Unit 4 Topic Reviews

American Rev
Test Your Own Knowledge

How am I tracking? Do I know enough? What do I need to revise?

Mr Binz
Groups
 Mr Binz

GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GROUP 3 GROUP 5 GROUP 4

Recaps
Topic 1: British America
1. Name all New England colonies
2. Name all the middle colonies
3. Name all the southern colonies
4. What was salutary neglect?
5. How did colonial government correspond to British
governance? How was it different?
6. What was mercantilism? (and which act enforced it?)
7. Name two other acts that were part of the mercantilist
policy enforced upon the Thirteen Colonies
8. What were two effects of mercantilism in America
The Thirteen British Colonies
Familiarise yourself with the Thirteen
Colonies (p. 19 Textbook)
 New England Colonies:
 Massachusetts; New Hampshire; Rhode
Island; Connecticut
 Middle Colonies:
 New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania;
Delaware
 Southern Colonies:
 Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South
Carolina; Georgia The Thirteen Colonies
 Colonial Government in America
 The King corresponded to the colonial
Governor
 The House of Lords (Senate of
Parliament) corresponded to the colonial
Governor’s Council
 The House of Commons (Representatives
of Parliament) corresponded to the
colonial assembly (colonial
representatives/delegates)
 The Virginian House of Burgesses was
the colonial assembly of Virginia
The House of
 The Massachusetts House of Delegates
was the colonial assembly of Burgesses, Virginia
Massachusetts
Colonial Governance was Unique!
The colonial assemblies had
control of revenue and the
governor’s salary which gave
them greater control
As 80% of free males owned
property = this meant greater
political representation!
(significant)
Topic 1b Revolutionary Ideas
Briefly explain each key idea in your own words
1. Republicanism
2. Key Enlightenment ideas:
o Rousseau’s
o Social Contract
o John Locke’s
o empiricism
o two treatises
o Natural Rights
List the Colonial Responses & then the British
Responses to the colonial actions regarding:
The Stamp Act The Townshend Duties
Topic 4
Using your own knowledge, outline the
Coercive Acts
Use source analytically to
explain Coercive Acts
AOS 1 Topic 4
‘The Able
Doctor
or America
swallowing the
bitter draught’
by Paul Revere
in response to
the Acts of
1774
Textbook
p. 111

Using the source &

your own knowledge, outline
how the colonists responded
to the British Coercive Acts
in 1774.
1. Who is in the cage? Why are they being feed?
2. What do you think the individuals feeding
the group in the cage refers to?
3. Who is surrounding the cage?
4. What do the specific elements
surrounding represent?
5. How is this image useful in understanding
the situation of 1774 in Massachusetts?
 1754-63 French & Indian War

Timeline 1763
1763
Royal Proclamation Line
10,000 Regulars
1764 Sugar Act & Writs of Assistance
1. Choose two events 1765 Stamp Act
from the timeline 1765-76 Samuel Adams
that you think were 1767-70 Townshend Duties
1768 Circular Letter
the most significant
1768-70 British dissolving Massachusetts Assembly
consequences in 5 Mar 1770 Boston Massacre
contributing to the 1772 Committees of Correspondence
causes of revolution 1773 Tea Act
16 Dec 1773 Boston Tea Party
2. Explain your choice Mar 1774 Coercive Acts + Quebec Act
using detailed 1772-6 Committee of Correspondence & Safety
evidence and TEAL Sept-Oct 1774 1st Continental Congress
Sept 1774 Powder Alarms
 Study Design

