CHAPTER II

This chapter presents a selection of literature and studies

that has a bearing on the present study. The researchers have gone

through readings of materials, all of which has great significance

to the problem during the course of thesis writing.

RELATED READINGS

FOREIGN

According to Keely (2011), in her article, she mentioned that

students find that their greatest challenge in adjusting to grade

10 life and to succeeding in the classroom is in managing their

time effectively that even though attending class and completing

assignment is a top priority for most students, may find that they

are not allowing enough time for their studies. On the average,

students should spend about 2 hours of study for each hour of class

time. According to Cotrell (2013), in her book sees the main risk

of studies crossed time are (1.) feeling there is more time

available then there is; (2.) not developing sufficient structure

to your time to ensure one got everything done; (3.) missing

deadlines; (4.) drifting not being sure where one is in time if

one has few regular employments to mark out the time.

RELATED LITERATURE FOREIGN

According to Lam (2015), Time management is about how you

organize and plan the time you spend on specific activities. On

the surface of things, it seems that time management should be

easy and straight forward something that just happens. In practice,

time management is a skill that takes effort to develop. Time

management is about spending your time in the right places, on the

right thing. In Order to manage your time effectively, it’s

important to know your priorities, Obligations, and schedule. You

have to find the strategy that works for you.

According to Sharma (2016), time management is important for

students to do the study with focus. Time management is important

for students to get high marks. Student’s success in studies

depends much on managing time efficiently. The habits and morals

they acquired during schools’ time and home will stick with Them

throughout future. Time management shapes the student’s mind into

the direction of discipline and sense of duty. Discipline is

extremely important especially in school life to become better

students. The management is a skill that enables students to use

their time productively and efficiently. Time management is not

taught as an academic subject in school. Students have to utilize

their 24hours to become best students and experts in the subject.

The focus of learning time management skills is just to develop

the habits of spending time wisely.

LOCAL

One case to ponder on is Yeng Remulla (2011) on “manyana

habit’’ on herbook “Productive Pinoy” --- says she, the manyana

habit is something that we Filipinos have learned from Spaniards.

The word manyana means tomorrow or specified future time, also

known as procrastination in plain English, “mamaya na” In Filipino.

Remulla (2011) even described how it works; as follows:

1. One need to do something now… but then you decide to do it

later.

2. One tells him Self that he will do tomorrow…tomorrow comes, the

cycle Happens. Little as it known, procrastination becomes a habit

but Remulla (2011), contends that with a behavior that I acquired

through frequent repetition, no amount of planning or preparation

can change…that the only way to change a Habit is to replace it

with another habit. However, the traits concerning negative time

management is neither inclusive nor exclusive, individuality plays

a role. One’s style of treating time may vary from one to other.

Especially with the case of students who are taught of the value

of time and deviated from their awareness its significance and the

role it takes for success and development. Students are aware Of

the value of time. They know the saying that “time is gold”, but

they don’t Internalize the practice of this precious proverb. They

have shallow understanding of time, which is a misconception of

time. It is therefore important give them the concept of time

management. With an efficient time, management behavior, come

grater chances of completing tasks, ease of learning, more leisure

time; And with these, security of high rating in achievement in

different academic domain. It would be least ensured by the

students who practices proper time management are good study

habits.

According to Tan (2016), for Filipinos, being late and

starting things late have always been part of our culture. Many

Filipinos seems to either practice it us Accept it, so much that

we’ve been given a term for it. However, what many Filipinos don’t

realize is how crippling on our total productivity Filipino Time

can be, and how it says a lot about the character of Filipinos.

With the deep-rootedness of tardiness in Philippine culture and

literature, the horrible Manila traffic and public transportation

system, and our lack of ability to discipline ourselves, Filipino

Time will always be a glaring facet of Filipino culture, and its

strong network effects Speaks volume about the kind of people

Filipino are. Today’s society, there are legitimate reason as to

why Filipinos still have the habit of Filipino Time. One of these

is the incredible traffic Filipinos have to go through in Metro

Manila. Metro Manila is now known to have the “worst Traffic on

Earth” based on a global survey by Waze. As such, when people want

to meet up at a certain time in Manila, the unpredictable traffic

can make them either way too early or too late for their meeting.

Based on Palabrica (2011), there are moves to make “Filipino Time”,

or the Habit of many Filipinos of coming late for their

appointments, a thing of the past. Last week, the Department of

Science and Technology, in cooperation with the Philippine

representative of the Discovery Channel, announced its plan to

make Filipinos time conscious. Dubbed “Juan Time” project,

the campaign will start with Encouraging Filipinos to synchronize

their clocks and watches with the Philippines Standard Time. With

everybody aligned to the same time reference, it would no longer

be an acceptable excuse to come late on account of the wrong time

indicated in the time piece. According to some Filipino

sociologists, the tardiness habit is a carry over of the practice

during the colonial times of Spanish officials delaying their

attendance in form of functions to show their “ascendancy” over

those who came earlier. It was the kastilaloys’ subtle way of

saying that they have more important things to attend To so they

should not be expected to be as prompts as the punctual

attendances. Fifty years of American rule, which emphasized time

discipline, were not enough to wean Filipinos away from this

deplorable vestige of Spanish colonialism.

RELATED STUDIES FOREIGN

According to Mahasneh, et al (2013), time and how to manage

it is one of the things that are very important for humans. In

other words, the value is not equal for all and not everyone uses

it the same. Many of them are interested in using it at their best,

while others not. How to use time at optimum level, a range of

skills and special management is required. In other words, the

more we are familiar with it, the better we can control and manage

it. The primary purpose of this study was to assess levels of Grade

10 students Time management and it’s relation to academic

performance of Easter cabu national high school students. A sample

of 313 Grade 10 students participated in the study by responding

to the 3 item Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ). As indicated in

the results section, the mean value of the students’ response on

the time planning was 2.38, time attitudes were 2.26, and time

wasters was 2.96 signifying a low level of students’ awareness

regarding time management skills. This result indicates that

university students have not reached acceptable level of awareness

about time management skills.