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10.1. ,QWURGXFWLRQ

6LQFH LWV LQWURGXFWLRQ LQ  E\ --3 (FNPDQQ HW DO [2] and WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI
VHYHUDO TXDQWLILFDWLRQ DSSURDFKHV WKH VR-FDOOHG recurrence plots 53V  ZHUH ZLGHO\
XVHG IRU WKH VWXG\ RI FRPSOH[ V\VWHPV LQ D YDULHW\ RI VFLHQWLILF GLVFLSOLQHV DV
SK\VLRORJ\HFRORJ\ILQDQFHRUHDUWKVFLHQFHV>@7KH53DQGUHODWHGPHWKRGRORJLHV
DUH DLPHG WR YLVXDOL]H DQG TXDQWLWDWLYHO\ DVVHVV WKH UHFXUUHQFHV RI QRQOLQHDU
G\QDPLFDO V\VWHPV )RU LQVWDQFH LI ZH FRQVLGHU D WUDMHFWRU\ {‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ }௡௜ୀଵ RI VRPH
G\QDPLFDO V\VWHP LQ LWV SKDVH VSDFH WKHQ LW LV VWUDLJKWIRUZDUG WR UHDOL]H WKDW WKH
HYROXWLRQRIWKLVV\VWHPFDQEHGHVFULEHGE\DWLPHVHULHVZKRVHFRPSRQHQWVDUHWKH
DERYH YHFWRUV 7KH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ 53 HIILFLHQWO\ YLVXDOL]HV UHFXUUHQFHV RI WKH
DQDO\]HGV\VWHPDQGFDQEHIRUPDOO\REWDLQHGIURPWKHIROORZLQJrecurrence matrix
(ܴ) [10]:
ܴ (ߝ ) ؔ ߆ ቀߝ െ ฮ‫ݔ‬Ԧ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ ฮ ቁ (1)
௜,௝ ௜ ௝ ଶ

for ݅, ݆ = 1, … , ݊ ZKHUH ݊ LV WKH QXPEHU RI measured time points ߝ LV D threshold
distance ߆(ή) LV WKH Heaviside function LH ߆(ή) = 0 if ‫ < ݔ‬0 and ߆(‫ = ) ݔ‬0
RWKHUZLVH DQGԡήԡଶ LVWKHEuclidean norm. For ߝ-UHFXUUHQWVWDWHVLHIRUVWDWHVZKLFK
are in an ߝ-QHLJKERXUKRRGLWLVSRVVLEOHWRLQWURGXFHWKHVXEVHTXHQWFRQGLWLRQ>@

‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ ൎ ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௝ ՞ ܴ௜,௝ = 1. (2)

1
&RPSXWHU/DERUDWRU\3R]QDĔ3RODQG.

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRUSLRWUZLOF]HNQHW#RQHWSO.


7KHQ WKH 53 VWUXFWXUH LV REWDLQHG E\ SORWWLQJ D EODFN GRW DW WKH FRRUGLQDWHV (݅, ݆) if
ܴ௜,௝ = 1 and DZKLWHGRWLIܴ௜,௝ = 0%RWKD[HVRIWKH53DUHLGHQWLILHGZLWKWLPHD[HV
6LQFHܴ௜,௜ = 1 E\FRQYHQWLRQWKH53KDVDOZD\VDEODFNPDLQGLDJRQDOOLQHLHWKH
OLQHRILGHQWLW\ ‫ ܫܱܮ‬0RUHRYHUWKH53LVV\PPHWULFE\GHILQLWLRQZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKH
PDLQGLDJRQDOLHܴ௜,௝ = ܴ௝,௜ 5RXJKO\VSHDNLQJWKH53REMHFWMX[WDSRVHVWKHVWDWHV
oI D QRQOLQHDU V\VWHP DW WLPHV ݅ and ݆ LH LI VWDWHV DUH VLPLODU WKHQ ܴ௜,௝ = 1 and
RWKHUZLVHܴ௜,௝ = 0.
,QWXUQWKHcross-recurrence plot &53 FDQEHXQGHUVWRRGDVDELYDULDWHH[WHQVLRQRI
WKH53DQGZDVSURSRVHGLQRUGHUWRDQDO\]HWKHGHSHQGHQFLHVEHWZHHQWZRGLIIHUHQW
QRQOLQHDUG\QDPLFDOV\VWHPVE\FRPSDULQJWKHLUVWDWHV>@1DPHO\LIZHFRQVLGHU
WZR V\VWHPV HDFK RQH UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH WUDMHFWRULHV ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ and ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ LQ WKH VDPH SKDVH
VSDFHWKHQWKHcross-recurrence matrix (‫ ܴܥ‬LVGHILQHGE\WKe condition [10]:
௫Ԧ,௬
ሬԦ
‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ (ߝ) ؔ ߆ ቀߝ െ ฮ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ ฮଶ ቁ (3)

for ݅ = 1, … , ݊ and ݆ = 1, … , ݉ ZKHUHWKHOHQJWKRIWKHWUDMHFWRULHVRIERWKG\QDPLFDO


V\VWHPV LV QRW UHTXLUHG WR EH LGHQWLFDO DQG FRQVHTXHQWO\ WKH ‫ ܴܥ‬PDWUL[ LV QRW
QHFHVVDULO\ VTXDUH 7KHQ IRU ߝ-UHFXUUHQW VWDWHV LH IRU VWDWHV ZKLFK DUH LQ DQ
ߝ-QHLJKERXUKRRGLWLVSRVVLEOHWRLQWURGXFHWKHVXEVHTXHQWFRQGLWLRQ>@
‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ ൎ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ ՞ ‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ = 1. (4)
)LQDOO\WKH&53LVREWDLQHGE\SORWWLQJDEODFNGRWDWWKHFRRUGLQDWHV (݅, ݆) if ‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ = 1
DQG D ZKLWH GRW LI ‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ = 0 7KXV LW FDQ EH HDVLO\ REVHUYHG WKDW WKH &53 VWUXFWXUH
FRPSDUHVWKHVWDWHVRIWZRQRQOLQHDUV\VWHPVDWWLPHV݅ and ݆LHLIVWDWHVDUHVLPLODU
then ‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ = 1 DQGRWKHUZLVH‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ = 0. ,QRWKHUZRUGVWKH&53REMHFWGHWHFWVWKRVH
WLPHSRLQWVZKHQ DVWDWHRIWKHILUVWV\VWHPUHFXUVWRRQHRIWKHVHFRQGV\VWHP7KHUH
LVXVXDOO\QRWDEODFNPDLQGLDJRQDOOLQHRQWKH&53VWUXFWXUHEHFDXVHWKHYDOXHVRI
WKHPDLQGLDJRQDO‫ܴܥ‬௜,௜ DUHQRWQHFHVVDULO\HTXDOWRRQH

