Person” highlights the enduring relevance and versatility of his idea.

https://www.canva.com/design/DAFjc97coTY/UTS44ZlowfKmWklLv3S-XA/edit?
utm_content=DAFjc97coTY&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=shareb
utton

https://youtu.be/I6QB5ELjCFo

References
Propp, V. (1997). Theory and History of Folklore. MInnesota: University of Minnesota Press.

Roupenian, K. (2017). Cat Person. New York: Random House.