For Printing Thesis Student Fare

UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
“Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin
Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political
Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional
Campus”
A Thesis Presented to
The Faculty of the Political Science Department
University of Caloocan City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Submitted by:
Ecay Roselyn V.
Lastima Leila
Maglay Rosario
Miday Carla
Olaso John Nathaniel
Submitted to:
John Paul T. Mendoza
Research Adviser
A.Y 2022-2023
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page i
RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION
This thesis titled “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in
Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in
Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North
Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn V., Lastima
Leila Marie, Maglay Rosario, Miday Carla Joy and Olaso John Nathaniel in partial
fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
has been examined and is hereby recommended for defense.
_____________________________________
PROF. JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA
Adviser
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019
in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts
in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North
Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn V., Lastima
Leila Marie, Maglay Rosario, Miday Carla Joy and Olaso John Nathaniel, has
been approved by the panelist on defense with a grade of _________ on
_______
Ecay Roselyn V.
Lastima Leila
Maglay Rosario
Miday Carla
Olaso John Nathaniel
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor
of Arts in Political Science.
The students University of Caloocan City fully PASSED the thesis defense.
__________________________________
PROF. JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA
Research Adviser
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page iii
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I hereby certify that this thesis titled “Implementation of Student Fare
Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th
year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan
City North Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn
V., Lastima Leila Marie, Maglay Rosario, Miday Carla Joy and Olaso John
Nathaniel is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no
material previously written or published by another person or organization nor
any material which has been accepted for award and any other degree or
diploma from a university or institution, except where due acknowledgement is
made therefore.
Furthermore, I declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the
product of my work although I received assistance from others on the manner of
organization, language and style.
Ecay Roselyn V. Miday Carla

Lastima Leila Olaso John Nathaniel
Maglay Rosario
Researcher
Date: _____________
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page ii
Attested by:
PROF.JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA
Adviser
Date: __________________
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to acknowledge and give warmest
appreciation to the following persons who have contributed and supported them
in the achievement and completion of this study entitled " Implementation of
Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to
3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Students at the University
of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus".
To start with, we would love to praise God for giving us an unconditional
strength to undertake this research study. To God be the glory.
To our Professor, Mr. John Paul T. Mendoza, to whom we would like to
express our sincerest gratitude on, for he made this work possible by letting us
indulge in the depth of this study. His advice, patience, lessons, and
determination to teach us, have led to the creation of this research. We would
not be able to push through our paper journey if not without his guidance, help,
and words of wisdom.
To Ms. Romalyn Adrao, our grammarian, who gave time to review our
research tool in terms of grammar checking in expense-free, despite his tight
schedule, we are grateful for you.

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page iv
To our statistician, Mr. Christopher Retoria, who makes time to meet us
personally and virtually just to make sure we are doing good and functioning as
a team. Not only he helps us in one certain part, but he extends to the farthest
of his capabilities.
Besides the mentioned ones, to our previous Professor and title research
panel, Mr. Chris Cordinete and Mr. Ryan Christopher Fancubila for sharing their
inputs and giving a better idea for our own benefit and convenience.
Next would be Professor Rey Jetajobe for the approval of our
questionnaire that abled us to conduct data gathering.
Thesis meetings do not only workout virtually as we mostly need to see
each other personally. With that said, we would like to acknowledge our family
as well for letting us out in times of academic call and their endless support
emotionally, physically, and financially.
Lastly, from the bottom of our hearts, we sincerely acknowledged the
respondents of 3rd year and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in
University of Caloocan City- North Congressional Campus for contributing
genuine data and welcoming us to their community. Without their participation,
this thesis could have never been completed.

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page v
DEDICATION
This paper is sincerely dedicated to our parents who have been there from
the very beginning and taught us to be persistent regardless of hardships at
school. Them, who became our inspiration to override the obstacles we go
through every once in a while. The world would not have seen another glimpse
of the respondents' point of view if they did not give us life.
We also dedicate this study to our research adviser, Mr. John Paul T.
Mendoza for his perseverance in making us strive be the better researchers by
giving us challenges we need to concur.
Lastly, we dedicate this research to the society. In light of this paper, we
hope for a better implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas
Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda.
Research Team
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page vi
ABSTRACT
Title: “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin
Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus.”
Researcher: ECAY, ROSELYN V.
LASTIMA LEILA MARIE
MAGLAY ROSARIO
MIDAY CARLA JOY
OLASO JOHN NATHANIEL.
Degree: Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Adviser: PROF. JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA
Year: 2022-2023
This study assesses the implementation of student fare discount along
Vicas Camarin Bagumbong toda to the 3rd and 4th year Students of political
science North Campus. The Researcher utilize the descriptive method of
research in Gathering the data of the respondents and Purposive sampling as
the sampling technique. The results of the study shows that there is a
mechanism that allows student to get a student fare discount to Tricycles, some
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page vii
of those mechanism are saying the “ phrase “estudyante po” although it is not
the only way to avail discount, presenting ID is not a requirement in availing the
discount and Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services conduct information
dissemination on the implementation of student fare discount.
There is support for the Tricycle drivers in that area because of Majority
of the drivers always observe granting student fare discount to students.
However, the granting of student fare discount is limited to taking ride with other
students, when it comes to special trips, students are not being given discount
by tricycle drivers. with regards to the aims of the law to encourage students to
pursue quality education and to attend school, Students are not encouraged to
attend school due to student fare discount or motivated to go to school even with
limited allowance knowing that there is a student fare discount but majority of
them admit that they save a fair amount of money due to student fare discount.
The implementation of student fare discount was described by the respondents
as Fair or Satisfactory.
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION i

APPROVAL SHEET ii
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT vi
DEDICATION v
ABSTRACT vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES . xii
Chapter 1. The Problem and Its Background 1
Background of the Study 5
Theoretical Framework 7
Conceptual Framework 8
Statement of the Problem 9
Hypotheses 10
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 11
Significance of the Study 12
Definition of Terms 14
Chapter 2 Reviews of Related Literature and Studies 16

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page ix
Synthesis of the Reviewed Studies 24
Chapter 3 Research Methodology 28
Research Design __ 28
Respondents of the Study 28
Sampling technique 29
Data Gathering Procedures 29
Statistical Treatment of Data 30
Research Instrument 32
Chapter 4 Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data 33
Part I: Demographic Profile 33
Part II: Factors that indicates the effectiveness of the implementation
of student fare discount 34
Part III: Measurements of the actions done to implement student fare
discount and how effective are the overall implementation 40
Chapter 5 Summary of the findings, Conclusion, and
Summary of Findings 46
Conclusion 47
Recommendation 49
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page x
BIBLIOGRAPHY 52
APPENDICES 54
Appendix 1: Statistician Certificate 54
Appendix 2: Grammarian Certificate 55
Appendix 3: Survey questionnaire 56
CURRICULUM VITAE 59
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Likert Scale Scoring 31
Table 2: Likert Scale’s Degree of Influence 32
Table 3: Respondents Identification 33
Table 4: Employment Status of the respondents 34
Table 5: Factors that indicates the effectiveness of implementation of student
fare discount 34
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Research Paradigm 8

Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
Commuting on a Public Utility Vehicle has been an integral part of a
college student's daily life. Commuter students are defined as those who do not
live-in institution-owned housing on campuses. They make up more than 85%
percent of today’s college students. Jacob (2020). The total number of college
students in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the Philippines is about 33%
as stated by Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Chairperson de Vera.
Since most students rely on public transportation hugely, they also
experience all the problems of mass transportation. Aside from the long-standing
problems of traffic congestion, and insufficiency of supply of Public Utility
Vehicles as oppose to passenger’s demand, The major problem that may have
a downright effect on a student, especially in their allowance, is Fare hike due to
oil price hike. Data coming from Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) States that
the inflation rate in October 2022 continued to rise up to 7.7%, Transport inflation
Sharing 15.7% of the Total inflation.
Because of the oil price hike, Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB) approved additional fare increase in public transport,
last October 3, 2022 in Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ's), bring the minimum fare
for traditional Public Utility Jeepney up to P12, and the modern Public Utility
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT Page 2
Jeepney up to P14 and It also approved an additional fare per University of
Caloocan City succeeding kilometer, up by P0.30 for traditional Jeepney to P1.80,
and by P0.40 for modern Jeepney to P2.20.
The Government is not unaware of the predicament as stated above that
the students may encounter if they will not be given support or incentives in Fare
discount since according to the Data used by the lawmaker Bam Aquino, based
on the result of the study conducted by Philippine Association of State University
and Colleges (PASUC) that up to 77 percent of students from majority of SUCs
come from a family earning minimum wage income or less. Much importantly the
Constitution Mandates in Article XlV section 2 paragraph 3 that the state shall
establish and maintain a system of scholarship grants, students loan programs,
subsidies and other incentives which shall be available to deserving students both
in Public and Private Schools especially the underprivileged. Because of that since
1991 there has been a number of Department order and memorandums that gives
student fair discount to students and lately it has been institutionalized in a law.
Department Order Series of 1991 (DO 98, S. 1991), which gives 25%
discount for students, but elementary and High school level can only avail the
discount on weekdays while college students are only entitled to the discount from
Monday to Saturday only. The Public Utility Vehicles that are covered by the
Department Order was also only Buses and Jeepneys. Land Transportation
Franchising and Regulatory Board Memorandum Circular (MC 2005-014) states

that students may only be granted fare discounts during the school year from
Mondays to Fridays. This cannot be availed of on weekends, summer breaks and
holidays. Memorandum Circular 2005-014 was further amended by Memorandum
Circular No. 17-024 which extend the coverage of the discount. Issued on October
2017, it states that students can avail of the 20-percent discount from Monday to
Sunday, including summer breaks, legal and special holidays.
In April 17, 2019 the granting of student fair discount Has been
institutionalized into a law. Republic Act 11314, also known as the Student Fare
Discount Act signed by Former President Duterte provides a 20% discount on all
land Public-utility vehicles such as jeepneys, buses, tricycles, taxis, Metro Rail
Transit Corporation (MRT), and Light Rail Transit Corporation (LRT) including
Transport Network Vehicle Services or (TNVS) like grab, to all students from
primary to tertiary level of education, excluding post graduate studies. It further
enlarges its scopes by including aircraft and marine vessels and further
strengthens its teeth by much more stringent penalties.
However, reports about overcharging drivers remains rampant both in
Tricycles, like a tricycle resulting in being impounded after a driver was found guilty
of overcharging its passengers in Manila. Tianco (2020). Also, a group of Jeepney
drivers charged as much as 15 pesos for minimum fare along Fairview Quezon
city to Marcos Highway, Pasig City, according to reports received by Land
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, who conducted enforcement

activities after receiving reports. Likewise, Non-observance of Republic Act
11314, or not granting fare discount to students or not giving them proper
discounts in accordance to 20% discount by Public Utility Vehicles especially
Tricycles is also a persistent issue that has yet to be resolved.
The researchers want to assess to the students of University of North
Campus, the implementation of Republic Act 11314, being the students are the
main beneficiary and grantee of the act and they are the one responsible in
availing the discounts. The reasons why the researchers conducted this study are
to: To know the status quo or the current situation on the implementation of the
student fare discount on tricycle along Vicas Congressional Road, Determine the
efficiency rate of the implementation of Republic Act 11314 on the said area and
determine also the lapses, deficiency and good practices based on the result of
the data gathered. and lastly, gather data that will be beneficial for the City of
Caloocan and Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board for Policy
Enhancement.
With this, the researcher conducts this study in order to assess the
Implementation of Republic Act 11314 otherwise known as Student fare discount
of 2019 in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor
of Arts in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North.

Background of the Study
A Republic Act is a piece of legislation that is used to set policy in order to
carry out the Constitution's ideals. It is written, passed by the Philippine Congress,
and signed by the Philippine President. It may only be repealed by a comparable
legislative act, as stated in the Official Gazette. Republic Act 11314, otherwise
known as the Student Fare Discount Act of 2019, was passed by the Senate of
the Philippines and the House of Representatives on February 6, 2019 and
February 7, 2019, respectively.
On April 17, 2019, Republic Act 11314 was signed by the former President
Rodrigo "Roa" Duterte. In addition, it was made to encourage students, particularly
the poor and underprivileged, to pursue quality education to secure their future
and make them responsible citizens, as provided in Section 2. Any Filipino person
who is currently enrolled in a fully approved elementary, secondary, technical-
vocational, or higher education school is referred to as a "student." It excludes
people participating in postgraduate degree programs as well as informal short-
term courses such as dance, swimming, music, and driving classes, as well as
seminar-type courses. Also, this law provided a 20% discount on all public-utility
vehicles such as jeepneys, buses, tricycles, taxis, Metro Rail Transit Corporation
and Light Rail Transit Corporation including grabs to all students from the primary
to the tertiary level of education, excluding postgraduate studies Angara (2019).

On the other hand, even though Republic Act 11314, or the Student Fare
Discount Law, is already implemented, there are still drivers who do not observe
the 20% student fare discount. Non-compliance by drivers and operators is
rampant in public transportation, especially in jeepneys and tricycles. This is very
forbidding, because this law is very important to the students of the University of
Caloocan City- North Congressional Campus, as it will actually help them to
lessen their daily expenses to school, and also students said that their budget for
their snacks and food lunch are affected by this issue, especially since there is an
increase in the minimum public transportation fare and higher domestic pump
prices, among others, are expected to push the domestic inflationary pressures.
But according to Section 9 of the Student Fare Discount Act 2019, a student can
file a complaint if the drivers refuse to give them a 20% discount.
As a further matter, to balance out the effects of the student discount,
according to Section. 7 of the Student Fare Discount Act 2019, the law gives the
public transportation system operator the right to claim as a tax deduction the
student fare discount based on the cost of the services rendered. And to give
additional relief or support for the Public Transportation System Operator and
Driver, under the provision of Section 8 of the Student Fare Discount Act 2019.
Also, according to Section. 12 of the Student Fare Discount Act 2019, any person
who is trying to avail or attempts to avail of the 20% discount through the use of
falsified identification documents or any other form of misrepresentation shall be
denied and may be subject to civil and penal liabilities as prescribed by law.
Theoretical Framework
To examine the implementation of Republic, Act 11314 in Public Utility
Jeepneys and tricycle through the students, compliance is a fundamental aspect
that we wanted to observe through the Jeepney and Tricycle drivers, if they are
observing the said law as well as if the students are availing the 20% discount.
The researchers use the socio-economic theory on regulatory compliance by
Sutinen and Kuperan (1999).
Sutinen and Kuperan (1999) created the Determinants of Compliance
theory (CDO) by combining theories from economics with theories from
Psychology and Sociology having the goal to study both the internal and external
motivations that affects the choice of an individual to comply to a given policy or
regulation. The theory suggest that an individual violates only if the benefits less
the expected cost of violating exceeds or equal the benefits of compliance;
otherwise, the individual complies. This means that if a law has low penalties, or
the cost of violating is bearable on the part of the violator even if the benefits of
compliance is high or there are a lot of incentives given in complying with the law,
there is greater tendency for a person to violate, however vise-versa if there is
much more stricter penalties than the benefits of compliance or even the benefits
of compliance equals the expected cost of violation, a person has a higher chance
to comply.
Conceptual Framework
The INPUT of this study is the Implementation of Student Fare Discount
Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year
Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City
North Congressional Campus. The research PROCESS includes submitting all
communication letters to the adviser for review and signature, submitting all
approved communication letters to the concerned offices, validation of survey
questionnaires, distribution of approved research questions to respondents,
compiling all of the information gathered and interpreting the data gathered from
respondents. The OUTPUT of this research is the recommendation to Vicas
Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda and the enhancement of Republic Act 11314
otherwise known as Student fare discount of 2019 in Tricycle and evaluation of
tricycles drivers in the implementation of student discounts and ways and actions
to strictly follow the Republic Act 11314

Figure. 1 Research Paradigm
Statement of the Problem
The study entitled “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in
Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional
Campus” aims to identify the relationship of the major variables of interest related
to the study. The study would seek to answer the following questions:
1. Demographic profile
How do the respondents assess the implementation of Republic Act 11314
otherwise known as Student fair discount of 2019 based on the following variables:
1.2 Year level
1.4 Employment status