,Q WKH SUHVHQW SDSHU ZH ZLOO VKRZ WKH XVHIXOQHVV RI WKH recurrence quantification
analysis 54$ LQLQYHVWLJDWLQJWKHSKDUPDFRORJLFDODQGSK\VLRORJLFDOQRQOLQHDUWLPH
VHULHV0RUHRYHUZHZLOOSURSRVHWRDSSO\WKHlocal binary pattern /%3 DOJRULWKP
DQG LWV XQLIRUP YDULDQW 8/%3  WR LPSURYH WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH 53 DQG &53
PHWKRGRORJLHV 7KH SDSHU LV VWUXFWXUHG DV IROORZV 6HFWLRQ  GHWDLOV WKH 54$
FRPSOH[LW\GHVFULSWRUV6HFWLRQSUHVHQWVWKHQRYHO 8 /%3-EDVHG54$FRPSOH[LW\
LQGLFHV6HFWLRQGHVFULEHVWKHGDWDVHWVDQGFRPSXWDWLRQDOSURFHGXUHZKHUHDV6HFWLRQ
LQFOXGHVWKHUHVXOWVRIWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHH[HPSODU\WLPHVHULHV)LQDOO\6HFWLRQ
FRQFOXGHVWKHSDSHU
130

7KH54$FRPSOH[LW\GHVFULSWRUV

$FUXFLDOSDUDPHWHURIWKH53DOJRULWKPLVWKHWKUHVKROGGLVWDQFHߝ [10]. According to


-3=ELOXWDQGFRZRUNHUVLWLVSRVVLEOHWRFKRRVHߝ ZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHrecurrence rate
(ܴܴ (ߝ )) of the ܴ PDWUL[ >@ )RU WKH WLPH VHULHV RI WKH OHQJWK ݊ WKLV PDWUL[-
-WKHRUHWLFDOLQGH[LVH[SUHVVHGE\WKHIRUPXOD>@

1 ௡
ܴܴ(ߝ): = ෍ ܴ௜,௝ (ߝ ). (5)
݊ଶ ௜,௝ୀଵ

,WZDVVXJJHVWHGWRVHOHFWߝ VXFKWKDWWKHܴܴ (ߝ ) FRHIILFLHQWLVDSSUR[LPDWHO\HTXDOWR


 >@ 0RUHRYHU WKH 54$ GHYHORSHG VHYHUDO FRPSOH[LW\ GHVFULSWRUV LQ RUGHU WR
DQDO\]H QRQOLQHDU WLPH VHULHV GDWD DQG WR H[WUDFW PHDQLQJIXO VWDWLVWLFV DQG RWKHU
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI WKH GDWD >@ $OO OLVWHG EHORZ 54$ LQGLFHV UHIHU WR WKH 53 REMHFW
REWDLQHGIURPDWLPHVHULHVRIWKHOHQJWK݊.

10..1. 7KHFRPSOH[LW\PHDVXUHVEDVHGRQGLDJRQDOOLQHV

The histogram of diagonal lines of length ݈ (ܲ(ߝ, ݈ ) KDVWKHIRUP>@

௡ ௟ିଵ
ܲ(ߝ, ݈ ) ؔ ෍ ቀ1 െ ܴ௜ିଵ,௝ିଵ (ߝ )ቁ ቀ1 െ ܴ௜ା௟,௝ା௟ (ߝ )ቁ ෑ ܴ௜ା௞,௝ା௞ (ߝ ). (6)
௜,௝ୀଵ ௞ୀ଴

,QWKHUHVWRIWKHSUHVHQWDUWLFOHWKHV\PEROߝ ZLOOEHRPLWWHGIURPWKH54$PHDVXUHV
IRU WKH VDNH RI VLPSOLFLW\ LH ܲ(݈ ) = ܲ(ߝ, ݈ )  7KHQ WKH determinism (‫ )ܶܧܦ‬of the
53 VWUXFWXUH LV LGHQWLILHG ZLWK WKH UDWLR RI UHFXUUHQFH SRLQWV WKDW FRQVWLWXWH GLDJRQDO
VWUXFWXUHV RIDWOHDVWOHQJWK݈௠௜௡ WRDOOUHFXUUHQFHSRLQWV>@LH

σ௡௟ୀ௟೘೔೙ ݈ܲ(݈ ) 
‫ؔ ܶܧܦ‬ .
σ௡௟ୀଵ ݈ܲ(݈ )

7KLV GHVFULSWRU LV DLPHG WR TXDQWLI\ WKH SUHGLFWDELOLW\ RI WKH G\QDPLFDO V\VWHP ,Q
WXUQ WKH average diagonal line length (‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡  RI WKH 53 VWUXFWXUH WKHlength of the
longest diagonal line (‫ܮ‬௠௔௫  IRXQG LQ WKH 53 DQG LWV inverse LH WKH VR-caOOHG
divergence – ‫ ܸܫܦ‬DUHH[SUHVVHGE\WKHVXEVHTXHQWFRQGLWLRQV>@
131

σ௡௟ୀ௟೘೔೙ ݈ܲ(݈ )
‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡ ؔ ௡ ,
σ௟ୀ௟೘೔೙ ܲ(݈ ) (8)

