CE 4032

Advanced
Concrete
Design
S T R U C T U R A L D E TA I L I N G

Pamodh Alwis, B.Sc. Eng (Hons), M.Sc., PMP, AMIE(SL)

Knowing the
essentials
Introduction

Detailing can only really begin in earnest once the final design is available.

The design requirements are normally given to the detailer in the form of design
calculations, marked up GA drawings, beam schedules or completed pro forma or
similar.

Traditionally the Designer has also been responsible for preparing the reinforcement
detail drawings and schedules. ( Designer Detailing)

Major considerations - Site constraints, relevant standards, laps, covers, concrete

grades, holes, detailing preferences, etc .

CE 4032 Pamodh Alwis 3

Information required for detailing

G e ne r al Ar r a nge m e nt ( G A) dr aw ings : t h e y m u s t b e f u l l y d i m e n s ion ed, wi t h s u ffici ent s e c ti on s

a n d d e t ai l s, a n d s h o u l d s h o w o r r e f er ence a l l n e c e ssary s e r vi c e h o l e s , p r o vi s i ons f o r d u c t s a n d
c a s t f i t ti ngs.

Pr oj e ct s pe c i fications : U n l e s s n o t e d o t h e rwi s e, t h e r e q u i rem ents o f EC2 a n d I St r uctE d e t ai l ing

m a n u a l wi l l b e d e e m e d s u i ta bl e a n d a p p l i cabl e. Sp e c i al r e q u ir em ents s h o u ld b e s t a ted ( e . g.
s e i s m ic).

D e s i gn r e quir em ents i n one of t he f ol l ow ing f or m s :

– t h e s t r u ctural d e s i gn c a l c ula tio ns
– m a r k e d -up G As : Th i s i s c o m m o n p r a c tice f o r s m a l l u n c o mp li cated p r o j ects
– e l e m e nt s c h e du les: Sk e t ch es o f t h e r e q u i red r e i n f orcem ent b y e l e m e nt
– p r e - pr inte d d r a wi n g s ( c o m pl eted p r o f or mas)
– s k e tch es a n d t a b l es i n c o rpo rated wi t h C o m p u t er Ai d e d D e s i g n ( C AD )

Presentation title 20XX 4

Reinforcement Drawings

Reinforcement drawings describe and locate the reinforcement in relation to the

outline of the concrete work and to relevant holes and fixings.

Generally, circular holes up to 150mm diameter and rectangular holes up to 150 ×

150mm in slabs or walls need not be indicated on the reinforcement drawings.

All other holes should be indicated on the reinforcement drawing and should be
trimmed, where necessary, by suitable reinforcing bars.

It is preferable that general arrangement and reinforcement drawings be kept

separate, but for simple structures a combined drawing may be appropriate

Presentation title 20XX 5

Abbreviations

RC • Reinforced Concrete NF • Near Face

blk • blockwork FF • Far Face

bwk • brickwork EF • Each Face

drg • drawing BW • Both ways

FS • Full Size B • Bottom

NTS • Not to Scale T • Top

dia or Φ • diameter CJ • Construction Joint

℄ • Centre-line EJ • Expansion joint

FFL • Finished Floor Level AP • Alternatively Placed

SFL • Structural Floor Level AS • Alternatively Staggered

EL • Existing Level UNO • Unless noted otherwise

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Thickness of Lines

The objective of using varying line thicknesses is to improve clarity by differentiation.

Concrete outlines generally and general arrangement drawings 0.35 mm

Concrete outlines on reinforcement drawings 0.35 mm
Main reinforcing bar 0.70 mm
Links 0.35 mm – 0.70 mm
Dimension lines and centre-lines 0.25 mm
Cross section of reinforcement approximately to scale

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Lettering and Spelling

Distinct and uniform letters and figures ensure the production of good, legible prints;
the style should be simple.

Capital letters should be used for all titles and sub -titles and should preferably be
mechanically produced.

Lower-case letters may be used in notes.

The spelling of all words should be in accordance with BS 6100 -6.2 or otherwise the
Little Oxford Dictionary.

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Dimensions

D i m e n s i ons s h o u l d b e wr i t t e n i n s u c h a wa y t h a t t h e y m a y b e r e a d wh e n vi e we d f r o m t h e b o t t om
o r t h e r i g h t -ha nd s i d e o f t h e d r a wi n g .

Th e y s h o u ld , wh e r e p o s si bl e, b e k e p t c l e a r o f s t r uctur al d e t a i l a n d p l a c ed n e a r t o a n d a b o ve t h e
l i n e , n o t t h r o ugh t h e l i n e .

Fo r s i t e l a yo u t s a n d l e ve l s , t h e r e c o m m ende d u n i t i s t h e m e t r e .

Fo r d e t a il in g r e i n fo rcem ent a n d t h e s p e c ifi cati on o f s m a l l s e c ti on s, t h e r e c om m end ed u n i t i s t h e

m i l l i m e tre .

I t i s n o t n e c e ssa ry t o wr i t e m m .

D i m e n s i ons s h o u l d n o r m al l y b e t o t h e n e a r e st wh o l e m i l l i m e tre .

