set 5 calculus

MARTINEZ TEJEDA ELINDER YAEL

October 2021

1 exercises 4.3
1. Let f (x, y, z) = z − ex siny and P = (log3, 3π
2 , −3) find:
a) the directional derivative of F at P in the direction of (1,2,2)
let B=(1,2,2)
1 1
A= √ B= B
9 3
gradf (P ) = (3, 0, 1)
we know that because in previous pages we do the grad of this f
1 5
gradf (p) ∗ A = (3 + 2) =
3 3

b)the maximum and minimum values for the directional derivative of f at

P √ √
||gradf (P )|| = ||(3, 0, 1)|| = 9 + 1 = ± 10
√ √
hence the maximum is in + 10 and the minimum in − 10
2. A temperature distribution in space is given by the function

f (x, y) = 10 + 6cosxcosy + 3cos2x + 4cos3y

at the point ( π3 , π3 ), find the direction of greatest increase of temperature

and the direction of greatest decrease of temperature
let P = ( π3 , π3 )

gradf (P ) = (−6sinxcosy − 6sin2x, −6cosxsiny − 12sin3y)

√ √
9 3 3 3
(± ,± )
2 2
√ √
hence the increase temperature is ( 9 2 3 , 3 2 3 ) and the decrease temperature
√ √
is (− 9 2 3 , − 3 2 3 )

1
 3. in what direction are the following functions of X increasing most rapidly
at the given point?
x
a) 3 at (1,-1,2) (X=(x,y,z))
||X|| 2

x 1 1 2
3 = 3 ,− 3 , 3
||X|| 2 6 4 6 4 64

b)=||X||5 at (1,2,-1,1)

||X||5 = (1, 2, −1, 1)

2 exarcises 4.4
1. let g be a function of r, let r = ||X|| and X = (x, y, z). let f (X) = g(r)
show that
dg δf δf δf
( )2 = ( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2
dr δx δy δz
δf δr dg dg x
let δx = δx dr = dr r then

dg 2 dg x 2 dg y 2 dg z 2
( ) =( ) +( ) +( )
dr dr r dr r dr r
dg
we can factor dr from x,y and z we have

dg 2 dg x dg y dg z
( ) = ( )2 ( )2 + ( )2 ( )2 + ( )2 ( )2
dr dr r dr r dr r
dg 2 dg x y z
( ) = ( )2 ( + + )2
dr dr r r r
hence we have
x2 y2 z2
2
+ 2 + 2 =1
r r r
2. Let A,B be two unit vectors such that A*B=0 let

F (t) = (cost)A + (sint)B

show that F(t) lies on the sphere of radius 1 centered at the origin, for
each value of t
let f (t)2 = cos2 t + A2 + 2(costsint)A ∗ B + sin2 tB 2 = 1
if we note A2 = B 2 = 1 because they are unit vector then
p
||f (t)|| = = cos2 t + A2 + sin2 tB 2 = 1

the norm
p is used because the formula to get to the radius is by the equation
r = x2 + y 2 so that’s prove f(t) lies on sphere of radius 1

2
3 exercises 4.5
1. Find a potential function for a force f(X) that is inversely proportional to
the distance form the point X to the origin and is in the direction of X.
using the answer of the example 2 to the book we have that

k
ψ(X) =
r
so we need the inverse of that so we only have to integrate that function
and we have
ψ(X) = kln(r)

2. same question, replacing ”distance” with ”cube of the distance”

we have
k
ψ(X) = 3
r
integrating this we have that
k
ψ(X) = −
2r2

4 5.1
1. xy + xz

δf δf δf
= y + z, = x, =x
δx δy δz
then the critical points are the solution of

y + z = 0, x = 0

and we can see that the points no have an max and min in the graphic
2. cos(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )