FORMAT FOR UNDERGRADUATE THESIS AND GRADUATE THESIS AND DISSERTATION

Preliminaries

*Cover Page
*Title Page
*APPROVAL SHEET
*ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
*DEDICATION
*TABLE OF CONTENTS
*LIST OF TABLES
*LIST OF FIGURES
*LIST OF PLATES
*ABSTRACT

COVER PAGE
(Cover page was not discussed in the APA format. However, the sample looks like the title page. Some
schools have devised their own format based from the title page.

TITLE PAGE

Title- All capital letters, centered, inverted pyramid and not to exceed three (3) lines; the title should
follow proper division of phrases.

Author(s)- capital letters, centered. For group research, the name of the leader or lead researchers will
appear first then the names of the other members will follow arranged alphabetically. (maximum
of five (5) students per group for undergraduate but group research is not allowed in the Gradute
level.
First Name, Middle Name, Family Name

Name of the University, Campus, College, Address (all in capital letters centered)

Degree- All capital letters

Major/Specialization- Only the first letter of the words are capitalized

Date of Completion- Month and Year

Font size: 12 Times New roman ( for both cover //title page)

Line Spacing: single spaced; parts evenly spaced

APPROVAL SHEET

The approval sheet contains the name of the author, title of the study, course, members of the
panel and other signatories.
 “Chair” shall be used referring to the Chairperson of the Oral Examination Committee/Thesis
Committee.

“Department Chair” shall be used referring to the program Chair or Chairperson of the Program.

Oral Examination Committee for thesis membership shall include Chair and two members.
Dissertation membership shall include one Chair and four members. The Oral Examination Committee
members shall have expertise on the paper which he/she is evaluating.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This shall be presented in a formal language, narrative format, and third person, with no pictures
or graphics. Initials of the author(s) with no punctuation mark shall be placed at the end. There are no
bold phase fonts in the body. There is no limit as to the number of pages but it could be better if there
will be at least one or two pages only. Persons or agencies to be acknowledged should have an important
role in the study or project.

DEDICATION

This is an optional part of the thesis’ preliminary. This must be brief, centered on one
page with no heading.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminaries and Chapter Title shall be CAPITALIZED.

Items in every chapter shall be Title Case.
Chapter Title shall be numbered using the Hindu- Arabic Numeral.
List of Tables, list of Figures, and List of Plates shall only reflect those that appear in the text.
(Screen, Prints shall be included in the List of Plates)
Paging for the preliminaries shall be use the Roman Numeral small case. Flush right for the page
numbers.
Paging for the main parts shall use the Hindu- Arabic Numerals. Flush right for the page numbers.
Dots shall be used as leaders. (no space between dots …….)
The item “Table of Contents” shall not be included in the Table of Contents.

LIST OF TABLES

1. Only the tables that appear in the text shall be included in the list.
2. Numbering ( in Hindu- Arabic form) of tables in the text shall be continuous.

LIST OF FIGURES
1. Only the figures (graphs, charts, and other illustrative materials) that appear in the text shall be
included.
2. Numbering (in Hindu-Arabic form) of figures in the text shall be continuous.
 LIST OF PLATES

1. Only the plates (pictures) that appear in the text shall be included.
2. Numbering (in Hindu- Arabic form) of plates in the text shall continuous.

Tables, Figure, Plates which are in support to basic / primary data in the text shall be placed in the
appendices.

ABSTRACT

1. The Abstract is an abridged version of the most important results of the study.
2. It is a one- page part of the preliminary with a maximum of 150 words which includes one
methodology, and the salient findings and conditions.
3. Conclusions and recommendations shall not be included in the abstract.
4. The abstract shall be presented in the format (note the parts in bold face):
NAME. (Year). Title. Degree(fully spelled out). School, College, Address
5. The name of the Adviser shall be in bold Title case.
6. Listing of alphabetically arranged key words shall be placed below the abstract.
7. Abstract shall be in italics, single spaced.
8. Placed before Chapter 1.

Chapter 1 (Hindu- Arabic)

INTRODUCTION (Center heading)

TECHNICAL RESEARCH SOCIAL RESEARCH

 Situation Analysis (Side Heading)  Situation Analysis (Side Heading)
(Discussions on what, why and significance / (Discussions on the what’s and why’s and
importance of the study). embedding in the discussion the
significance/ importance of the study)
 Statement of Objectives (both general and
specific shall be stated in declarative sentence)  Framework of the study ( with paradigm)
 Statement of the problem
(General/ main problem shall be in
declarative form and the specific problems
shall be in interrogative form.
 Definition of Terms (Operational
definition)
 Symbols and Notations ( for pure math
research
 Time and Place of the study
 Definitions of terms (Operational definition)
Note: The Review of Literature will no longer be a part of the Thesis or Dissertation. Literature shall be
incorporated in the Situation Analysis , Framework of the Study, Methodology , and in the Discussion of
Results.