2. How do the respondents assess the implementation of Republic Act 11314
based on the following variables:
a. Established a mechanism that ensures the mandatory grant of a student
fair discount privileged;
b. Enlist the cooperation and support of public transportation utilities in
extending assistance to students as a social responsibility through the
observance of this privileged; and
c. Encourage students, particularly the poor and underprivileged, to pursue
quality education to secure their future and make them responsible citizens.
3. How efficient was the implementation of student fare discount Act to Tricycles
from Cong today Terminal Residents Association in Caloocan.
Hypothesis of the study
There is a significant difference in the perception of the students of the
University of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus when it comes to the
implementation of Republic Act 11314 or otherwise known as Student Fare
Discount Act when the profile variables are considered.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This section of the study provides the context of the topic as to what is the
only scope of the paper and up to what extent to which the research area will be
explored and specifies the parameters within which the study will be operating.
This research focuses on Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in
Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional
Campus. This study aims to identify the relationship of the major variables of
interest related to the study. As a result, the focus of this study was primarily on
the respondents’ insights and opinions.
This research will be conducted in Congressional Rd Ext, Barangay 171,
University of Caloocan City-North Congressional Campus through survey. The
selection of the respondents is limited to only 3rd year and 4th year Bachelor of
Arts in Political Science in the University for the school year 2022-2023. The total
number of respondents will only be 100 individuals. It will comprise surveys and
collection of necessary data through voluntary compliance of the respondents.
Such measures will be conducted with the consent of both the respondents and
official representative of the Political Science Department.

Significance of the Study
The study was conducted to establish illumination about the
Implementation of Republic Act 11314 otherwise known as Student fare discount
of 2019 in Tricycle and Jeepney’s in student of University of Caloocan City in North
Congressional Campus. And the researchers believed that this study would
benefit the following:
City Government of Caloocan Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services
Office This study is significant to the City Government of Caloocan's Tricycle
and Pedicab Regulatory Services Office because if the tricycle drivers fail to grant
the 20% student fare discount, the students can file a complaint with this specific
agency of the Local Government Unit.
Tricycle Drivers. This study will benefit tricycle drivers. It is significant to the
drivers because, under the IRR of this Act, other alternative ways exist, such as
but not limited to, reduction or exemption from some regulatory fees and charges,
to provide additional relief or support for the benefit of public transportation utility
operators, including the drivers, with the end view of mitigating the impact of the
discount given.
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board. This study is
significant to the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board because
if the jeepney drivers do not grant the 20% student fare discount, the students can
file a complaint with their agency. In addition, Land Transportation Franchising
and Regulatory Board Is one of the implementing bodies of the statute under this
study, they will be able to evaluated their implementation of the said law based on
the data gathered by the researchers, and improve certain aspect that may prove
out to be lacking in their implementation
Lawmakers. The information presented will enable them to evaluate the effects
of implementing Republic Act 11314 for the students of the University of Caloocan
City- North Congressional Campus. In this manner, they can conduct a review to
determine which specific sections need to be revised in order to strengthen the
act when it comes to implementation.
Parents. The research benefits the parents, as they are the ones who provide for
the students' allowances.
Public Utility Operators. This will help them reduce their taxes. As provided in
Section 7, Tax Deduction, the cost of the discount shall be allowed as a deduction
from gross income for the same taxable year that the discount is granted.
Provided, further, that the total amount of the tax deduction, net of value-added
tax, if applicable, shall be included in their gross sales receipts for tax purposes
and shall be subject to proper documentation and to the provisions of the National
Internal Revenue Code, as amended.

Students. This will serve as their basis for knowing more about the 20% student
fare discount act. It will also encourage them to exercise their privilege in availing
of the said discount to lessen their daily expenses in transportation matters.
Researchers. This study is crucial for the researchers because they conducted it.
They will gain new knowledge, information, and skills by engaging in this study.
Further to that, they can also serve as a guide or instrument for future researchers
when it comes to studying the student fare discount act.
Future Researchers. The ideas presented may be used as reference data in
conducting new research regarding student fare discounts. Furthermore, it will
also serve as their guide for their study.
Definition of Terms
Department Order S. 1991. A guideline supporting on Student Fare Discount,
which gives 25% discount for students, but elementary and High school level can
only avail the discount at weekdays while college students are only entitled of the
discount from Monday to Saturday only
Discounted fare. A fare whose value is reduced below that which would
otherwise ordinarily be charged for that fare and such fare shall be a discounted
fare only for the period of the reduction. For students, 20% of the total fare is
reduced.
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board. Responsible for
promulgating, administering, enforcing, and monitoring compliance of policies,
laws, and regulations of public land transportation services.
Lawmakers. Refers to those who imposed Republic Act 11314 or otherwise
known as Student Fare Discount
Privilege. Refers to a right given to those students benefiting from REPUBLIC
ACT 11314 or Student Fare Discount Act.
Public Utility Vehicles. Refers to tricycles.
Republic Act. Refers to Republic Act 11314 otherwise known as the students fare
discount act.
Special. Especially in tricycles usually calls for traveling solo rides.
Students. Refers to the student of the University of Caloocan City- North
Congressional Campus.
Tricycles. Refers to the public transportation used by the students of the
University of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus specifically Vicas,
Bagumbong, and Congress Toda.
Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services. Refers to the institution under Local
Government Unit responsible for Tricycles and Pedicabs.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
The review of related literature and studies provides the researcher
insights, new knowledge, new idea coming from the earlier works which have
a significant importance to this present study because the researchers will use
to support in the discussion, conclusion, and recommendation.
According to an article, Angara assesses that the congress has long
before wanted to give a privilege of fare discounts to all Filipino students,
because they acknowledge that fares in land public transportation have been
one of the major expenses of students. With the signing of Republic Act 11314
on April 17, 2019, he claimed that more than 30 million students will benefit from
the said law and their families.
Additionally, Poe asked for cooperation to the concerned government
agencies to properly implement the student fare discount law and assured
students their full benefits, while at the same time commitments to the transport
sector, such as tax deductions and subsidies, are fulfilled and the rights of the
drivers and operators are not ignored.
In the same manner, Cuenco (2022), Cebu city councilor and Chairman of
Committee on Transportation and Communications advocates that driver should

honor the student fare discount, in support to that member of the Cebu City
Council passed a resolution authored by Cuenco, that mandates all public
transportation operators, cooperatives and companies to strictly observe the
granting of discounts on domestic regular fares to all students. Land
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board in central Visayas have also
conducted information dissemination on that matter.
According to San Juan (2019) narrates that in a congressional hearing on
June 2019, lawmakers demand Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board to investigate the transport network company Grab Philippines of alleged
violations including its Non-observance of REPUBLIC ACT 11314 which include
them on the coverage of that law to grant 20% discount to students. Land
Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board chairman responds by issuing
Show Cause Order (SCO) to MyTaxi.PH Inc., the local unit of Grab.
In the Philippines, investments in the former are seven times greater than
the latter, and informal indigenous public transport modes which are more
accessible to the poor are disregarded or have more restrictive policies compared
to private vehicle ownership (Mateo-Babiano 2016)
Furthermore, according to (Domingo et al) Looking on public services,
there is a poor regulatory framework with the prevalence of small private operators
leading to market inefficiencies, and aggressive drivers owing to the “boundary

system” where their daily income is based on their number of passengers.
Underlying this in developing countries like Sri Lanka and the Philippines are the
bus operators who are well-connected personalities, military officers, celebrities,
or are politicians themselves, hence the absence of strong political commitment
and resistance to rationalize public bus transport
The study conducted by Hwang et al. (2020) on the availability of student
fare discount reveals that public utility Jeepney (PUJ's) highly observe the
discount, while TNVS such as Grab rank the lowest in observance of the discount.
Only a small number of students have experienced refusal of student discount,
the most common reason is when they don't have an ID or the driver outrightly
refuses to give them a discount.
A research study by Cendana, Bustillo et al. (2018) Highlighted that
discount for students as well as other discounted Passengers, will automatically
be given if the use of smart cards fare payment will be adapted in Public Utility
Buses (PUB) furthermore their research states that 71% of their respondents
agreed that it will be more convenient for students to avail of discounts with the
aid of new technology.
The 47th annual report of National Tax Research Center (2019) concludes
that the passage of RA 11314, institutionalized fare discount on all kinds of public
transport systems notwithstanding the government agency regulating it. It