Compare & Contrast

 AOS1 ‘causes’
 Key skills include the ability to:
 ask historical questions about the causes of revolution to inform a historical
inquiry
 analyse the long-term causes and short-term triggers of revolution
 use primary sources as evidence to analyse the causes of a revolution
 evaluate the significance of ideas, events, individuals and popular
movements that contributed to the outbreak consequence of the revolution
 compare a range of historical perspectives to understand how the ideas and
experiences of individuals and movements contributed to revolutionary
causes
 evaluate historical interpretations about the significant causes of a revolution
 construct arguments about the causes of revolution using primary sources
and historical interpretations as evidence.
 AOS2 ‘consequences’
 Key skills include the ability to:
 ask historical questions about the consequences of revolution to inform a
historical inquiry
 analyse the consequences of a revolution
 use primary sources as evidence to analyse the consequences of the
revolution
 evaluate the extent to which revolutionary ideals were achieved or
compromised
 compare a range of revolutionary experiences and perspectives to understand
the change brought to society and how revolution affected people differently
 evaluate historical interpretations about the significant consequences of a
revolution
 construct arguments about the consequences of revolution using primary
sources and historical interpretations as evidence.
Referencing!!!
You NEED to reference!
You NEED to REFERENCE ALL quotes either
with:
 The source it has come from e.g. (Source C)
 The perspective it has come from, if not from the
source e.g. (Lenin)
 The interpretation it has come from, if not from the
source e.g. (Figes)
You WILL lose marks if you do not do this!
Decode questions
How would you answer these questions?
Question 1 (20 marks)
a. Using Source ? and your own knowledge, outline the rights
that the colonists believed were being threatened by the British
between 1763 and 1776. (5 marks)
b. Using the Sources and your own knowledge, explain how the
acts passed by the British parliament between 1763 and 1774
led the colonists to believe their liberty was being assaulted.
(5 marks)
c. Evaluate the significance of ideas of liberty in contributing to
the outbreak of revolution. Use the sources & evidence to
support your response. (10 marks)
Sample c question introduction
Ideas of liberty were a significant factor in
contributing to the outbreak of revolution in
America, although the unwarranted British
revenue acts and the interference of British
troops would also play a large part in the
outbreak of the rebellion in 1776.
How would you answer?
Using Source and your own knowledge, explain
the reasons for increased tensions in Boston
between 1764 and 1770.
How would you answer?
Evaluate the significance of the Boston
Massacre as a cause of the American
Revolution. Use evidence to support your
response.
How would you answer?
Analyse how Samuel Adams’ actions helped
cause the American Revolution. Refer to the
sources provided and other views. Use
evidence to support your response.
How would you answer?
Using both sources and your own knowledge,
explain how colonists responded to British
taxation policies between 1765 and 1770.
How would you answer?
Analyse the significance of British
management of the colonies as a cause of the
Revolution. Use evidence to support your
response.
How would you answer?
Using the sources provided and your own
knowledge, explain how British mercantilist
policy contributed to the American Revolution.
How would you answer?
Analyse how George III’s actions helped cause
the American Revolution. Refer to the sources
provided and other views. Use evidence to
support your response.
How would you answer?
Evaluate the extent of patriot support for
‘representation’ as a cause of revolution. In
your response, refer to the sources and other
views.
How would you answer?
Evaluate the significance of the Sons &
Daughters of Liberty as a cause for the
American Revolution. In your response, refer to
the sources and other views.
Acronym
Acronym
Mc Prep
 M = Medium
 C = Context
 P = Perspective
 R = Reliability
 E = Evidence
 P = Purpose
Evaluation & Interpretation

Timeline
 Early 1774 Destruction of the tea continues in Boston

The Critical Year 1774!!! Mar 1774 Coercive Acts issued by Britain on Massachusetts

1. Choose three events from the June 1774 Quebec Act issued by Britain on Canada
timeline that you think were
the most significant causes throughout Growth of Committees of Correspondence – 11 of
in contributing to 1774 13 colonies have set them up
the revolution
July 1774 Suffolk & Fairfax Resolves
2. For each event write a one
later 1774 Committees of Safety monitor British troops and
sentence interpretation as to set up colonial militias for defence
why you think so based on your
own knowledge
Sept 1774 Powder Alarms & Massachusetts Rebellion

