Eastern Mediterranean University

Department of Mechanical Engineering

COURSE: HEAT TRANSFER (MENG345)

Semester: spring 2017-2018
Name of Experiment: COMBINED CONVECTION AND RADIATION

Instructor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Murat Özdenefe

Assistant: Muhammad ABID

Submitted by: İBRAHİM CEREN

Student No:142137
Group No: 1
Date of submission: 14/12/2018
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EVALUATION

Activity During Experiment & Procedure 30 %

Data , Results & Graphs 35 %

Discussion, Conclusion & Answer to Questions 30 %

Neat and tidy report writing 5%

Overall Mark

Name of evaluator: Muhammad ABID

 TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………..…1

OBJECTIVES AND APPARATUS……………………………………………...2

FIGURE 1………………………………………………………………………...2

PROCEDURE ……………………………………………………........................3

TABLE…………………………………………………………………………....3

CALCULATIONS………………………………………………………………...3

GRAPH…………………………………………………………………………….6

CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………7
 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this experiment was to determine the combined heat transfer (Qradiation +

Qconvection) from a horizontal cylinder over a range of power inputs which varied from 1.47V

to 4.98V and corresponding surface temperatures. The relationship between power input and

surface temperature was demonstrated in free convection. The combined convection and

radiation system is a system that has been designed to demonstrate heat transfer from a solid

surface to its surroundings. A hot surface loses heat to its surroundings by the combined heat

transfer modes of convection and radiation. In practice, these modes are difficult to isolate

and, therefore, the analysis of the combined effects provides a meaningful teaching exercise.

The heated surface studied here is a horizontal cylinder, which can be operated in free

convection or forced convection at variable air velocities. Measurements of the surface

temperature and the electrical power supplied to it allow the combined effects of radiation

and convection to be compared with theoretical values. The dominance of heat convection at

lower surface temperatures and the dominance of heat radiation at higher surface

temperatures are demonstrated.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this experiment is to determine the effect of forced convection on heat transfer

from the surface of a cylinder at varying air velocities and surface temperatures. And also to

demonstrate the relationship between air velocity and surface temperature for a cylinder

subjected to force convection.

APPARATUS

1. HT10XC Computer compatible heat transfer service unit

2. HT14 Combined convection and radiation accessory

Fig.1. HT10XC Computer compatible heat transfer service unit and HT14 Combined

convection and radiation accessory.

PROCEDURE

1. Front mains switch was switched on.

2. Voltage heater was set to 5 volts. (Digital panel should give a reading of 5V)

3. The HT14 was then allowed to stabilise, this took 15 minutes.

4. Once stabilised the values for T9, T10, I, Ua were recorded.

5. Steps 2 to 4 were repeated for voltage values of 5.9, 10.2, 13.4, every time the HT14 was

left to stabilise, the time to stabilise varied from 10 to 15 minutes in each case.

TABLE 1.

V(volt) T10 = Ts T9 = T∞(ºC) I(amp) Ua(m/s)

5.9 64.2 22.9 1.1 1.47

10.2 111.6 23.9 1.9 3.38

13.4 145.9 24.1 2.4 4.98

CACULATIONS

First Value:

̇ = 𝑉 × 𝐼 = 5.9 × 1.1 = 6.49𝑤

𝑄𝑖𝑛

𝑇10 + 𝑇9 64.2 + 22.9

𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = = 43.55 ℃
2 2

Table [A-15]
𝑘 = 0.02689 𝑤 ⁄𝑚𝐾
𝑇 = 43.55℃ 𝑃𝑟 = 0.7245
𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑉 = 1.736 × 10−5 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠

𝑈𝑐 × 𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝑉

𝑈𝑐 = 1.22 × 𝑈𝑎 = 1.22 × 1.47 = 1.7934 𝑚⁄𝑠

 1.7934 𝑚⁄𝑠 × 0.01 𝑚
𝑅𝑒 = 2 = 1033.065
1.736 × 10−5 𝑚 ⁄𝑠

0.5
[0.62 × 𝑅𝑒 0.5 × 𝑃𝑟 0.33 ] 𝑅𝑒
𝑁𝑢 = 0.3 + 0.25 × [1 + ( ) ]
0.4 0.66 282000
[1 + (
𝑃𝑟 ) ]