enhances the privileges and benefits currently enjoyed by the students through
several MCs implemented by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory
Board (LTFRB), in addition, the law gives the public transportation utility operator
the right to claim as a tax deduction the student fare discount based on the cost
of the services rendered.
The aforementioned right to deduct a portion of the discount from taxes
from the gross revenue is meant to persuade the participation of entities that offer
services to students' as well as additional public assistance or support to drivers
and operators of a transportation utility.
Miguel, J. T., Lucielle, B.G.F., et al. (2018) Their Study concluded that
Public Utility Vehicle Operators, Drivers and Passengers are fully complying with
the Road Safety Precaution. Moreover, it is concluded that the main factor which
contributes to Road accidents is Driver’s Negligence.
Memorandum Circular No. GC-2019-01 (2019) is the Implementing Rules
and Regulation of R.A 11314 on Maritime Industry Authority or MARINA, it
indicates that the coverage of the circular was all domestic passenger ships
including those plying within the BIMP-EAGA region with Filipino students on
board. The domestic shipping companies/owners/operators of passenger carrying
ships are mandated to conspicuously display signage's that will serve us
information dissemination on the grant of passenger fare discounts to students. In

addition, all complaints and refusal by shipping companies/operators/owners to
grant the privilege shall be reported to the administration through the Franchising
Unit Section of the nearest Maritime Industry Authority or MARINA Regional
Office.
Student Fare discount importance was emphasized in the study conducted
by Jacubucchi (2018) Their data reveals that if a mandatory unlimited student fare
semester pass is implemented, students will choose to use transit more frequently.
In total, 56 per cent of students surveyed indicated that the unlimited semester
pass would cause them to ride transit more frequently.
In Minneapolis, a study conducted by Fan and Dias (2017) finds out that
the Student Pass program has been successful in providing a number
educational, economic, and societal benefits. These include: benefits for students
at and away from school, financial savings for Minneapolis Public Schools (MPS),
time savings for families, and promoting positive attitudes towards transit and
equity benefits for students from under-resourced families. This study looks at the
effects of the Minneapolis, Minnesota Student Pass program, which allows high
school students to travel normal route buses and light rail for free starting at 5 a.m.
in the morning. to 10 p.m. daily throughout the academic year.
Conversely, in a study by Lachapelle and Pratte (2022) in Montreal
Quebec, only University students under the age of 26 years old benefited from
discount transit passes. It has been demonstrated in the past that some student
transit discounts enhance use of public transportation and cut down on driving.
Overall, younger students who had access to subsidized transit passes traveled
by transit more frequently than they did by car or other active modes. However,
the relationship between near age restriction and pass access are not significant.
Memorandum Circular No. GC-2019-01 (2019) is the Implementing Rules
and Regulation of R.A 11314 on Maritime Industry Authority or MARINA, it
indicates that the coverage of the circular was all domestic passenger ships
including those plying within the BIMP-EAGA region with Filipino students on
board. The domestic shipping companies/owners/operators of passenger carrying
ships are mandated to conspicuously display signage's that will serve us
information dissemination on the grant of passenger fare discounts to students. In
addition, all complaints and refusal by shipping companies/operators/owners to
grant the privilege shall be reported to the administration through the Franchising
Unit Section of the nearest Maritime Industry Authority or MARINA Regional
Office.
According to Charlotte West (2021), the vast majority of U.S. college
students are commuters, many of whom struggle with getting to and from their
classes on a daily basis. Transportation can account for almost 20 percent of the
cost of college for commuters, according to the College Board; 87 percent of all
first-year students live off campus, the nonprofit Higher Learning Advocates
estimates. At a time when colleges are increasingly focused on how to get and
keep students enrolled and on a path to a degree, some of the most surprising
challenges are not academic but logistical.
According to Price (2021), something as simple as affordable, reliable
transportation can mean the difference between a student finishing college or not.
There are four ways transportation poses barriers for students: because of the
cost; because stops or stations aren’t close enough to where they live or work;
because available routes and times don’t sync with college schedules; and
because it’s unreliable, one study found. Providing reduced-fare transit passes
can reduce the time it takes these students to graduate. That cuts the cost of their
education and “means they’re more quickly going to be able to get into the
workforce to support their families. At a time when more strategies are needed to
get students to and through colleges, transportation ought to be one of those
strategies.
According to Povich (2022), transportation is a major barrier for students
with low incomes who are pursuing higher education, especially those attending
community colleges in rural areas. In many cases, logistical challenges, rather
than academic ones, prevent students from earning a degree. Even for community
colleges that are accessible by public transit, such as the Community College of
Baltimore County campus in Essex. The cost of transportation also can be a
challenge for community college students from families with low.
According to Sefularo Masechaba (2022), students anxious about impact
of taxi fare hikes. Students in Mabopane and surrounding areas near Pretoria who
rely on public transport to get to their institutions of learning said they were already
spending over R1,000 monthly on transport. The recent petrol price hike would
negatively affect them. Commuters have been subjected to taxi fare increases
since the beginning of the month with operators saying the steep price of petrol
informed the decision.
According to Motsepe Kearabilwe (2022), from Ga-Rankuwa said with the
erratic payment of the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) funding
they sometimes have to pick between getting to school and a meal." a week and
I have to come to school every single day, I don't have to miss my classes
otherwise I will fail, so it's affecting us a lot." Motsepe said the government financial
support to struggling students should be adjusted to match the rising cost of living.
According to Ifti Hasib (2021), Ur Rashid university students support
themselves financially through tuition. After academic fees, rent and savings, they
can barely afford the delicacy of personal transportation. Rickshaws are too
expensive and ride sharing is out of the equation. Buses end up being the most
reliable commute for our youth. With the recent hike of bus fares, students will
have to reevaluate their options. Travelling from their home to university, from one
tuition to another, buses are the sole choice for students who are usually on a
budget. Increased bus fares means that the already large chunk of their pocket
money that is spent on transportation is about to get larger. This limits their scope
of saving up and spending on their hobbies, get-togethers and other recreational
activities. Given the pressure intensive nature of education these days, a reduction
in leisure activities could result in deteriorating mental health conditions, in a city
where recreation for young people is already too expensive, if at all available. For
middle class families especially, increasing their children's pocket money might
spell trouble, and many families will choose to forego this necessity.
Synthesis of Reviewed Related Literature and Studies
The cited articles mentioned that there are four ways that transportation
can be a barrier for students. First, because of the price. Second, because stops
or stations aren't located close enough to their places of residence or employment.
Third, because the routes and hours are not compatible with college students, and
lastly, because it is unreliable,
The cited articles indicate who will benefit the Republic Act 11314,
specifically the students that were listed in the said law. Cited articles also
mentioned the proper implementation, and problems, including the consequences

of those violators, if they violate the said law. Senators calls the institutions
responsible for proper implementation of the student fare discount. With the
signing of Republic Act 11314 on April 17, 2019, more than 30 million students
will benefit from the said law and their families. Angara (2019). However, due to
crisis specially today’s real-time situation because of covid-19, a lot of us were
struggling where we can find money for day-to-day needs. As an ordinary student,
Dependent to the allowance given by our parent, the 20% discount for the fare is
a big help because it lessens the supposedly expense for the transportation,
alternately you can use it for other purpose; food etc. For the drivers, who were
on the mode of “boundary system” where in the excess profit from the set
boundary of the operators. Sometimes the money that they got on their way home
is not enough. On the other hand, those drivers seized to over price the fare should
be accountable in accordance to this law. Lots of laws but lacked in
implementation are useless.
Student fare discount or student discount pass on Transit, Buses are the
most common discount given to students from other countries, such as Canada,
US, but are not given by their government but transit/Bus providers, owners or
companies, there are no laws based on the foreign related literature,
that mandatory grants student discount unlike here in the Philippines, and the
main reason why transit and buses companies gives discount is to increased
ridership. however, it cannot be denied that student passed on buses and