Set-off quotations shall not use quotation marks; single spaced; with 10 space margins from left margin
and 5 space margins from the right margin.
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

TECHNICAL RESEARCH SOCIAL RESEARCH

 Research Design  Research Design
 Materials and Procedures
This includes the sources of data and  Sources of Data (include scope and content)
instrumentation
 Data Analysis  Instrumentation and Data Collection

 Analysis of Data
Statistical Tool
Categorization of Data
Note: In case of Qualitative Research,
Statistical Tool and Categorization of Data are
deleted as parts

Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The discussion of results shall be guided by the statement of problems or objectives.

Presentation of tables/figures/plates shall follow a short introduction about the table/ figure/plate.
As much as possible, tables/figures/plates shall not be placed in between paragraphs.
In case of long tables and there is a need to cut the table, the first part should always be longer than the
second part.
If the remaining part of a cut table consists of 2-3 lines only, the font size may be reduced (up to font 10)
so that the table will be accommodated in just one page

Table Presentation

Table 1. (2 space) Title Case (In case of a two- liner title, the first
letter in the second be aligned to the first
letter in the first line)

The table shall be drawn from margin to margin.

Double line on top (same line weight 1 1/2)
Double line on bottom (same line weight 1 1/2)
*Single line to separate the grand mean
*Use single space if there are more than 10 entries in table.
*Use double space if there are less than 10 entries in table.
MEAN shall be centered up to two decimal places only.
Font size may be reduced up to font size 10 ( Times New Roman).
Single space separates the Table title and Table
Double space separates the Table Header and the first entry line

Use the symbol M to refer to Mean and WM to refer to weighted Mean

Use the symbol (%) in the table and when enclosed in parenthesis; in words in the discussion part
(percent)

Continuous coding using the Hindu- Arabic number

1½

Nm,m,.,mn,m

M WM

Figure Format

Figures shall be enclosed, drawn from margin to margin.

Needed data such as percentages / frequencies shall be evident.
The Notation Fig.1 (Title of the figure) shall be placed below the figure.

Format of Plates

The size of the plate is preferably half page of the paper.

The plate shall be drawn from margin to margin.
Two (2) plates in one page may be allowed.
Number and title shall be placed below the enclosed plate.

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary (Side Heading)

Introductory statement, problems, methodology, and salient findings (numbered) in paragraph

form.

Conclusion (Side Heading)

Introductory statement and conclusions answering the objectives (numbered and in list form); no
numerical/statistical presentations.
Recommendation

Introductory statement and followed by recommendations (numbered and in list form)

LITERATURE CITED

References shall be alphabetically arranged with no categorization (double spaced; hanging indention).

Electronic sources shall include the date and time retrieval. Citations / reviews taken from Wikipedia are
not acceptable.

Follow APA format (6th Edition)

Secondary citation shall be limited to two (2) only.

References shall be 50% published materials and 50% unpublished materials.

Researches as reference shall be within the last five (5) years; no restriction as to date of publication of
theories/ principles/seminal works.

The minimum number of literature to be reviewed and cited shall be 20 for Baccalaureate, 30 for Master’s
and 50 for Doctorate.

APPENDICES

TECHNICAL RESEARCH SOCIAL RESEARCH

A. Tables A. Communication
B. Figures B. Questionnaire/ Instrument
C. Plates C. Tables
D. Others D. Figures
E. Plates
F. Others

To be exhibited in continuous sequence following the sequence categories listed above

The alphabet should be used for coding; no use of alphanumeric or decimal coding.

CURRICULUM VITAE

The Curriculum vitae shall reflect a listing of the personal information, educational background ,
expertise, training and seminars attended by the researcher and other pertinent information.

It should follow single space format for every item and double space format between items.

A passport size , colored picture with plain background shall be placed at the upper right hand
corner of the page. Researcher must wear blouse/collared shirt.
 In case of group research, each member of the group shall have separate curriculum vitae.

Contents: Name, Address, date of Birth, Civil Status, Parents/ Guardians/Spouse with Children, School
Attended, Trainings/Seminars, Designation, Position held Awards Received, eligibilities/ Board Exam
Passed, consultancy and Expert services, Researches Conducted, Publication, etc.

OTHERS:

Paper size: 8.5”x11” Color: Doctorate- Black

Margin left – 1.5” Master’s – Green
Top –1.3” Undergraduate - Maroon
Bottom – 1”
Right – 1”
: Pagination
Author(s) – for group research: Title page: No pagination
Lead author, et.al. Preliminaries: bottom, center (i,ii,iii..)
Title Other pages: Upper right hand (Hindu Arabic)
Year Start of Chapter: included in the pagination but
page number is hidden/ omitted.

Set an automatic TAB stop of 0.5” for paragraph indention.

Set four spaces between Chapter Title and First entry heading

Four spaces between main side headings (Parts of Research)

For multi level headings follow the presentation below:

Chapter 1
]
]
INTRODUCTION
]
]
]
]
Situation Analysis

Framework of the study ( First level, boldface, flush left)

Theories and discipline Engendering the Genre Theory

(Second Level, boldface, Indented; text follows in the next line)

English for Specific Purposes. (Third level, italics, indented, text follows, immediately after

period).
 Systematic – Functional Linguistics.(Third level, italics, indented, text follows, immediately after

period).

Genre Studies Across Disciplines

(Second Level, boldface, Indented; text follows in the next line).

Statement of the Problem (First Level, boldface , flush left)

Definition of Terms

Competence. ( Indented, italicized; period; definition)

EFFECTS OF CONTEXTUAL FRAMING APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF

QUESTIONS AND PERFORMANCE IN GENERAL PHYSICS

CHRISTIAN PAUL SORIANO

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY

BAYAMBANG, PANGASINAN

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

Major in Science

May 2014
CONTEXTUAL FRAMING APPROACH

EFFECTS OF CONTEXTUAL FRAMING APPROACH ON STUDENTS’ LEVEL OF

QUESTIONS AND PERFORMANCE IN GENERAL PHYSICS

CHRISTIAN PAUL C. SORIANO

PANGASINAN STATE UNIVERSITY.

BAYAMBANG, PANGASINAN

MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION

Major in Science

May 2014
 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in

Education, Major in Science Education, this master’s thesis entitled “Effects of
Contextual Framing Approach on Students’ Level of Questions and Performance in
General Physics” has been prepared and submitted by Christian Paul G. Soriano, who is
hereby recommended for oral examination.

LITA A. SAYGO, Ph.D. DENNIS V. MONTOYA, M.A.

Critic Reader Adviser

Approved by the Oral Examination Committee

RAQUEL C. PAMBID, Ph.D.

Chair

IRMA MIRASOL C. FERRER, Ph.D. GRACE M. SURATOS, Ph.D.

Member Member

ZENAIDA U. SUYAT, Ed.D.

Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts
in Education, Major in Science Education.

ZENAIDA U. SUYAT, Ed.D. VICTORIANO C. ESTIRA, Ed.D.

Dean, Graduate School University President
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude and recognition to the
following who in their own way have contributed to the completion of this work:

Dennis V. Montoya, M.A., his adviser, for his generous time, scholarly guidance
and enduring assistance throughout the undertaking;

Lita A. Saygo, Ph.D., his critic reader, for patiently reading and amending this
paper and sharing her valuable insights for its advancement;

Zenaida U. Suyat, Ed.D., Raquel C. Pambid, Ph.D., Irma Mirasol C. Ferrer,

Ph.D., Grace M. Suratos, Ph.D., the panel members, for their indispensable comments
and suggestions;

Jesus Christ, the Lord and Savior, for everything left unspoken.

CPGS
 DEDICATION

This is dedicated to

My Sister

My Parents

My Colleagues

The Physics Community

Christian Paul Gonzales-Soriano

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………….…… i

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………………… ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………………. iii

DEDICATION ……………………………………………………………………... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………………... v

LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………….. vi

LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………… viii

LIST OF PLATES …………………………………………………………….. ix

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… x
]
]
]
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Situation Analysis……………………………………………………………. 1

Framework of the Study……………………………………………………… 2

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….. 3

Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………… 4
]
]
]
Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY

Research Design……………………………………………………………… 7

Sources of Data……………………………………………………………….. 9

Instrumentation and Data Collection…………………………………………. 11

 Analysis of Data…………………………………………………………….. ..13
Statistical Tool
Categorization of Data
]
]
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Chapter 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Level of Questions Asked by the Students Exposed

to the Two Different Approaches………………………………………. 20

Comparison of the Level of Questions Asked by Students………………... 25

Comparison of the Pretest and Posttest Performances of
the Students Exposed to the Two Different Approaches …………………. 35

Comparison Between the Performances of Students

Exposed to the Two Different Approaches………………………………..37
]
]
]
Chapter 4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary……………………………………………………………………….40

Conclusions…………………………………………………………………….45

Recommendations……………………………………………………………...47
]
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LITERATURES CITED……………………………………………………………….50
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APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………….54

]
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 APPENDICES

A LETTER TO THE CAMPUS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 58

REQUESTING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

B LETTER TO THE VALIDATORS OF THE PRETEST/ 59

POSTTEST IN GENERAL PHYSICS

C EVALUATION SHEET FOR THE CONTENT VALIDITY OF 60

THE PRETEST / POSTTEST IN GENERAL PHYSICS

D SUMMARY OF THE EVALUATORS’ RATING ON THE 61

CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE PRETEST/POSTTEST IN
GENERAL PHYSICS

E TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PRETEST/POSTTEST 62

IN GENERAL PHYSICS

F PRETEST/ POSTTEST IN GENERAL PHYSICS 63

G SAMPLE LESSON PLAN FOR CONVENTIONAL APPROACH 72

H SAMPLE LESSON PLAN FOR CONTEXTUAL 76

FRAMING APPROACH

I SAMPLE OF HIGH LEVEL QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE 81

STUDENTS EXPOSED TO THE CONVENTIONAL
APPROACH

J SAMPLE OF HIGH LEVEL QUESTIONS ASKED BY THE 82

STUDENTS EXPOSED TO THE CONTEXTUAL FRAMING
APPROACH
K RESULTS OF THE COMPUTATION OF THE INITIAL 83
DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO GROUPS PRIOR
TO THE EXPERIMENT
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Synthesis of the Reviewed Studies and the Present Study 18

Regarding Contextual Framing Approach in Physics

2 The Research Paradigm Showing the Relationship 24

of the Variables in the Study

3 Comparison of the Levels of Question Asked by the Students 36

Exposed to the Two Different Approaches
LIST OF PLATES
 ABSTRACT

Name : Christian Paul Gonzales Soriano

Title : Effects of Contextual Framing Approach on Students’

Level of Questions and Performance
in General Physics

Degree : Master of Arts in Science Education

Institution: Pangasinan State University

Graduate School Satellite
Bayambang, Pangasinan

Adviser: Dennis V. Montoya, M.A.

ABSTRACT

Physics is one of the most difficult subjects in school. It has a reputation of

complicated mathematics and seemingly nonsensical equations (Giancoli, 2008). This
study was conceived of presenting Physics that could possibly reduce difficulty and
increase performance.
The study determined the effects of contextual framing approach on students’
level of questions and performance in Modern Physics. The experimental method of
research was used in the study. One group was exposed to conventional teaching
approach and the other to contextual framing approach. Descriptive statistics, Chi-
square test, t-tests and analysis of covariance were used in the treatment of data.
Findings revealed that contextual framing approach boosted students’ interest
and motivated them to ask high level questions. While the pretest performances of the
students exposed to the two different approaches were initially comparable, however
posttest performances were significantly different. Students exposed to the contextual
framing approach performed significantly better than those in the conventional
approach.

Keywords: contextual framing approach, teaching approach, questions,

 Chapter 1
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INTRODUCTION
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Situation Analysis
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Chapter 1: Writing for the Behavioral and Social Sciences
Chapter 1 describes the role of ethics in publishing and offers guidance in following best practices for compliance.
Chapter 2: Manuscript Structure and Content
Chapter 2 defines all parts of a scholarly manuscript, from title to appendix, emphasizing both function and form. It ends
with sample papers for users to model.
Chapter 3: Writing Clearly and Concisely
Chapter 3 offers basic guidance on planning and writing the article. It advises readers on how to organize their thoughts,
choose effective words, and describe individuals with accuracy and sensitivity.
Chapter 4: The Mechanics of Style
Chapter 4 instructs readers on the nuts and bolts of style: punctuation, spelling, capitalization, abbreviations, numbers,
and statistics in text. It demonstrates that consistency in their use is key to clear scientific communication.
Chapter 5: Displaying Results
Chapter 5 describes the effective use of graphic elements in text. It provides readers with guidance on which graphic
element is best suited to the data being delivered as well as detailed instruction on table and figure preparation.
Chapter 6: Crediting Sources
Chapter 6 provides guidance on reference citation. It instructs readers on when and how to cite references in text and on
how to construct a reference list that contains everything readers need to locate each source.
Chapter 7: Reference Examples
Chapter 7 offers a comprehensive set of reference examples for readers to model. It demonstrates the reference
components that readers need to locate the work, with an emphasis on electronic sources.
Chapter 8: The Publication Process
Chapter 8 provides an overview of the journal publishing process. It delineates author and publisher responsibilities in
manuscript review, selection, and preparation.