Sept - Oct First Continental Congress meet to respond to the

1774 Coercive Acts
 April 1775 Battle of Lexington & Concord
1775 to 1776!!! May 1775 – Second Continental Congress
stays in
session
1. Choose three events from the
timeline that you think were 15 June 1775 Continental Army established with George
the most significant causes Washington as Commander-in-Chief
in contributing to
the revolution 8 July 1775 Olive Branch Petition

2. For each event write a one 23 Aug 1775 George III’s Proclamation of Rebellion
sentence interpretation as to
why you think so based on your
own knowledge Jan 1776 Thomas Paine’s Common Sense is published

4 July 1776 Declaration of Independence is passed by Congress

Prac SAC review
Do you know the Content???
a. List all key decision made at the 1st
Continental Congress (there are only 5!)

b. List all the Coercive Acts (there are only 4!)

c. List the significant events of 1774 (there are

not very many to know!)
Add ‘why’ (analysis)
Finally, another important development in 1774 was the calling of a First Continental
Congress, which was held during the Powder Alarms (Sept 1774), a series of war scares
that almost sparked the Revolutionary War. Amongst the intense atmosphere of the Alarms,
Congress debated the Coercive Acts and Quebec Act, and the consensus was that unity was
required. After long debate and pledging loyalty to the King (Declaration of Rights &
Grievances), Congress drafted the Articles of Association (Source A) to respond to what it
deemed “the cruel, and oppressive [intolerable] acts” (Source A). The delegates agreed on
several principles: that the British had no right to tax the American colonies while they were
not represented; that British military, legal and political interference in the colonies was
unconstitutional and needed to be counteracted; and that the Quebec Act was in direct
contravention of the rights and the interests of the existing British colonies, what Source A
correctly identifies as “lives, liberty and property” (Locke’s natural rights).

Add your own interpretation – the ‘why’ (analysis)