discounted student transit fares highly benefits the students, especially college or
university students there are also no problems encountered by the students in
availing discount since smart cards are use in transit that gives automatic
discounts to students or pass are have usually fix amounts and can be avail by
per semester or monthly.
As of the current year there is only one research study that is related on
the subject matter being studied in this research, that is the studied conducted by
Hwang et al. (2020), based on their data jeepneys highly complied with granting
discounts and the very least compliant is the Transport Network Vehicle Services
like grab, which is supported by data reported by San Juan 2019 that the reports
of alleged non-compliance on the granting of student fare discount by Grab
Philippines reach congress and demands Land Transportation Franchising And
Regulatory Board for investigation on the said matter. The study again by Hwang
(2020) reveals that the main reason why students are not given discount is
because of non-observance by students of one fundamental requirement for the
availment of the discount, the students ID, but their study also admits there still
drivers that violates Sec 5 of Republic Act 11314, by refusing to give discounts to
students.
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
This study is conducted in order to determine Implementation of Student
Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and
4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Students at the University of
Caloocan City North Congressional Campus. In order to obtain the necessary
information that will help to complete the study, the researchers used the used
purposive sampling in determining the nature and type of respondents that is
needed to fulfill the entire research and employing the descriptive method of
researching to accurately determine the entire perception of the 3rd year and 4th
year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science enrolled students in University of
Caloocan City North Congressional Campus regardless of its form and nature.
This chapter discusses the research design, respondents, sampling
technique, research instrument, validation of research instrument, data gathering
procedure, and the statistical tools that the researchers used to conduct the study.
Research Design
The research method refers to the scheme or plan of action for meeting the
objectives of the study. From the available methodologies, the researcher needs
to
select an appropriate and effective method in attaining the goals and objectives of
the study that they wish to conduct. In lieu of this, the researchers decided to use
the descriptive method of research in gathering the data of the respondents. The
said method is utilized by the researchers in order to determine the perception of
the respondents.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study are the enrolled students of 3rd year and 4th
year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in University of Caloocan City-North
Congressional Campus. The researchers believed that setting the locale of the
study in this place will give enough credibility to measure the perception of the
enrolled students on the matter being resolved in this study. The researchers
come on having 100 respondents as the sample size or the number of people that
represents the entire respondents in the area.
Sampling Technique
The purposive sampling method was employed in this study. Purposive
sampling method is a non-probability sampling technique that is being used in
utilizing the samples based on the characteristics of a population and the objective
of the study. This method was used by the researchers in order to particularly
select the respondents. Among all the kinds of purposive sampling methods, the
researchers have decided to use homogeneous sampling because this uses a
specific set or type of people as a subject. In this study, the researchers chose the
3rd year and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science students in the University
of Caloocan City- North Congressional campus to draw differences regarding their
perception on the subject matter.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers should be specific on the process of data gathering. It
should utilize precautionary measures to make the data gathering accurate. The
process of retrieving the questionnaires should be stated as well as the measures
adopted to counteract the possible effect. In line with the procedures that need to
be observed, the researchers listed the step-by-step procedures as follows:
First, make the questionnaire that the chosen respondents will answer. The
questions that the researchers should provide must be connected and based on
the statement of the problem. The researchers should also ensure that the
questions written in the survey form can be easily understood by the respondents
to avoid confusions in answering the questionnaire. After the creation of questions
aligned to the study with the approval of their research adviser, the researchers
will distribute the approved survey questionnaire to its chosen respondents in the
exact place of your research grounds. Once the respondents are finished
answering the questionnaires, the researchers or its respondents must collect it

until they obtain the sufficient number of respondents needed for their study.
Lastly, validate all the gathered data in order to formulate a solution or conclusion
to the study. The said questionnaire will be answered by the 3rd year and 4th year
bachelor of Arts in Political Science students of University of Caloocan City- North
Congressional Campus who are currently enrolled.
Statistical Treatment of Data
Statistical treatment of data is essential to make use of the data in the right
form. The following statistical treatment on the following page is used to analyze
and interpret the data that is collected by the researchers.
● Frequency and Percentage Distribution

𝑓
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (%) 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 = 𝑥 100 𝑁
It was used to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution
of the respondent's personal variable.
whereas: % is the percentage, f is the frequency
100 is a constant value N is total number of respondents
● Likert Scale
It was used to obtain the respondent's level of awareness and agreed-

disagree with a set of statements. Four-point scale is used in the second and
third part of the questionnaire.
PART II: Measurements of the actions done
Score to implement student fare discount and how
effective are the overall implementation.
1 Strongly Disagree
2 Disagree
3 Agree
4 Strongly Agree
Table 1: Likert Scale Scoring
● Average Weighted Mean

Σx
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎= 𝑛
This was computed to determine the average answer of the respondents

on the various statements considered in the study.
whereas: X is the total number of answers by the respondents multiplied by the
likert value score.

x̄ is the sample mean n is total number of items
● Degree of Influence
In the interpretation of the Likert Scale, the degree of influence is used in

order to analyze the average weight interpretation. The degree of influence
presents a range formula in order to accurately measure the interpretation of the
weighted mean based on how many point-scale does the study use.
𝑃−1
Range for the Degree of Influence(r)= 𝑃
whereas: r is the range limit of the points
P is the total number of point choices that the study provides
1 is a constant value
Computation: P = 4 (Representing the 4-point scale)
𝑃−1 4−1 3
𝑟= = = = 0.75
𝑃 4 𝑃
PART II: Measurements of the actions
done to implement student fare discount
Score
and how effective are the overall
implementation.
1.00 – 1.74 Strongly Disagree
1.75 – 2.49 Disagree
2.50 – 3.24 Agree
3.25 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
Table 2: Likert Scale’s Degree of Influence
Research Instrument
This refers to the instrument used for the gathering or collecting the data
needed in order to attain the accurate result of the study. The University of
Caloocan cities or failure of the study depends on the instrument that the
researchers employ and the gathered data. The researchers used the most
common instrument in gathering the data which is the questionnaires or
sometimes called the survey form. A survey questionnaire was used to gather
data and information from the respondents. The content criterion used in the
questionnaire was based on the statement of the problem.

Chapter 4
Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of the Data
This chapter shall present the result of the survey conducted by the
researchers as well as the analysis of each part. The presentation of this chapter
shall follow the flow of the parts of the questionnaire of this study.
Part I: Demographic Profile
No. %
3rd Year students 41 41%
4th Year students 59 59%
Total number of
respondents 100 -
Table 3: Respondent Identification
Table 3 expresses the total number of respondents, which are 100 in total.
The above table also highlights the main distinction of the study which is the
respondent identification. There were 41% respondents which are 3 rd year
students of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and 59 % of them are 4th year
students of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. As part of the criteria of this study,
all 100 respondents are students of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in
University of Caloocan City- North Congressional Campus.

No. %
Working Students 20 20%
Non-working Students 80 80%
Total 100 -
Table 4: Employment Status of the respondents
Table 4 shows the employment status of the respondents. For the working
students there are 20% while in the non-working students there are 80% which
are students of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in University of Caloocan City.
Part II: Factors that indicates the effectiveness of the implementation of
student fare discount
Part II of this chapter is constructed in a quantitative likert method, the
analysis of which would also be in the construction on a quantitative analysis but
emphasized on the descriptive method as expressed in the research design.
Legend: Degree of Influence
Strongly Disagree: 1.00 – 1.74
Disagree: 1.75 – 2.49
Agree: 2.50 – 3.24
Strongly Agree: 3.25 – 4.00

PART II: Factors that indicates the effectiveness of the implementation
of student fare discount
No Statement
1 There is a system that allows students to get a fare discount on the
tricycle.
2 Saying the phrase “Studyante po” is the only way to avail the student
fare discount.
3 The Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services conduct information
dissemination related on the implementation of student fare discount
through random information drives and posting related advisories or
signage’s near school and in Tricycle terminals.
4 Presenting student identification card is a requirement in availing
student fare discount in Tricycle.
5 The Tricycle drivers do not overcharge the students in paying their fare
along Vicas congressional road.
6 Tricycle drivers always observe granting 20% student fare discounts to
students.
7 A tricycle fare matrix is being implemented in Caloocan tricycles,
particularly those along Vicas Congressional Road.