೗ ௡
‫ܮ‬௠௔௫ ؔ max൫{݈௜ }௜ୀଵ ൯ 

DQGE\
1
‫ؔ ܸܫܦ‬ (10)
‫ܮ‬௠௔௫

ZKHUH݊௟ ؔ σ௟ஹ௟೘೔೙ ܲ(݈ ) UHIHUVWRWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIGLDJRQDOOLQHVUHVSHFWLYHO\,I


LQ WKH FRPSXWDWLRQ RI WKH ‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡ LQGH[ ZH H[FOXGH WKH PDLQ GLDJRQDO OLQH WKHQ WKH
UHVXOWDQWGHVFULSWRULVGHQRWHGE\WKHV\PERO‫ିܮ‬௠௘௔௡ . ,IZHLGHQWLI\WKHprobability of
௉(௟)
finding a dLDJRQDOOLQHRIWKHOHQJWK݈ LQWKH53VWUXFWXUHZLWKWKHIRUPXOD‫ؔ ) ݈(݌‬ 
௡೗

then the Shannon entropy of this distribution (‫ ܴܶܰܧ‬LVGHILQHGDV>@



(11)
‫ ؔ ܴܶܰܧ‬െ ෍ ‫ ) ݈(݌‬ln ‫) ݈(݌‬.
௟ୀ௟೘೔೙

$IXUWKHUGHVFULSWRUXVHGWRTXDQWLWDWLYHO\DVVHVVWKH53REMHFWLVWKHratio (ܴ‫)ܱܫܶܣ‬
GHILQHGDVWKHUDWLREHWZHHQ‫ ܶܧܦ‬and ܴܴ)RUPDOO\WKLVLQGH[KDVWKHIRUP>@

σ௡௟ୀ௟೘೔೙ ݈ܲ(݈ )
ܴ‫݊ ؔ ܱܫܶܣ‬ ଶ
. (12)
(σ௡௟ୀଵ ݈ܲ(݈ ))ଶ

The ܴܴ PHDVXUH FRPSXWHG IRU D FHUWDLQ OLQH SDUDOOHO WR WKH‫ ܫܱܮ‬ZLWK WKH GLVWDQFH ߬
IURP WKH‫ ܫܱܮ‬LV FDOOHG WKH ߬-recurrence rate (߬ െ ܴܴ). The ߬ െ ܴܴ IRU WKH GLDJRQDO
OLQHVZLWKWKHGLVWDQFH߬ IURPWKH/2,LVJLYHQE\WKHIRUPXOD>@
௡ିఛ ௡ିఛ
1 1
ܴܴఛ ؔ ෍ ܴ௜,௜ାఛ = ෍ ݈ܲఛ (݈ ) (13)
݊െ߬ ݊െ߬
௜ୀଵ ௟ୀଵ

ZKHUHWKHV\PEROܲఛ (݈) UHIHUVWRWKHQXPEHURIGLDJRQDOOLQHVRIWKHOHQJWK݈ on each


GLDJRQDOܴ௜,௜ାఛ SDUDOOHOWRWKH‫ܫܱܮ‬1DPHO\߬ = 0 FRUUHVSRQGVWRWKHPDLQGLDJRQDO
߬ > 0 WRGLDJRQDOVDERYHDQG߬ < 0 WRGLDJRQDOVEHORZWKH‫ ܫܱܮ‬LHܴ௜ା|ఛ|,௜ 7KHQ
DOLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQFRHIILFLHQWRYHUWKH߬ െ ܴܴ RIWKHGLDJRQDOVSDUDOOHOWRWKH‫ ܫܱܮ‬DV
D IXQFWLRQ RI WKH GLVWDQFH EHWZHHQ WKHVH GLDJRQDOV DQG WKH ‫ ܫܱܮ‬LV FDOOHG WKH trend
(ܴܶ‫ ܦܰܧ‬DQGLVGHILQHGDV>@
132

ത ݊ത
σ௡ఛୀଵ ቀ߬ െ ቁ (ܴܴఛ െ ‫ܴܴۃ‬ఛ ‫)ۄ‬
2
ܴܶ‫ؔ ܦܰܧ‬ (14)
ത ݊ത ଶ
σ௡ఛୀଵ ቀ߬ െ ቁ
2
ZKHUH݊ത < ݊ DQGWKHV\PERO‫ۃ‬ή‫ ۄ‬GHQRWHVWKHDYHUDJHYDOXH

 7KHFRPSOH[LWy PHDVXUHVEDVHGRQYHUWLFDOOLQHV

7KH WRWDO QXPEHU RI YHUWLFDO OLQHV RI WKH OHQJWK ‫ ݒ‬LQ WKH 53 LV FDOFXODWHG IURP WKH
IROORZLQJKLVWRJUDP>@
௡ ௩ିଵ

ܲ(‫ ؔ )ݒ‬෍ ൫1 െ ܴ௜,௝ ൯൫1 െ ܴ௜,௝ା௩ ൯ ෑ ܴ௜,௝ା௞ . (15)


௜,௝ୀଵ ௞ୀ଴

7KHQ WKH UDWLR EHWZHHQ WKH UHFXUUHQFH SRLQWV FRQVWLWXWLQJYHUWLFDO VWUXFWXUHV DQG WKH
HQWLUH VHW RI UHFXUUHQFH SRLQWV LV NQRZQ DV WKH laminarity (‫ )ܯܣܮ‬of the RP object.
)RUPDOO\WKLVGHVFULSWRULVGHILQHGDV>@
σ௡௩ୀ௩೘೔೙ ‫)ݒ(ܲݒ‬
‫ؔ ܯܣܮ‬ . (16)
σ௡௩ୀଵ ‫)ݒ(ܲݒ‬
0RUHRYHU WKH maximal length of vertical lines (ܸ௠௔௫  LQ WKH 53 VWUXFWXUH DV ZHOO DV
WKH DYHUDJH OHQJWK RI YHUWLFDO OLQHV ܸ௠௘௔௡  LQ WKH 53 REMHFW DUH JLYHQ E\ WKH
FRQGLWLRQV>@