Thus, Congress became a “revolutionary government” (Steve Thompson) and treasonous in the
Crown’s perspective.
Give your own ‘why’ (analysis)
Pretend you’ve written a topic sentence and
given relevant and accurate evidence of the
Powder Alarms (& Massachusetts rebellion)
 Now write your ‘why’ (analysis) part of your
paragraph or discussion point of why this event is
significant (include other views in your ‘why’)
 Analysis (my own
interpretation) example
Analysis/Interpretation
The Powder Alarms combined with the Massachusetts Rebellion of Sept
1774 are causes of the Coercive Acts, especially the Massachusetts
Government Act and the Administrative Justice Act as the colonials
thought depriving them of their representative assemblies was an act of
tyranny and that this violated their natural rights. According to Locke’s
Second Treatise, “the people have a right to revolt” if their liberty is
infringed upon. The Powder Alarms and Massachusetts Rebellion reveal
perhaps more than any other event that the revolution was going to
occur, the matter was only a question of time, which George III agreed on
by holding the perspective that “blows must [now] decide”. According to
Ray Raphael, the events of September 1774 are “the most successful
uprising in American history” and show that the rebellion was turning
into revolution.
Rights & Ideas brainstorm
How would you answer?
What specific rights did the colonists believed
were being threatened by the British between
1763 and 1776?
Which specific Acts passed by Parliament led
the colonists to believe their liberty was being
violated?
How did the idea of liberty help cause the
American Revolution?
Significance of Liberty
 Main driving force of revolution and rebellion
 British revenue acts seen as unjust and nothing more than a profit
venture
 Coercive Acts seen as limiting liberty
 Sugar and Stamp Acts galvanised resistance underpinned by the idea of
liberty being violated
 Britain refused to accept colonial representation
 Popular movements (Sons, Daughters, Committees) inspired by liberty
 Continental Congresses formed to respond to threats to liberty
 British standing army seen as instigator of conflict (Boston Massacre,
Powder Alarms)
 Influential individuals inspired by liberty (Henry, Adams, Paine)
 George III seen as tyrant
Make your own
Interpretation
 Write an Interpretation for Patriot Terror
Structure according to TEAL paragraph
Refer to some key events, movements, individuals, ideas
on the Study Design when providing your evidence &
analysis
Historian’s View: “committees of safety had a mandate by
Congress to enforce the boycott, but they went much
further… set up revolutionary courts to punish those that
broke the Articles of Association rules” (Farmer)
Perspective: “Give me Liberty, or give me death!” (Henry)
Write an Interpretation for idea of liberty
Structure according to TEAL paragraph
Refer to some key events, movements, individuals,
ideas on the Study Design when providing your
evidence & analysis
Historian’s View: “the 18th Century was an age of
new ideology… beliefs and fears shaped revolution”
(Bernard Bailyn)
Perspective: “Give me Liberty, or give me death!”
(Henry)
Evaluation of Causes
 Evaluation of Causes
 How significant were each of the following
in contributing to the American
Revolution? Most important
 The British Revenue Acts
 The concept of No Taxation without
Representation
 Patriot Terror (Sons & Daughters &
Committees)
 The Committees of Correspondence & Safety
 The Boston Tea Party
 The idea of Liberty
 Paine’s Common Sense
 The Powder Alarms
 The Continental Congresses
Least important
 George III
 Samuel Adams
 Treaty of Paris (1763)
 Evaluation of Causes
 To what extent did the idea of liberty
contribute to each of the following in
helping cause revolution?: Most important
 The British Revenue Acts
 The Coercive Acts
 Popular movements (Sons & Daughters
& Committees)
 The Boston Tea Party
 Standing British Army & Quartering Acts
 Paine’s Common Sense
 The Powder Alarms
 The Continental Congresses
 Patrick Henry
 Samuel Adams
 Boston Massacre Least important
 James Otis
 Proclamation Act
 Analysis - Choices
How might each of the following decisions have helped prevent
the American Revolution?
1. George III acknowledged the colonial grievances
2. Committees of Correspondence & Safety did not enforce Article of
Association
3. Samuel Adams stopped the Boston Tea Party from their destruction
of the tea in Boston
4. Thomas Gage not trying to seize militia’s gunpowder nor arrest
rebel leaders
5. British parliament accepted no representation concept and decided
to allow colonial representatives in Parliament to actually as
opposed to virtually represent themselves
6. Thomas Paine decided to move to America one year later
Evaluation
Discuss the extent to which you agree with the following
statements:
1. ‘The idea of liberty was the real cause of the American
Revolution’
2. ‘The system of monarchy was unsuited to the emerging
enlightened world. It was inevitable that it would
collapse in the 18th century, regardless of who was
Monarch or what Parliament decided’
Disagree Agree
To what Extent (3 discussion points)
Plan an argument of ‘to what extent’ you agree with
the following statements:
1. ‘The Coercive Acts were the primary cause of the
American Revolution’
2. ‘The Boston Tea Party triggered revolution’
3. ‘George III is responsible for the American
Revolution’
Disagree Agree
Evaluation (3 discussion points)
Plan an argument of ‘judgement/value’ to the
following statements:
1. Evaluate the significance of the British tax
revenue Acts in contributing to the American
Revolution
2. Evaluate how the 2nd Continental Congress
contributed to the American Revolution
Weaker Stronger
5 mark questions
Outline the reasons for calling the first
Continental Congress
Outline the causes of the Boston Tea Party
Explain the actions taken at the Second
Continental Congress
Explain how the Stamp Act created a
revolutionary situation in the colonies
Evaluation (3 discussion points)
Plan an argument of ‘judgement/value’ to the following
statements:
1. Evaluate the significance of the 1st & 2nd Continental
Congress in contributing to the outbreak of revolution.
2. Evaluate the significance of acts of rebellion by the
Sons of Liberty as a contributing cause of revolution
3. Evaluate the significance of acts of rebellion as a
contributing cause of revolution