8 Tricycle drivers always follow the fare matrix, in which the granting of a
student fare discount is integrated.
9 Tricycle drivers still grant the 20% discount even though the student
chooses to travel alone from Vicas to the University of Caloocan City,
also called "special."
10 Tricycle drivers refuse to give students a 20% student fare discount.
11 Tricycle drivers do give discounts, but not in accordance with the 20%
student fare discount.
12 Students are encouraged to attend their classes because of the student
fare discount.
13 Students go to school even if they have a limited budget because they
know they will receive a discount on their transportation fare.
14 The student fare discount allows a student to save a portion of their
allowance.
3RD YEAR STUDENT 4TH YEAR STUDENT

No
Weight
. Degree of Influence
ed Weighted Degree of Influence
Mean Mean
1 3.26 Strongly Agree 3.20 Agree
2 3.04 Strongly Agree 2.83 Agree

3 2.65 Agree 2.64 Agree
9 2.1 Disagree 2.06 Disagree
12 1.92 Disagree 1.72 Strongly Disagree
13 2.21 Disagree 1.89 Disagree
Table 5: Measurements of the actions done to implement student fare discount

and how effective are the overall implementation.
Table 5 expresses a mix response between the 3 rd year and 4th year
students of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science in University of Caloocan City-
North Congressional Campus. For the first statement about the there is system
that allows students to get a fare discount on the tricycle, the 3rd year and 4th year
students response are slightly difference in intensity, the 3rd year students Strongly
agreed to it while the 4th year students are on the agreed side. On the second
statement, the response of the 3rd year and 4th year are still lightly difference in
intensity. The second statement refers to saying the phrase “Studyante po” is the
only way to avail the student fare discount. The 3rd year response Strongly agreed
while the 4th year are on the agreed side.
For the third statement, the 3rd year and 4th year students answered agreed
in the statement that refers that the Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services
conduct information dissemination related on the implementation of student fare
discount through random information drives and posting related advisories or
signage’s near school and in Tricycle terminals. The statement four that is related
to the resenting student identification card is a requirement in availing student fare
discount in Tricycle, the 3rd year and 4th year students both agreed to the
statement.
For the statement five, the 3rd year and 4th year students agreed The
Tricycle drivers do not overcharge the students in paying their fare along Vicas
congressional road. Also, the statement six expresses that the Tricycle drivers
always observe granting 20% student fare discounts to students along Vicas
congressional road, the 3rd year and 4th year students agreed to the statement.
For the statement seven, the 3rd year and 4th year students agreed to the
statement that the Tricycle drivers always follow the fare matrix, in which the
granting of a student fare discount is integrated.

The statement eight refers that the Tricycle drivers always follow the fare
matrix, in which the granting of a student fare discount is integrated. The 3 rd year
and 4th year students agreed to the statement. On the statement nine, the
response of the 3rd year and 4th year disagreed that the Tricycle drivers still grant
the 20% discount even though the student chooses to travel alone from Vicas to
the University of Caloocan City, also called "special.". Fort the statement ten that
refers to Tricycle drivers refuse to give students a 20% student fare discount., the
3rd year and 4th year students response agreed. For the eleven statements, the
3rd year and 4th year student answered agreed, it means that the Tricycle drivers
do give discounts, but not in accordance with the 20% student fare discount.
In the statement twelve that refers to the students are encouraged to attend
their classes because of the student fare discount. The answered of the 3 rd year
and 4th year students’ response are slightly difference in intensity, the 3 rd year
students disagreed to it while the 4th year students are on the strongly disagreed
side. For the statement thirteen, similar with the answer of the 3rd year students,
the 4th year answered disagreed to the statement that refers to response are
slightly difference in intensity, the 3rd year students Strongly agreed to it while the
4th year students are on the agreed side. For the Last statement, the 3rd year and
4th year students responses are similar to each other that they agreed to the
statement that the student fare discount allows a student to save a portion of their
allowance.
Part III: Measurements of the actions done to implement student fare
discount and how effective are the overall implementation.
For parts no. 4 and no. 5 of this chapter will pertain to a qualitative analysis
of the respondent’s answers. It should be noted that the researchers will only
choose at least one or two significant quotes from the survey conducted
(1) What are the action’s that are being done to ensure the implementation
of Republic Act 11314 or the student fare discount Act? Does those
actions show that the implementation of student fare discount along
Vicas to University of Caloocan City- Congressional Campus is
effective?
"Students can avail the student fare discount since drivers along Vicas,
Congress, and Camarin are fully aware of the students whether they are
not wearing their academic uniforms. It is sort of effective because students
are aware that they will automatically get the discount and students are well
informed about this act."
The respondent expressed that the actions being taken to ensure the
implementation of Republic Act 11314, otherwise known as the Student Fare
Discount Act, are showing that you are a student so that you can avail of the said
discount since the tricycle drivers or the VCB Toda are aware of the
implementation of the said act.
"The actions that are being taken to ensure the implementation of R.A.
11314 are to give a 20% discount to the students. Yes, because the fare
on the VCB Toda is still 10 pesos."
The respondent stated that one of the actions to ensure the implementation
of Republic Act 11314 is to give students a 20% discount. In addition, the response
also showed that the fare discount act has been implemented successfully
because the students pay the same fare, which is 10 pesos, from Vicas to the
University of Caloocan City and vice versa.
"I think there need not to be actions that can be seen by the eyes. Because
the drivers are complying, so it is effective."
The respondent simply stated: "Don't judge a book by its cover." Maybe we
don't see with our naked eyes that the tricycle drivers of VCB Toda are complying.
On the other hand, some respondents pointed out the problems they have
encountered even if Republic Act 11314 has already been implemented.
"Not so much because there are tricycle drivers that are forcing students
to pay bigger bill, than giving them discount. Specially if they travel or ride alone."
The respondent expresses disappointment since most of the tricycle
drivers in Vicas, Congress, and Bagumbong (VCB) are still not granting the 20%
student fare discount, especially if the student travels alone.
"Posting some placards showing the list of discounted prices. I think not all
drivers are strictly monitored by the implementation of student fare"
The respondent stated that posting some placards showing the list of
discounted prices is synonymous with showing the fare matrix inside the tricycle
prescribing the fare discount. And there should be an inspection to monitor if the
tricycle drivers of Vicas, Congress, Bagumbong (VCB) Toda are following the
implementation of student fare discount act.
Therefore, even if there is an implementation of Republic Act 11314, most
of the respondents are still unsatisfied because of a lack of knowledge by both the
students and the drivers regarding the said act. Furthermore, there are still tricycle
drivers in Vicas, Congress, and Bagumbong who do not grant or obey the student
fare discount.
(2) In one word how will you describe the implementation of student fare
discount to Tricycles along Vicas to University of Caloocan City-
Congressional Campus? Explain how you came up with that answer.

"Fair". As per the respondents, "fair" is their common answer. The
implementation of Republic Act 11314 is fair because students and tricycle drivers
in Vicas, Congress, and Bagumbong (VCB) Toda gain from this implementation.
Because aside from helping the students to lessen their daily expenses, tricycle
drivers can also get a tax deduction, and that is according to Section 7 of the said
act.
"Admirable". The second common response from our respondents is
"admirable." Because the tricycle drivers along Vicas make sure that they observe
the 20% discount for students even if the oil prices go high, there are times that
some drivers explain why the fare went up, and they make sure that we
understand the situation and that they are just charging the right price.
"Helpful". The third common response from our respondents is "helpful."
Because Republic Act 11314 helps the students of the University of Caloocan City
North Congressional Campus to lessen their daily expenses. It is also helpful,
especially to those students of the said university who have limited or no extra
budget.
"Useful". The fourth common response from our respondents is "useful." It
is useful for those students who don't have any support or are self-supporting.
"Inconsistent" is the fifth most common response from our respondents.
Some tricycle drivers of the Vicas, Congress, and Bagumbong (VCB) Toda are
sometimes not granting the 20% discount to the students of the University of
Caloocan City North Congressional Campus, especially if they are riding solo; they
need to shoulder higher fare.