ܸ௠௔௫ ؔ ݉ܽ‫ݔ‬൫{‫ݒ‬௟ }௟ୀଵ ൯ 
ZKHUH݊௩ LVWKHDEVROXWHQXPEHURIYHUWLFDOOLQHVDQG
σ௡௩ୀ௩೘೔೙ ‫)ݒ(ܲݒ‬
ܸ௠௘௔௡ ؔ ௡ , (18)
σ௩ୀ௩೘೔೙ ܲ(‫)ݒ‬
UHVSHFWLYHO\(TXLYDOHQWO\WKHܸ௠௘௔௡ FRPSOH[LW\GHVFULSWRULVFDOOHGWKHtrapping time
[10].

10.3. 7KHQRYHO 8 /%3-EDVHG54$FRPSOH[LW\GHVFULSWRUV

7KHUHFXUUHQFHDQGFURVV-UHFXUUHQFHPDWULFHVZKRVHGHILQLWLRQVLQFOXGHWKHWKUHVKROG
GLVWDQFH ߝ FDQ EH UHJDUGHG DV WKH thresholded UHFXUUHQFH DQG FURVV-UHFXUUHQFH WZR-
-GLPHQVLRQDO DUUD\V %HVLGHV WKHVH WKUHVKROGHG REMHFWV LW LV SRVVLEOH WR GHILQH WKH
133

unthresholded recurrence matrix (ܷܴ DVZHOODVWKHunthresholded cross-recurrence


matrix (ܷ‫)@> ܴܥ‬RUPDOO\IRUDQRQOLQHDUG\QDPLFDOV\VWHPLWVܷܴ PDWUL[KDVWhe
IRUP>@

ܷܴ௜,௝ ؔ ฮ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ ฮଶ 


for ݅, ݆ = 1, … , ݊ ZKHUH݊ LVWKHQXPEHURIPHDVXUHGWLPHSRLQWV,QWXUQLIZHVWXG\
WZRG\QDPLFDOV\VWHPVHDFKRQHUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHWUDMHFWRULHV‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ and ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ LQWKHVDPH
SKDVHVSDFHWKHQWKHLUܷ‫ ܴܥ‬PDWUL[LVJLYHQE\WKHFRQGLWLRQ>@
௫Ԧ,௬
ሬԦ
ܷ‫ܴܥ‬௜,௝ ؔ ฮ‫ݔ‬Ԧ௜ െ ‫ݕ‬Ԧ௝ ฮଶ (20)

for ݅ = 1, … , ݊ and ݆ = 1, … , ݉ ZKHUHWKHOHQJWKRIERWKWUDMHFWRULHVLVQRWUHTXLUHGWR


EH LGHQWLFDO DQG WKHUHIRUH WKH ܷ‫ ܴܥ‬DUUD\ LV QRW QHFHVVDULO\ VTXDUH 0RUHRYHU WKH
HQWULHV RI ERWK XQWUHVKROGHG PDWULFHV FDQ EH WUDQVIRUPHG DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH IROORZLQJ
UXOHV>@

࣯࣬௜,௝ ؔ ݁ ି௎ோ೔,ೕ (21)


and
ሬԦ,೤
ೣ ሬሬԦ
௫Ԧ,௬
࣯ࣝ࣬௜,௝ ؔ ݁
ሬԦ ି௎஼ோ೔,ೕ
, (22)

UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHVXOWDQWQHJDWLYHO\H[SRQHQWLDOO\WUDQVIRUPHGPDWULFHVDUHGHQRWHG
E\ WKH FDOOLJUDSKLF OHWWHUV 7KXV IRU YHU\ VLPLODU VWDWHV WKH YDOXHV RI WKH HQWULHV RI
ERWKPDWULFHVQHDURQHDQGIRULGHQWLFDOVWDWHVWKH\DUHH[DFWO\HTXDOWRRQH,Q WXUQ
IRU YHU\ GLVVLPLODU VWDWHV WKH YDOXHV RI WKH HQWULHV RI ERWK WZR-GLPHQVLRQDO DUUD\V
DSSURDFK ]HUR >@ 0RUHRYHU LQ WKH SUHVHQW SDSHU ZH SURSRVH WR GLYLGH WKH YDOXHV
RIWKHHQWULHVRIERWKWUDQVIRUPHGPDWULFHVLQWRWHQHTXLYDOHQFHFODVVHV7KHVHFODVVHV
DUH LGHQWLILHG ZLWK WKH YDOXHV   «   DQG WKH UHVXOWDQW coarse-grained
XQWKUHVKROGHG UHFXUUHQFH DQG FURVV-UHFXUUHQFH PDWULFHV DUH GHQRWHG E\ WKH V\PEROV
࣯ܿ݃࣬ and ࣯ܿ݃‫ ࣬ܥ‬UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,Q GHWDLOV XVLQJ WKH QRWDWLRQ RI WKH IRUP
‫࣯࣬{ א ܯ‬, ࣯‫ } ࣬ܥ‬and ܿ݃‫࣯࣬݃ܿ{ א ܯ‬, ࣯ܿ݃‫ }࣬ܥ‬WKH HTXLYDOHQFH FODVVHV LH WKH
HQWULHVRIERWKFRDUVH-JUDLQHGPDWULFHVDUHGHILQHGE\WKHFRQGLWLRQVLQFOXGHGLQ7DEOH
1 2 1H[W ZH SURSRVH WR UXQ WKH local binary pattern /%3  DOJRULWKP DQGRU LWV
VLPSOLILHG FRXQWHUSDUW RQ ERWK XQWKUHVKROGHG PDWULFHV DQG WKHLU FRDUVH-grained
FRXQWHUSDUWV LQ RUGHU WR REWDLQ WKH QRYHO DUUD\V ZKRVH HQWULHV DUH -digit binary
numbers XVXDOO\FRQYHUWHGWRdecimal numbers IRUFRQYHQLHQFH5HFDOOWKDWWKH/%3

2
,Q7DEOHWKHV\PERO‫ ר‬UHIHUVWRWKHORJLFDOconjunction.
134

WHFKQLTXH LV D W\SH RI YLVXDO WH[WXUH GHVFULSWRU XVHG IRU FODVVLILFDWLRQ WDVNV LQ WKH
UHDOP RI computer vision >   @ $OWKRXJK WKH /%3 PHWKRGRORJ\ VWDUWHG LQ
>@WKHSUHVHQWFRQWULEXWLRQFDQEHUHJDUGHGDVDILUVWDWWHPSWWRDSSO\WKH/%3
DOJRULWKPDQGLWVPRGLILHGYDULDQWLQWKHDQDO\VLVRIWKHQRQOLQHDUG\QDPLFDOV\VWHPV
IRULQVWDQFHLQVWXG\LQJWKHGRVH-UHVSRQVHWLPHVHULHVGDWD
7DEOH
7KHIRUPDOFRQGLWLRQVGHILQLQJWKHFRDUVH-JUDLQHGXQWKUHVKROGHGPDWULFHV
ENTRY CONDITION ENTRY CONDITION
ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.1 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ < 0.1 ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.6 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.5 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.6
ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.2 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.1 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.2 ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.7 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.6 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.7
ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.3 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.2 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.3 ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.8 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.7 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.8
ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.4 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.3 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.4 ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.9 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.8 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.9
ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 0.5 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.4 ‫ܯ ר‬௜,௝ < 0.5 ܿ݃‫ܯ‬௜,௝ = 1 ‫ܯ‬௜,௝ ൒ 0.9

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of the ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ REMHFWIRUPWKHODVWFROXPQRIWKH‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ PDWUL[6RPHXVHIXOH[WHQVLRQRI
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࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ UHVSHFWLYHO\,QWXUQWKHIHDWXUHYHFWRUVDQGWKHLUPDWUL[FRXQWHUSDUWVGHULYHG
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ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ DQGE\‫ܤ‬ହଽ ‫ܤ‬ହଽ ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ UHVSHFWLYHO\

([DPSOH For the 6-HOHPHQWWLPHVHULHV‫( = ݏݐ‬2, 6, 4, 9, 0, 5)LWVܷܴ PDWUL[DQGLWV


QHJDWLYHO\H[SRQHQWLDOO\WUDQVIRUPHG࣯࣬ GHULYDWLYHKDYHWKHIRUPV
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 4 2 7 2 3
ተ2 4 0 2 3 6 1ተ
ܷܴ = 3 2 2 0 5 4 1,
ተ4 7 3 5 0 9 4ተ
5 2 6 4 9 0 5
6 3 1 1 4 5 0
136

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 0.018 0.135 0.001 0.135 0.05
ተ2 0.018 1 0.135 0.05 0.002 0.368ተ
࣯࣬ = 3 0.135 0.135 1 0.007 0.018 0.368 ,
ተ4 0.001 0.05 0.007 1 0 0.018ተ
5 0.135 0.002 0.018 0 1 0.007
6 0.05 0.368 0.368 0.018 0.007 1
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1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
ተ2 0.1 1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4ተ
࣯ܿ݃࣬ = 3 0.2 0.2 1 0.1 0.1 0.4 .
ተ4 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 0.1 0.1ተ
5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 0.1
6 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 1
7KHIHDWXUHYHFWRUVREWDLQHGE\WKH/%3DQG8/%3DSSURDFKHV KDYHWKHIRUPV
࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ = {58, 58, 58, 56, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 57, 56, 58, 57, 58},
࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ = {17, 226, 197, 254, 142, 17, 235, 93, 71, 175, 17, 255, 254, 117, 255, 17},
௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ = {58, 58, 57, 57, 58, 58, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58}
and
௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
= {17, 226, 255, 255, 142, 17, 255, 255, 255, 255, 17, 255, 255, 255, 255, 17},
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1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 58 58 58 56 1 17 142 71 254
࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ = ተተ 2 58 58 58 ተ , ‫ܤ‬ ࣯࣬
58ተ ଶହ଺ ተ 2= ተ 226 17 175 117ተተ
3 58 58 58 57 3 197 235 17 255
4 56 58 57 58 4 254 93 255 17
and
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 58 58 57 57 1 17 142 255 255
= ተተ 2 57ተተ , ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ = ተተ 2 226 17 255 255ተተ,
௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ 58 58 57
3 57 57 58 57 3 255 255 17 255
4 57 57 57 58 4 255 255 255 17
UHVSHFWLYHO\


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௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯஼࣬ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
࣯࣬
ܸ‫ א ܤ‬൛ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
, ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
, ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
, ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ , ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ൟ (23)

DQGLWVPDWULFL]HGGHULYDWLYH‫ ܤ‬LQVWDQWLDWHGE\WKHFDVHV
࣯࣬ ࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬ ࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬ ௖௚࣯஼࣬ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ א ܤ‬൛‫ܤ‬ହ଼ , ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ , ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ , ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ , ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ , ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ൟ (24)

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LQ6XEVHFWLRQVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\

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WKHIROORZLQJFRPSOH[LW\GHVFULSWRUV

10.3.1.1. The arithmetical mean (‫ۃ‬ή‫ ۄ‬LH

|௏஻|
1
‫ؔ ۄܤܸۃ‬ ෍ ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ (25)
|ܸ‫|ܤ‬
௜ୀଵ

ZKHUH‫ۃ‬ή‫ ۄ‬UHIHUVWRWKHDULWKPHWLFDOPHDQDQG|ܸ‫ |ܤ‬LVWKHOHQJWKRIWKHVWXGLHGYHFWRU

10.3.1.2. The variance (ܸܽ‫ ݎ‬LH

|௏஻|
1
ܸܽ‫ؔ )ܤܸ(ݎ‬ ෍(ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ െ ‫)ۄܤܸۃ‬ଶ . (26)
|ܸ‫|ܤ‬
௜ୀଵ
138