(5.380 620.100 8.430m 4 89 426)

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Dimensions

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Levels

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Scales

general arrangements 1:100 It is quite common for a drawing to be printed

wall and slab detail 1:50 at a different scale than that for which it was
drawn. For this reason, further information
beam and column elevations 1:50 should be added indicating the original size of
beam and column sections 1:20 drawing (e.g. 1:100 for A1)

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Gridlines

A grid system provides a convenient datum for locating and referencing members, since
columns are usually placed at or near the intersection of grid lines.

Grid notation should be agreed with the architect and would normally be numbered 1, 2,
3, etc, in one direction, and lettered A, B, C, … X, Y, Z, AA, AB, etc. (omitting I and O)
in the other direction.

These sequences should start at the lower left corner of the grid system.

Supplementary grids, if required, can be incorporated within the system and identified
as
follows. Aa, Ab, Ac, Ba, 2.5, 4.2, etc.

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Gridlines - Activity

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

G e n e ra l Ar r a n ge me nt d r a wi n g s ( G As ) a r e d e ve l o p ed o ve r a p e r i o d o f t i m e a n d c o o r di nated f r o m
d i m e n si ona l i n f o rm ati on p r o vi d e d b y t h e a r c h ite ct, e n g i n ee r a n d s p e c i ali sts.

Th e d i m e n si ons s h o u l d b e c h e c ked a n d a p p r o ve d b e f o re c o m m e nci ng t h e d e t ai l in g o f

r e i n fo rcem ent.

I t i s i m p o r tant t o s e l e c t a s c a le t h a t wi l l e n a b l e t h e f i n a l d r a wi n g t o b e r e a d wi t h c l a r ity. L a r g e
f l o o r a r e a s c a n b e s p r e ad o ve r s e ve r a l d r a wi n g s a n d l i n k e d a n d r e f er enced b y m e a n s o f k e y
p l a n s.

L o c a l c o m p l e xi ti es, s u c h a s s t a i rca ses, c a n b e i s o l ate d a n d r e f e re nced t o a l a r g er s c a l e d r a wi n g .

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings - Activity

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Layouts / General Arrangement Drawings

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Reinforcement
Detailing
Notation

The position of reinforc ement should be established by dimensions to the faces of the
concrete or the formwork . The notation for specifying the layering of reinforcement should be
as follows:
Far face F1 (outer layer) F2 (second layer)
Near Face N1 (outer layer) N2 (second layer)
Bottom Face B1 (outer layer) B2 (second layer)
Top Face T1 (outer layer) T2 (second layer)

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 Activity Time

D E TA I L I N G O F S L A B S

Presentation title 20XX 32

Activity – Slab Detailing

Obtained Bending Moments As,req

Shortway, Mid Span 22.37 kNm Shortway, Mid Span 368 mm2

Shortway, Edge 29.27 kNm Shortway, Edge 483 mm2

Longway, Mid Span 16.77 kNm Longway, Mid Span 276 mm2

Longway, Edge 22.37 kNm Longway, Edge 368 mm2

Detail R/f As, pro

Shortway, Mid Span T10-200 392 mm2
Shortway, Edge T10-150 523 mm2
Longway, Mid Span T10-250 314 mm2
Longway, Edge T10-200 392 mm2

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 Activity Time

D E TA I L I N G O F B E A M S

Presentation title 20XX 34

Activity – Beam Detailing

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 Activity Time

D E TA I L I N G O F C O L U M N S

Presentation title 20XX 36

Challenges

 At beam-to-column intersections where the beam reinforcement must avoid the

column reinforcement, which is likely to be cast into the concrete before the beam
reinforcement is fixed.

 At beam-to-beam intersections where the levels of the several layers of

reinforcement in each beam must be such that they will pass over each other and
give the correct cover to the upper and lower layers.

 At slab-to-beam intersections the cover over the reinforcement in the beam must
be sufficient for the top steel in the slab to pass over the beam with the correct
cover.

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Challenges

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Detailing at intersections

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Detailing at intersections

1 . E ve r y c o l u mn b a r m u s t b e r e t a i n e d b y a l i n k
e xc e p t wh e r e t h e d i s t a n ce b e t we e n c o l u mn
b a r s i s 1 5 0 m m o r l e s s , i n wh i c h c a s e e ve r y
other bar should be retained by a link.

2 . W h e r e c o l u mn r e i n f o r c e m e n t i s b e n t o u t , e . g .
top lift of column, the position should be
c l e a r l y s h o wn i n o r d e r t o m a i n t a i n t h e c o r r e c t
c o n c r e t e c o ve r a n d c l e a r a n c e f o r s l a b a n d
b e a m r e i n f o r c e me n t .

3 . W h e r e t h e s e c o n d a r y - b e a m r e i n f o r c e me n t h a s
i n c r e a se d t o p c o ve r c h e c k t h a t t h e r e s u l t i n g
r e d u c t i o n i n l e ve r a r m i s s a t i s f a ct o r y

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Detailing at intersections

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Detailing at intersections

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Thank you

A N Y Q U E S T I O N S … ?

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