Chapter 5
Summary of the Findings, Conclusion, and Recommendations
This chapter presents the summary of the research work commenced, the
conclusions drawn and the recommendation made as an outgrowth of this study
Summary of the Findings
The salient findings of the study were as follows:
Statement of the Problem 1.
The Data shows that over 100 respondents, 41% are 3rd-year students,
while 59% are 4th-year students. There are no significant differences in the
response of 3rd-year students from 4th-year students.
With regards to the employment status of the students, only 20% of the
respondents are working and 80% are nonworking. There is also no significant
difference in the response of working students to non-working students.
Statement of the Problem 2
The Data reveals that in terms of variable a, of establishing a mechanism
that ensures the mandatory grant of student fare discount, 3rd and 4th year
students believe that there is a mechanism that allows student to get fare discount
in tricycle. In terms of those mechanisms, however, Students believe that saying
the phrase “ istudyante po ” is not the only way to avail the discount, but one of
the
ways. The respondents conclude that The Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory
Services conduct information dissemination on the implementation of student fare
discount, which is also a part of the mechanism to ensure the grant of student fare
discounts, The respondents do not view the presentation of the Identification card
is a requirement in availing student fare discount in a tricycle interns of variable b,
in enlisting the cooperation and support of public transportation utilities (especially
tricycle drivers) to students through observance of this privileged,
The students experience that tricycle drivers along Vicas Congressional
Road always observe granting 20% student fare discount, that majority of the
Tricycle drivers do not overcharge the students, also the majority of the students
concluded that there is a fare matrix being implemented in tricycles, that most
drivers always follow the fare matrix. However, the majority of the students
encounter those tricycles give discounts but not in accordance with the 20%
discount, in addition, the majority of the students experience that tricycle drivers
do not observe granting 20% student fare discounts when students travel alone
or avail “special trips”.
With regards to the last variable c, of SOP 2, to encourage students
particularly the poor and underprivileged to pursue quality education to secure
their future and make them responsible, citizens.
The general number of students are not encouraged to attend classes because of
having student fare discounts, students are not also motivated to go to school
even with a tight/limited budget or pocket money knowing that they will receive a
discount on their transportation fare but the majority of the respondents admit they
save a fare amount of their allowance due to student fare discount.
Statement of the problem 3
With regards to the last SOP, how efficient was the implementation of the
student fare discount act to Tricycles from Cong today Terminal Residents
Association in Caloocan. Most Respondents describe the actions being done to
ensure the implementation of student fare discounts as the giving of discounts
itself, the majority of respondents describe the giving of discounts as somewhat
effective. Even though there is no action done by the proper agency assigned to
monitor the implementation of discount, it is effective as long as discounts are
given. However, a significant number of the students claim that it is not effective
because student discount can only be availed when commuting with other
students, but not with special trips additionally the majority of the students
describe the implementation of student fare discount as fair or satisfactory.
Conclusion:
This research aimed to assess the Implementation of Republic Act 11314
otherwise known as the Student Fare Discount of 2019 in Vicas Camarin

Bagumbong (VCB) Toda to 3rd and 4th year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
Students at the University of Caloocan City North.
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. The Data shows that over 100 respondents, 41% are 3 rd-year students,
while 59% are 4th-year students. There are no significant differences in the
response of 3rd-year students from 4th-year students. And as per our
hypothesis, these respondents who have enrolled student of the University
of Caloocan City North Congress Campus has different perceptions
regarding the student fare discount act. The collected data shows that
most of the 3rd year students are very familiar with the system of fare
discounts, while the 4th year students are familiar but not that much.
2. Students believed that saying “estudyante po” could be one of the keys to
availing the discounted fare even if they did not show their student
identification cards. There is a mechanism that allows student to get a
student fare discount to Tricycles.
3. There is the support of the Tricycle drivers in that area of Vicas Congress
because of majority of the drivers always observe granting student fare
discount to students. However the granting of student fare discount is
limited to taking the ride with other students, when it comes to special trips,
students are not being given discount by the tricycle drivers.

4. The students are not encouraged to attend classes because of having
student fare discount. It is only part of their daily expenses and the idea
that they have discount is quite admirable but it does not seem to be
enough motivation to attend classes. For some students, who have
average pocket money going to school is beneficial to reduce that transport
expense. However, we also have to students who have nothing literally
even for a meal expense.
5. Students of the University Caloocan City North Congress Campus
observed the 20% discount and availed them accordingly.
6. The Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services is effective when it comes
to the dissemination of information about fare matrix in Vicas, Bagumbong,
and Congress TODA.
7. The efficient implementation of the Student Fare Discount Act of the
government, the majority of the respondents say it is effective. On the other
hand, a significant number of students say it is not
Recommendation
Based on the Summary of the findings and conclusion of the study, the
following are the recommendation to the students:
• Students should assert their privilege to student fare discount even if
drivers refuse to give it, they should not be afraid to complain to drivers for
lack of discount or giving of improper discount, or even file a complaint at
the city mayor of office or the Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services.
• Students should also not be afraid to complain if the drivers do not give
discounts on special trips, because even though the fare would be much
higher than the regular fare because all the other seating capacity will be
paid by the students, he/she is still entitled to a discount on special trips.
• Despite considering that presentation of Identification card (ID) is not a
requirement in availing student fare discount, students should continue to
wear or present their ID in paying their fare as it is a requirement in the law.
• Students should be aware that they are entitled to 20% discount to all lang
transportation utilities and that it has no exemption on the coverage, it can
be available all year round.
• Students should be aware of R.A 11314 so that they know that their
privilege to assert the discount is valid and has legal binding.
Recommendation to Tricycle and Pedicab Regulatory Services
• They should try to conduct continued information dissemination to the
terminal of Tricycles on Cong Toda terminal residents of Caloocan.
• They should update the fare matrix in Tricycle and include a 20% discount
to students.
• They should monitor the implementation to terminals at least quarterly.

• They should actively handle complaints on violation to give student fare
discounts to students.
• They must make sure that the penalties on the first, second, and third
violation must be stringently enforced if tricycle drivers have been proven
to violate the law.
Recommendation to Future Researchers
• Because of constricted time, the researchers are not able to include the
implementation of student fare discount to Public Utility Jeepneys, we
recommend that they include that in future research work.
• Furthermore, we recommend that they look at the perception of the
respondents if there is a significant difference in the implementation of
student fare discount to Tricycle and to Jeepneys.
• We also recommend a much larger scope of population in conducting this
research to better arrive at a much more comprehensive result.
• We also recommend focusing on the implementation with 3 variables, the
student, the drivers and operators and the agency responsible. Due to time
limited time we are not able to have 3 different respondents to our research
and to gather Data from them, future researchers should focus on these 3
to arrive at a broader result.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alice Mcfarlan (2014), Measures of Central Tendency. Better evaluation.

https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/evaluationoptions/measures_of_ce
ntral_tendency
Alverez, Merle and Duro Ma. Cecilia (2016) Statistics and Probability. MSA Publishing
house. http://aimslib.adi.edu.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?bi blio
numb er=4 741
Baron,G., Tiangco, M.K.,(2018,July 19),Angara calls for the immediate publication of