10.3.1.3. The coefficient of variation (‫  ܸܥ‬DOVR NQRZQ DV WKH relative standard
deviationLH

ඥܸܽ‫)ܤܸ(ݎ‬
‫ؔ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬ . 
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬

10.3.1.4. The *LQLLQGH[ (‫ ݅ܩ‬LH

|௏஻|
2 σ௜ୀଵ ܸ݅‫ܤ‬௜‫כ‬ |ܸ‫ |ܤ‬+ 1
‫ؔ )ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬ െ (28)
|ܸ‫ |ܤ‬σ|௏஻|
௜ୀଵ ܸ‫ܤ‬௜
|ܸ‫|ܤ‬

ZKHUHܸ‫ܤ‬௜‫ כ‬GHQRWHVWKHYHFWRURIWKHܸ‫ܤ‬௜ YDOXHVDUUDQJHGLQQRQ-GHFUHDVLQJRUGHULH


ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ ൑ ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ାଵ .

10.3.1.5. The structural information content (‫  )ܤܸ( ܫ‬DOVR NQRZQ DV WKH parametric
entropy > @ 7R SUHVHQW WKLV LQGH[ WKH VXEVHTXHQW DX[LOLDU\ QRWLRQV PXVW EH
LQWURGXFHG)LUVWZHGHILQHWKHIROORZLQJTXDQWLW\>@

ܸ‫ܤ‬௜
‫ܤܸ(݌‬௜ ) ؔ |௏஻|
. 
σ௝ୀଵ ܸ‫ܤ‬௝

In &KHPLFDO*UDSK7KHRU\WKHTXDQWLW\H[SUHVVHGE\WKHFRQGLWLRQ  LVNQRZQDV
the information functional DQGLVLGHQWLILHGZLWKDpositive and monotonous IXQFWLRQ
WKDWFDSWXUHVVWUXFWXUDOLQIRUPDWLRQLQFOXGHGLQDchemical graph E\GHILQLQJWKHILQLWH
SUREDELOLW\ YDOXH IRU HDFK JUDSK QRGH ,Q WKLV FDVH WKH LQSXW IHDWXUH YHFWRU LV
LGHQWLILHGZLWKVRPHVHTXHQFHRIWKHYHUWH[LQYDULDQWV>@1H[WIURPWKHUHDVRQ
WKDWWKHIROORZLQJHTXDWLRQ‫ܤܸ(݌‬ଵ ) + ‫ܤܸ(݌‬ଶ ) + ‫ ڮ‬+ ‫݌‬൫ܸ‫|ܤ‬௏஻| ൯ = 1 LVa priori YDOLG
LW IROORZV WKDW WKH YHFWRU ܲ(ܸ‫ = )ܤ‬ቀ‫ܤܸ(݌‬ଵ ), ‫ܤܸ(݌‬ଶ ), … , ‫݌‬൫ܸ‫|ܤ‬௏஻| ൯ቁ FRQVWLWXWHV
a finite probability distribution,WVVWUXFWXUDOLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWHQWLVH[SUHVVHGE\WKH
IROORZLQJIRUPXOD>@
|௏஻|
ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ ܸ‫ܤ‬௜
‫ ؔ )ܤܸ( ܫ‬െ ෍ |௏஻|
log ଶ ൭ |௏஻|
൱. (30)
σ
௜ୀଵ ௝ୀଵ
ܸ‫ܤ‬௝ σ ௝ୀଵ ܸ‫ܤ‬௝

10.3.1.6. The mean information content (‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫) @ >  )ܤ‬LUVW ZH GHILQH WKH
HTXLYDOHQFHUHODWLRQ؄ RQWKHDQDO\]HGYHFWRUJLYHQE\WKHFRQGLWLRQܸ‫ܤ‬௜ ؄ ܸ‫ܤ‬௝ ՞
ܸ‫ܤ‬௜ = ܸ‫ܤ‬௝ 7KHUHIRUHLWLVSRVVLEOHWRREWDLQWKHSDUWLWLRQRIܸ‫ܤ‬ZKHUHWKHUHVXOWDQW


SDUWLWLRQV DUH V\PEROL]HG E\ ܸ‫ܤ‬ଵ , ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶ , … , ܸ‫ܤ‬௛ , … , ܸ‫ܤ‬௞ ZKHUH ݇ ൑ |ܸ‫ |ܤ‬,Q WKLV
ห௏஻೓ ห
FRQWH[WWKHTXDQWLWLHV‫݌‬௛ = |௏஻|
for ݄ ‫{ א‬1,2, … , ݇} FDQEHUHJDUGHGDVSUREDELOLWLHV
IRUHDFKVLQJOHGRXWSDUWLWLRQܸ‫ܤ‬௛ 0RUHRYHULWLVDSSDUHQWWKDW0 ൑ ‫݌‬௛ ൑ 1 DVZHOODV
σ௞௛ୀଵ ‫݌‬௛ = 1 $FFRUGLQJO\ WKH YHFWRU ܲ(ܸ‫݌( = )ܤ‬ଵ , ‫݌‬ଶ , … , ‫݌‬௛ , … , ‫݌‬௞ ) FDQ EH DOVR
WUHDWHG DV D finite probability distribution RYHU WKH ܸ‫ ܤ‬REMHFW ,WV PHDQ LQIRUPDWLRQ
FRQWHQWLVJLYHQE\WKHH[SUHVVLRQ>@

‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫ ؔ )ܤ‬െ ෍ ‫݌‬௛ log ଶ ‫݌‬௛ . (31)