[0.62 × (1033.065)0.5 × (0.7245)0.33 ] 1033.065 0.5

𝑁𝑢 = 0.3 + 0.25 × [1 + ( ) ]
0.4 0.66 282000
[1 + ( ) ]
0.7245

𝑁𝑢 = 17.023

𝑘 × 𝑁𝑢 0.02689 𝑊 ⁄𝑚𝑘 × 17.023

ℎ= = = 45.77 𝑤 ⁄𝑚2 𝐾
𝐷 0.01𝑚

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜋 × 𝐷 × 𝐿 = 𝜋 × 0.01 × 0.07 = 0.0023 𝑚2

̇ = ℎ × 𝐴𝑠 × (𝑇10 − 𝑇9 )
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣

̇ = 45.77 𝑤 ⁄𝑚2 𝐾 × 0.0023 𝑚2 × (337.2 − 295.9)K

𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣

̇ = 4.35 𝑤
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣

̇ = 𝜀 × 𝛿 × 𝐴𝑠 × (𝑇10 4 − 𝑇9 4 )
𝑄𝑟𝑎𝑑

̇ = 0.95 × 5.67 × 10−8 × 0.0023 × (337.24 − 295.94 )

𝑄𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝑄̇ = 0.652 𝑤

̇ = 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣
𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ̇ + 𝑄𝑟𝑎𝑑
̇ = 4.331 𝑊 + 0.652 𝑊 = 5.002𝑤

̇ − 𝑄𝑖𝑛
|𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 ̇ | |5.002 𝑤 − 6.49 𝑤|
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100 = × 100
𝑄𝑖𝑛̇ 6.49𝑤

𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = 23.93 %
SECOND VALUE

The second values would be obtained using same procedure and process.

𝑇10 + 𝑇9 111.6 + 23.9

𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = = 67.75 ℃
2 2

𝑇 = 67.75℃ 𝑘 = 0.02865 𝑊 ⁄𝑚𝐾

𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑟 = 0.7183
𝑉 = 1.973 × 10−5 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠

𝑄̇ in = 19.38w

𝑈𝑐 = 4.124 𝑚⁄𝑠

Re = 2090.22

Nu = 24.572

h = 70.4 𝑤 ⁄𝑚2 𝐾

𝑄̇ conv = 14.2 w

𝑄̇ rad = 1.75 w

𝑄̇ total = 15.95w

Error = 17.7%

THIRD VALUE

The third values would be obtained using same procedure and process.

𝑇10 + 𝑇9 145.9 + 24.1

𝑇𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = = = 85℃
2 2

𝑇 = 85℃ 𝑘 = 0.02989 𝑊 ⁄𝑚𝐾

𝑃 = 1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝑃𝑟 = 0.7143
𝑉 = 2.149 × 10−5 𝑚2 ⁄𝑠

𝑄̇ in = 32.16w

𝑈𝑐 = 6.0759 𝑚⁄𝑠

Re = 2827.32
Nu = 28.82

h = 86.143 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 𝐾

𝑄̇ conv = 24.132 w

𝑄̇ rad = 2.85 w

𝑄̇ total = 26.982w

Error = 16.1%

GRAPH

Graph 1. Graph of the surface temperature of the cylinder against the air velocity in the duct.

T10 vs Uc
160
140
120
100
T10(ºC)

80
60
40
20
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Uc(m/s)
CONCLUSION

In the experiment it was seen how heat transfer from a heated cylinder, the heat loss is a

combination of both heat loss due to natural convection and radiation. In this experiment

conduction was not considered, in reality conduction should be considered as this may cause

some variations in the results. The results varied depending on whether the empirical

equation or the simplified equation was used. It was noted that as more power wan input,

more heat was generated from the cylinder and therefore more heat was transferred to the

surroundings. And from the graph it can been seen as the surface temperature of the cylinder

increased so also did the corrected value of velocity increase. Error could have occurred in

the experiment due to the equipment was not fully stable when the readings where collected

and due to the equipment took time to stabilize.