Student Fare Discount Act Retrived from: https://mb. com.p h/20
19/07/18/angara-calls-for-the-immediate-publication-of-student-fare-
discount-act/
Cervantes, Filane Mikee. (July, 2019) “Poe Calls for Strict Fare Discount Law
Implementation.” Philippine News
Agency.https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles /10
75116?fbclid=IwAR3e0KU2qbjw-
YzFpSTvJ7oyUOmWANVnd4Y3YbU-S1-shlrhWwUyE1A7VUI
Charlotte West, (2021, December 10), A surprising reason preventing some students from
finishing college: Lack of transportation. https://www.washing
tonpost.com/education/2021/12/10/college students-transportation-
struggles/
Hasib Ur Rashid Ifti (2021, November 10), How rising bus fares puts students in a fix.
The daily star. https://www.thedailystar.net/ shout/news/how-rising-
bus-fares-puts-students-fix-2226616
Hwang, J.Y., Tabada, B. G., et al. (2020) Assessment of the Implementation of Student
Fare Discount https://ojs.aaresearch index.com/index.ph p/AAJMRA/ar
ticle/view /276
Khan (2008), Mean, median, and mode review. Khan Academy.org https://www.kh
anacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/summarizing-quantitative-
data/mean-median-basics/a/mean-median-and-mode-review#:~:text
=Mode%3A%20The
%20most%20frequent%20number,more%20than%20any%20other%2
0number.
Lopes, James. (2019) “Student Fare Discount Law to Benefit 30M Students.” Metro News
Central.net.https://metronewscentral.net/metro-cities/student-fare-
discount-law-to-benefit-30m-students
Manikandan S. (2011), Measures of central tendency: The mean. Journal of Pharmacology
and Pharmacotherapeuticshttps://www.researchgate.net/pub
lication/51505618_
Measures_of_central_tendency_The_mean#:~:text=The%20arithmetic
%20mean%20is%20the,RTCGA%20instrument%20segment.%20…
Masechaba Sefularo, (2022, July 08), Students Anxious About Impact Of Taxi Fare Hikes.
Eyewitness News. https://ewn.co.za/2022/07/08/students-say-the-taxi-
fare-increases-will-negatively-affect-them
Miguel, Lucielle et al. (2018, May). Compliance og PUV Operators, Drivers and
passengers to the Memorandum Circular No. 2011-004 also known as
the road safety precaution https://www.google.c om/url?sa=t&sourc
e=web&rct=j&
url=https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Mar2018/9.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiZrI
ONkc77AhXcmVYBHUG0DJQQFnoECBAQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3J2
cK9DTspB1DuwI_rcxBy
Perez, Revka E. (2021) “Enhancing policy capacity through Co-design: the case of local
public transportation in the Philippines.”https://www.tandfonli
ne.com/doi/citedby/10.1080/25741292.2021.1930689?scroll=top&nee
dAccess=true
Povich, E. S. (2022, November 7). Lack of transportation hinders community college

students. The Pew Charitable Trusts. https://www.pewtru sts.org/en/re
search-ananalysis/blogs /stateline/ 2022/10/24/lack-of-
transportationhinders-community-college-students
San Juan, A. (2019), LTFRB to summon Grab to explain deactivation of drivers, fare
discounts https://mb.com.ph/2019/06/05/ltfrb-to-summon-grab-to-
explain-deactivation-of-drivers-fare-discounts/?amp
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Statistician Certificate

Appendix 2: Grammarian Certificate

Appendix 3: Questionnaire
Researchers Background
ROSELYN V. ECAY
The author, was born on February 17,
2001. She graduated from Bagong SIlang High
School with honors. After receiving her
diploma, she enrolled in Our Lady of Fatima
University's Accountancy Business and
Management (ABM)strand and was awarded
an award for being an accounting wizard. She
currently serves as the Head of Student
Assistants of the Department Head of Political Science and the
University of Caloocan City South Campus Administrator. She
served as the former Vice President of Angat Mag-aaral
Caloocan, a nonprofit organization that assists students in
developing into future leaders of the nation. She also joined many
organizations, including the Debate Society and the Alliance of
Students for the Advancement of Politics (ASAP).

LEILA MARIE R. LASTIMA
On April 7, 2001, the author was born.
She was raised in Caloocan City, where she
received her official education through school.
Humanities and social sciences with honors
from Immaculada Concepcion College (senior
high school). She is a University of Caloocan
City undergraduate who is majoring in political
science. The author has been involved in a variety of student organizations both
inside and outside the Political Science Department since beginning college. She
joins TNC of the North and the Political Science Debate Society in 2019–2020.
ROSARIO ORTAZO MAGLAY
On October 16, 1999, the author was
born in Caloocan City. She has been involved
in the arts since she was a young child and
typically does digital portraits, although she is
currently taking a vacation from it. 2012 saw her
complete her elementary education at
Caloocan North Elementary School. Camarin
Junior High School in Caloocan City. She
earned her senior high school diploma in 2018 from St. Clare College in Caloocan
City with a major in programming and animation for information technology
communication. She had an ambition of becoming a police officer, but destiny
brought me here and we are still talking about the law. She is currently enrolled in
a political science bachelor's degree program. She participated in an internship at
the Mayor's Office in Caloocan City Hall North.

CARLA JOY SAENZ MIDAY
The author was born in April 20, 1999,
graduated in Horacio Dela Costa in high school
year and took up Humanities and Social
Science (HUMMS) in the same school in her
Senior High School. She currently residing at
Caloocan City. SHe is a graduating student
from University of Caloocan City taking
bachelor of Political Science. She also joined
many organizations, including the Debate Society and the
Alliance of Students for the Advancement of Politics (ASAP).

JOHN NATHANIEL Y. OLASO
The author was born on January 12,
2000 at Quezon city. However, he grew up in
Caloocan City where he take his formal
education. From elementary to college. He is
a graduate of Cielito Zamora Senior High
School with honors from 2017-2019. He is
also a former member of campus journalism
back I’m 2017- 2018 and has served as
science editor at the school publication the emblem. He is a graduating student
from University of Caloocan City taking bachelor of Political Science. Since
entering college the author has been active indifferent student organizations
inside and outside the Political Science Department. He joins Political Science
Debate society in 2019-2020 and a talent centered organization, University of
Caloocan City Chorale, where he assumed the post of Vice President from 2019-
2021. He has been a vocal advocate of students Rights and has also join United
Frontliners party list a party list aspirant I’m 2022 elections.

For Printing Thesis Student Fare

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

For Printing Thesis Student Fare

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

For Printing Thesis Student Fare

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

“Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin

Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional

The Faculty of the Political Science Department

University of Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

This thesis titled “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in

Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North

Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn V., Lastima

has been examined and is hereby recommended for defense.

PROF. JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA

This thesis entitled “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019

in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan City North

Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn V., Lastima

been approved by the panelist on defense with a grade of _________ on

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor

of Arts in Political Science.

PROF. JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA

I hereby certify that this thesis titled “Implementation of Student Fare

year Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Students at the University of Caloocan

City North Congressional Campus”, prepared and submitted by Ecay, Roselyn

Nathaniel is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no

material previously written or published by another person or organization nor

diploma from a university or institution, except where due acknowledgement is

Furthermore, I declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the

product of my work although I received assistance from others on the manner of

organization, language and style.

Ecay Roselyn V. Miday Carla

PROF.JOHN PAUL T. MENDOZA

The researchers would like to acknowledge and give warmest

in the achievement and completion of this study entitled " Implementation of

of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus".

To start with, we would love to praise God for giving us an unconditional

strength to undertake this research study. To God be the glory.

To our Professor, Mr. John Paul T. Mendoza, to whom we would like to

and words of wisdom.

research tool in terms of grammar checking in expense-free, despite his tight

schedule, we are grateful for you.

To our statistician, Mr. Christopher Retoria, who makes time to meet us

Next would be Professor Rey Jetajobe for the approval of our

questionnaire that abled us to conduct data gathering.

Thesis meetings do not only workout virtually as we mostly need to see

emotionally, physically, and financially.

Lastly, from the bottom of our hearts, we sincerely acknowledged the

University of Caloocan City- North Congressional Campus for contributing

genuine data and welcoming us to their community. Without their participation,

this thesis could have never been completed.

the very beginning and taught us to be persistent regardless of hardships at

school. Them, who became our inspiration to override the obstacles we go

of the respondents' point of view if they did not give us life.

Mendoza for his perseverance in making us strive be the better researchers by

giving us challenges we need to concur.

Lastly, we dedicate this research to the society. In light of this paper, we

Camarin Bagumbong (VCB) Toda.

Title: “Implementation of Student Fare Discount Act of 2019 in Vicas Camarin

Students at the University of Caloocan City North Congressional Campus.”