௛ୀଵ

7KXVIRUDQ\IHDWXUHYHFWRUܸ‫ ܤ‬ZKLFKFDQEHSDUWLWLRQHGLQWR݇ PDQ\GLVMRLQWVXEVHWV


RI WKH FDUGLQDOLWLHV HTXDO WR |ܸ‫ܤ‬௛ | for ݄ ‫{ א‬1,2, … , ݇} ZH REWDLQ WKH IROORZLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQ-WKHRUHWLFDOFRPSOH[LW\PHDVXUH>@

|ܸ‫ܤ‬௛ | |ܸ‫ܤ‬௛ |
‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫ ؔ )ܤ‬െ ෍ log ଶ ቆ ቇ. (32)
|ܸ‫|ܤ‬ |ܸ‫|ܤ‬
௛ୀଵ

1RWHWKDWWKHVWUXFWXUDODQG PHDQLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWHQWFRPSOH[LW\LQGLFHVGHILQHGRQ
WKHJUDSKFHQWUDOLW\PHDVXUHVZHUHVXFFHVVIXOO\XVHGWRTXDQWLI\WKHLQWULFDF\RIWKH
FRPSOH[QHWZRUNVZLWKUHVSHFWWRWKHVHYHUWH[LQYDULDQWV>@

The matrix-EDVHGFRPSOH[LW\PHDVXUHV

)RUWKHPDWUL[‫ ܤ‬ZKRVHURZVDQGFROXPQVDUHLQGH[HGE\݅ ‫{ א‬1, 2, … , ݊ െ 2} DQGE\


݆ ‫{ א‬1, 2, … , ݉ െ 2}UHVSHFWLYHO\ZHZLOOWHVWWKHIROORZLQJPDWUL[-EDVHGFRPSOH[LW\
GHVFULSWRUV

10.3.2.1. The Frobenius norm (ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி )LH

ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி ؔ ඥ‫)ܤ ்ܤ(ݎݐ‬ (33)



ZKHUH‫(ݎݐ‬ή) UHIHUVWRWKHWUDFHIXQFWLRQZKHUHDVWKHVXEVFULSW GHQRWHVWKHPDWUL[
WUDQVSRVLWLRQ

10.3.2.2. The maximum norm (ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ LH

ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ ؔ maxห‫ܤ‬௜.௝ ห. (34)


௜,௝
140

10.3.2.3. The maximum absolute column sum norm (ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ LH


௡ିଶ

ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ ؔ max ൭෍ห‫ܤ‬௜,௝ ห൱ . (35)



௜ୀଵ

10.3.2.4. The maximum absolute row sum norm (ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ LH

௠ିଶ

ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ ؔ max ቌ ෍ ห‫ܤ‬௜,௝ หቍ. (36)



௝ୀଵ

10.3.2.5. The spectral norm (ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ LH

ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ ؔ ߪ௠௔௫ (‫)ܤ‬ 

ZKHUHߪ௠௔௫ LVWKHODUJHVWVLQJXODUYDOXHRI‫ܤ‬.

10.3.2.6. The UDQN(‫ )ܤ(݇ݎ‬LH

‫ ؔ )ܤ(݇ݎ‬the number of non െ zero singular values. (38)

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VHULHVFODVVLILFDWLRQWDVNH[SHULPHQWVSUHVHQWHGLQ6HFWLRQ

.7KHGDWDVHWVDQGFRPSXWDWLRQDOPHWKRGRORJ\

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the time lag ZHUHVHWWRWZRWZRRQHDQGWR]HURUHVSHFWLYHO\$OOFRPSXWDWLRQVZHUH
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7KH /3% DQG 8/3% DOJRULWKPV ZHUH UXQ RQ WKH PDWULFHV   DQG   7KH PDWUL[
 ZDVREWDLQHGIURPWKHUDZWLPHVHULHVZKHUHDVWKHPDWUL[  ZDVREWDLQHGIURP
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the UDQJHIURP]HURWRRQH ,QWKHWDEOHVEHORZWKHQDPHVRIWLPHVHULHVDUHLGHQWLILHG
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7DEOH2
7KH54$UHVXOWVIRUILYHWLPHVHULHV
INDEX $%(0$&,&/, $/3(/,6, %/(20<&, CEDIRANI '$6$7,1,
% % N % %
ܴܴ   0.608 0.625 0.562
ܴ‫ܱܫܶܣ‬  0.696  0.688 0.646
‫ܶܧܦ‬  0.435  0.604 0.562
‫ܸܫܦ‬    0.688 
‫ܮ‬௠௔௫     
‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡ 0.686 0.652 0.451 0.562 0.583
ି
‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡ 0.6 0.522   0.604
‫ܴܶܰܧ‬  0.565 0.608 0.688 
ܴܶ‫ܦܰܧ‬  0.543   0.542
‫ܯܣܮ‬  0.696 0.588  0.5
ܸ௠௔௫  0.696   
ܸ௠௘௔௡    0.688 0.604
142

7DEOH
7KH54$UHVXOWVIRUIRXUWLPHVHULHV
INDEX (72326,'( (9(52/,086 ,3$7$6(57,% ECG
ܴܴ 0.64 0.66  
ܴ‫ܱܫܶܣ‬ 0.64 0.62  0.56
‫ܶܧܦ‬ 0.48 0.6 0.51 
‫ܸܫܦ‬    0.64
‫ܮ‬௠௔௫   0.551 0.615
‫ܮ‬௠௘௔௡ 0.54 0.54  0.585
‫ିܮ‬௠௘௔௡ 0.64 0.66  
‫ܴܶܰܧ‬ 0.6 0.6 0.51 
ܴܶ‫ܦܰܧ‬ 0.6 0.62  0.6
‫ܯܣܮ‬ 0.58 0.62  
ܸ௠௔௫ 0.66 0.66  0.66
ܸ௠௘௔௡   0.551 0.63

