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A quick empirical method for resistance estimation of planing vessels

by Team TheNavalArch | Oct 21, 2021 | Boating, Maritime Industry, Resistance and Propulsion | 1 comment

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Resistance estimation for a vessel is a fundamental exercise in design of the vessel. Resistance is a property that depends on
the vessel’s shape and form. A conventional ship-shaped vessel with a bulb will have completely di erent resistance
characteristics compared to a high-speed planing vessel.

Resistance estimates are done using various methods – by hydrodynamic modeling/CFD analyses or by model testing for
accurate estimates, or by using empirical relations in the preliminary design phase for a fair estimate of the resistance.

Empirical relations too vary depending on the vessel type. While Holtrop-Mennen method is the most popular one that is
used for conventional ship forms (usually merchant vessels), it does not apply to high-speed hulls and planing boats.
How to do rule-
based tting
Planing vessel resistance calculator – TheNavalArch
calculations of a
keyless propeller
A planing vessel is distinguished form a conventional displacement vessel by the mechanism of weight support. While for a
displacement vessel, the buoyancy of the vessel supports its weight, a planing vessel supports its weight by the by Team TheNavalArch | Dec 16,
hydrodynamic lift forces generated when the vessel moves at high speed over water. When the planing vessel is at rest or at 2020 | Maritime Industry,
low speeds, its weight is supported by its buoyancy, but as it moves with higher speeds, hydrodynamic lift forces are Resistance and Propulsion, Ship
generated by the specially designed hull shape of the planing craft and these lift forces fully support the hull. In some crafts Design and Construction
the lift and buoyancy both support the weight. A typical body plan of a planing craft is shown below:
Introduction A keyless propeller, as
the name implies, requires no key
for fastening the propeller on the
cone of the propeller shaft. How is
the torque then transferred to the
propeller? The torque is
transferred by the friction between
the propeller and the...

In this article, we will look into a theoretical approach to estimating a planing craft’s performance. A number of resistance
tests have been performed by Savitsky (1964) to determine formula for lift and drag of planing vessels, and empirical
relations have been provided for the drag.

In this method, at equilibrium, part of the lift is generated by Buoyancy while the rest is generated as hydrodynamic lift. The
important parameters of the vessel like its dimensions, speed, displacement etc are taken as inputs, and parameters like How to use empirical
trim angle, wetted length of the keel etc. are determined. These parameters are then used to determine the resistance of the formulas to estimate
vessel. the resistance of a
Ship
The method and steps can be broken down into the following:
by Team TheNavalArch | Jun 8,
2020 | Resistance and Propulsion,
Ship Design and Construction
Step 1 – Calculate the Displacement Froude number: The rst parameter to be calculated is the displacement Froude
number. It is de ned thus How to use empirical formulas to
estimate the resistance of a Ship
Resistance estimation holds
immense importance in the design
stage of a vessel. Based on the
results of the resistance estimation
of a vessel, the selection of the
right propulsion system is done....

Step 2 – Calculate the Froude number based on ‘b’: Here, ‘b’ is the maximum beam of the vessel over chine or spray
strips. This is the beam of the planing area of the vessel

CV = V/√(gb)

Planing vessel resistance calculator – TheNavalArch

Step 3 – Calculate the equivalent at plate lift coe cient: This is calculated by using the formula:

Step 4 – Calculate the lift coe cient for a nite deadrise: Depending on the deadrise angle β, the lift coe cient for a
nite deadrise is calculated from the at plate lift coe cient by using the following formula:

Step 5 – Calculate the p/b ratio, where p = longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) of the vessel (see below)

Step 6 – Calculate the mean wetted length-beam ratio: This is the ratio λ = Lm/b, which is obtained from the Koelbel’s
curves.

Step 7 – Calculate the trim of the vessel in equilibrium: This is calculated by using the Savitsky formula:

Here λ is the ratio of the mean wetted length to the beam of the planing area, i.e., Lm/b, obtained in Step 6

Step 7 – Calculate the keel-wetted length ratio: This is calculated by using the formula:

Step 8 – Check if the vessel is fully planing: If λk <= LWL/b, then it is fully planing, i.e., the bow is clear of water, else it is
not. If it is fully, planing, then the method is valid, else this method is not applicable for vessels not fully planing

Step 9 – Use the formula to calculate resistance:

W is displacement. Here, CFO is calculated from ITTC Line, using the following formula

2
CFO = 0.075/(log10Rn -2)

Do check our our product Planing Vessel Resistance Calculator

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planing_(boat)

2. Principles of Naval Architecture Second Revision, Volume II Resistance, Propulsion and Vibration

Disclaimer: This post is not meant to be authoritative writing on the topic presented. thenavalarch bears no responsibility for the
accuracy of this article, or for any incidents/losses arising due to the use of the information in this article in any operation. It is
recommended to seek professional advice before executing any activity which draws on information mentioned in this post. All the
gures, drawings, and pictures are property of thenavalarch except where indicated, and may not be copied or distributed without
permission.

Please check out TheNavalArch’s product for planing vessel resistance estimation:

Planing vessel resistance calculator

$99.00

This application provides calculations for the resistance of a

planing craft based on friction coefficient according to the
ITTC 1957 lines, mean wetted length ratio and trim. Mean
wetted length ratio, trim, correction terms etc. are
calculated from curves based on large number of model
tests conducted by Savitsky (1964) The formulae are from Principles … Continue reading

Read more

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1 Comment
Costas Carabelas on February 24, 2023 at 3:46 pm
Reply
Hi Prem,
I will read this with much of interest.
Brgds
Costas

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