Weaker Stronger
Analyse (3 discussion points)
Plan an argument by ‘breaking it into its different parts’
(how & why)
1. Analyse the significance of the colonial response to tax
revenue acts as a cause of revolution
2. Analyse the extent to which social groups challenged
the consolidation of the new regime
3. Analyse the extent to which the revolution brought
change to the new society
4. Analyse the significance of Shays’ Rebellion in
challenging the new regime.
 To what extent do you agree?
1. ‘The French & Indian War was the most significant cause
of the American Revolution’
2. ‘The ideas of the Enlightenment were a key factor in
causing revolutionary leaders to seek independence’
3. ‘By 1776 the relationship between Britain and the
American colonies had deteriorated to the point where
separation was inevitable’
4. ‘Issues of representation outweigh all other forces that
drove the colonists to revolution’

Disagree Agree
 To what extent do you agree?
1. ‘The British imperial policy of salutary neglect fostered
the growth of revolutionary ideas in the American
colonies’

Disagree Agree
Prac Exam causes SA
Outline how American colonists responded to
the British revenue Acts of the 1760s
Explain how the idea of ‘No Taxation without
Representation’ contributed to the
development of the revolution in America
Evaluate how changing perceptions of the
British parliament contributed to revolutionary
sentiment in colonial America
Prac Exam Consequences EE
Explain the economic challenges faced by
American society from 1776 to 1789

Explain the impact of the American Revolution

on the lives of loyalists
Roleplay
What questions do you
have for George III?
Examine the key moments
and decisions in his rule,
and devise 3 questions you
would ask him in order to
understand his motives
and actions better
 Roleplay
Imagine you are Sam Adams and
you are writing your memoir about
your role in the causes of the
American Revolution many years
after the events as an old man
What would you include? Examine
the key moments and influences in
his time as a revolutionary leader
Devise the 3 most influential
moments of Sam Adams in helping
shape the American Revolution
 Loss of
faith in the
regime

Rising and
unfulfilled expectations
of change
Poor and
Growth of
un- Revolutionary
opposition
responsive situation
to regime
leadership
Growth of revolutionary
opposition which
promise solutions

Crisis of
authority
Chronology
Reorder into correct chronology
 Circular letter  Boston Massacre
 Revised Quartering Act  George Washington made commander-in-chief of
 Quebec Act Continental Army
 Boston Tea Party  Olive Branch Petition
 Townshend Duties  Sons & Daughters of Liberty
 Stamp Act Congress  Declaratory Act
 Burning & looting of Governor Hutchinson’s House and  Tea Act
the burning of Stamp Collector Oliver’s Effigy  Powder Alarms
 Committees of Safety established to monitor Articles of  Proclamation of Rebellion
Association  Articles of Association
 Stamp Act  Declaration of Independence
 Sugar Act  Currency Act
 Proclamation Act  Provincial Congresses
 No Taxation without Representation  Patriots
 Natural Rights  Battle of Lexington & Concord
 French & Indian War  Sam Adams
 Albany Congress  Ben Franklin
 Richard Henry Lee  Patrick Henry
 John Hancock  James Otis
 Thomas Paine  King George III
Continental Army & Congress
List the main problems Washington was facing
during 1776 in regards to the state of the army
What problems did Congress face in regards to
the war situation in 1776
Articles of Confederation

Opinions?
Opinions – What did Hamilton Think?

Hamilton
Opinions – What did Jefferson Think?

Jefferson
Economic Challenges
Outline the Economic Challenges the Revolution faced
Key Challenges Significance
Outline the Economic Challenges the Revolution faced
Key Challenges Significance
Destruction

Cut ties from Britain

War debt

Recession & bankruptcy

Worthless currency

Unable to pay army

Unable to Tax nor regulate

Trade
Outline the Economic Challenges the Revolution faced
Key Challenges Significance
Destruction War destruction exposed weakness of US economy
Cut ties from Britain Find new trading partners and importance of mending
relations
War debt Exposed individualism and self-interest of the States

Recession & bankruptcy Exposed the issues with the Articles of Confederation

Worthless currency No specie; exposed the need to regulate trade; central

economy
Unable to pay army Led to severe discontent and rebellion

Unable to Tax nor regulate State interests conflict with national interests
Trade Need to tax – exposed fear of strong national gov’t
Coup
The Newburgh Conspiracy
Challenge Response Outcome