7DEOH4
The 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU$EHPDFLFOLEXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬  0.608    0.608 0.608 
ܸܽ‫   )ܤܸ(ݎ‬0.608 0.804   0.412 
‫   )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬     
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬ 0.608 0.608 0.686     
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.451     0.608  
‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫)ܤ‬   0.608 0.824    
7DEOH5
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU$EHPDFLFOLEXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯࣬ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி      0.686 0.608 
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.588    0.824   0.686
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ 0.608 0.824 0.608 0.608 0.608  0.608 0.608
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ   0.608 0.686   0.608 
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ      0.686 0.608 
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬ 0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608    
7DEOH6
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU$OSHOLVLEXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.565 0.522 0.543 0.5    0.5
ܸܽ‫  )ܤܸ(ݎ‬0.565  0.565  0.652 0.543 
‫ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.522   0.63   0.565 
‫ܤܸ ݅ܩ‬ ( )   0.63 0.522  0.5 0.522 0.5
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.543 0.522   0.5 0.5 0.5 0.63
‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫)ܤ‬ 0.630 0.652  0.565 0.565  0.543 0.565
143

7DEOH
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU$OSHOLVLEXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி     0.522  0.63 0.543
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.63 0.565 0.5  0.543   0.543
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫      0.522  
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ   0.522 0.652 0.63   
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ 0.652 0.63 0.543  0.543   
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬      0.63  

7DEOH8
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU%OHRP\FLQXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.451   0.51 0.608   
ܸܽ‫  ܤܸ ݎ‬0.588 
( )  0.588   
‫   )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.608 0.608   0.451 
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬ 0.51 0.608   0.608 0.51  0.608
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬    0.431   0.451 
ҧ‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬     0.333  0.431 

7DEOH
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU%OHRP\FLQXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி  0.51    0.51  0.608
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ      0.451  
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ 0.608  0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ 0.51 0.588 0.588  0.588  0.608 
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ 0.608   0.588  0.451 0.431 0.588
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬ 0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608  0.686 0.51 0.451

7DEOH10
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU&HGLUDQLEXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯࣬ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.562 0.604 0.604 0.521 0.646 0.583 0.646 0.604
ܸܽ‫   )ܤܸ(ݎ‬0.542  0.583 0.5 0.625 
‫ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.688 0.646 0.688 0.646  0.583 0.604 
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬  0.604  0.562 0.562 0.542  0.625
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.646 0.646  0.542  0.542 0.583 0.562
‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫)ܤ‬ 0.562 0.542  0.5 0.5 0.562 0.688 0.458
144

7DEOH11
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU&HGLUDQLEXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி 0.604 0.625 0.625 0.646 0.5 0.458 0.646 0.688
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.646    0.625 0.5 0.438 0.583
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ 0.646  0.646 0.646 0.646 0.688 0.646 0.646
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ  0.604 0.583  0.458 0.625 0.688 
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ 0.604 0.562 0.438 0.688 0.625 0.542 0.542 0.562
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬ 0.646 0.646 0.646 0.646  0.604  

7DEOH12
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU'DVDWLQLEXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.604 0.688 0.646 0.458   0.562 0.542
ܸܽ‫  ܤܸ ݎ‬
( ) 0.5 0.625 0.562 0.604  
‫ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.562 0.688 0.604 0.562 0.604  0.438 
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬ 0.646 0.562  0.5 0.521 0.562 0.438 
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬  0.688  0.583 0.646 0.521 0.521 0.583
ҧ‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.562 0.625 0.604 0.646 0.521 0.625 0.625 0.562

7DEOH13
The 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU'DVDWLQLEXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி 0.625 0.562 0.583 0.583 0.5 0.625 0.562 0.5
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.562 0.5 0.542 0.542 0.562 0.542  0.583
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ 0.646  0.646 0.646 0.646  0.646 0.646
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ 0.604 0.583 0.625 0.604  0.562 0.604 
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ 0.604 0.542 0.625 0.625   0.562 0.542
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬ 0.646 0.646 0.646 0.646 0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625

7DEOH14
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU(WRSRVLGHXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.64 0.5 0.44 0.56 0.6 0.56 0.64 0.54
ܸܽ‫ )ܤܸ(ݎ‬0.62 0.66 0.56 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.58
‫ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.62 0.54 0.6 0.56 0.5 0.68 0.52 0.56
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬   0.54 0.5 0.6 0.58 0.5 0.48
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.62 0.52 0.68 0.56 0.5 0.54 0.38 0.66
‫( ܫ‬ҧ ܸ‫)ܤ‬ 0.42 0.4 0.64 0.58 0.52  0.54 0.48
145

7DEOH15
The 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU(WRSRVLGHXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி 0.64 0.5 0.52 0.56 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.62
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.54  0.62 0.34 0.64
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡ௠௔௫ 0.62  0.62 0.62 0.62 0.44 0.62 0.62
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡஶ 0.66 0.42 0.58 0.56 0.68 0.62 0.62 0.62
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଵ 0.6 0.68 0.44 0.48 0.46 0.62 0.58 0.5
‫)ܤ(݇ݎ‬ 0.62 0.62 0.64 0.64  0.8 0.52 0.48

7DEOH16
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU(YHUROLPXVXVLQJWKHYHFWRU-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬ ௖௚࣯࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼࣯஼࣬ ࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
ܸ‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
‫ۄܤܸۃ‬ 0.66 0.5 0.42 0.56 0.6 0.56 0.62 0.54
ܸܽ‫ܤܸ ݎ‬( ) 0.62 0.66 0.56 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.46 0.58
‫ )ܤܸ( ܸܥ‬0.62 0.54 0.6 0.56 0.5 0.68 0.52 0.56
‫)ܤܸ(݅ܩ‬   0.54 0.5 0.6 0.58 0.5 0.48
‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.62 0.52 0.68 0.56 0.5 0.54 0.38 0.66
ҧ‫)ܤܸ( ܫ‬ 0.42 0.4 0.64 0.58 0.52  0.54 0.48

7DEOH
7KH 8 /%3-EDVHG54$UHVXOWVIRU(YHUROLPXVXVLQJWKHPDWUL[-EDVHGGHVFULSWRUV
,QGH[ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼ ࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺ ௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ହ଼
௖௚࣯஼࣬
‫ܤ‬ଶହ଺
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡி 0.64 0.5 0.52 0.56 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.62
ԡ‫ܤ‬ԡଶ 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.54  0.62 0.34 0.64
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