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ClassNotes 94 854 Types of Waves
ClassNotes 94 854 Types of Waves
ng On 2021-Apr-08 06:22:29
WEEK 2
Types of waves
Performance Objectives
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Students should be able to;
1.
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Classify waves into longitudinal and transverse waves by using mode of
2.
vibrations
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Write down and explain the terms in the wave equation.
Types of Waves
Content
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In longitudinal waves, the vibrating particles behave like a spiral spring that has a
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series of compressed regions and spaced out regions travelling along it. Series of
compressed regions are called compression (c) while series of spaced out regions
are called rarefaction (r). See diagram (b) below.
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Y = sin? or y = cos?
? = ?t
Y = sin?t or y = cos?t
Generally, A travelling wave with amplitude ‘A’ and constant angular velocity can be
written as
Ø is a constant for a wave that did not start from the origin
2?/? = k, which we call wave number. Substituting eqn 2 into eqn 1, we have
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If we substitute ? = 2?/T and k=2?/? into eqn 3, it becomes
Example 1:
A travelling wave is given by the equation y = 0.03 Sin ( 2.2.5t ) where y and are in
metres and t is in seconds. Find the amplitude, the wavelength, the frequency, the
period and the speed of the wave.
Solution:
Y = 0.03sin(2.2x ? 3.5t)
? = 2?/k = 2 × = 2.86m
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V = f? = ?/T = = 1.59m?s
Example 2: otes.CO
The wavelength of a travelling wave is 5m at a frequency of 12 Hz.M.NG
1.
What is the wave velocity?
2.
If there is a crest at = 3m at time t, find three other positions of the crest at that
instant
3.
What time later will there be another crest at = 3m ?
4.
If the amplitude of the wave is 1.5m, write the equation of the wave.
Solution:
1. v = f? = 12 × 5 = 60m/s
X = 3m and
X = (3+5)m,
X = (3+5+5)m
X = (3 + 5 + 5 + 5)m
3. A crest will arrive again at x = 3m after one period T = 1/f = 112 = 0.083s
Y = Asin2?/?(vt ? x)
Hence, y = 1.5sin2?/5(60t ? x) or
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Y = 1.5sin2?(12t – x/5)
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