FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

ADVANCED ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

BEEI 1333 SEMESTER 2 SESI 2022/2023

LAB 3: RESONANCE

NAME OF GROUP 1. ZAM FIZUAN BIN MOHD NIZAM B082210462

MEMBERS &
MATRIX NUMBER
2. AVINASSH A/L MURUGAN B082210178

3.

COURSE 2 BEET S3/1

DATE 29 MEI 2023

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR 1. ENCIK MOHD ANUAR BIN ADIP

2.

EXAMINER’S COMMENT VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS

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1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

After the completion of this experiment, students will be able to;

1. Calculate and measure the resonance frequency of a series resonant circuit
2. Solve the maximum output voltage of a resonant circuit using the quality factor, Q of the
circuit
3. Measure the bandwidth of a series resonant circuit.

2.0 EQUIPMENT/COMPONENT

1. Oscilloscope
2. Function generator
3. Multimeter
4. Resistor 15
5. Capacitor 0.33F
6. Inductor/Decade inductor 3mH

3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY

Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in which capacitance and inductive reactance

are equal in magnitude, thereby resulting in purely resistive impedance. The RLC circuit

C1 C1

+
0.33uF 0.33uF
Rcoil

L1
2.4mH
3mH VL
Vs=2 sin ωt
e =2sinwt Vs=2 sin ωt
e =2sinwt
L1
2.4mH
3mH
R R
-

15ohm 15ohm

Figure 1: RLC circuit Figure 2: In practice, we have

to consider Rcoil in inductor

1
in Figure 1 has total impedance, Z T = R + jL + . When capacitance and inductive
j C

reactance are equal in magnitude, the circuit will have a purely resistive impedance
i.e. ZT =R. Several things happen during resonance, which are:
1. The impedance purely resistive i.e. ZT =R. LC series combination acts like a short
circuit, and entire voltage is across R.
2. Vs and I are in phase.
3. The magnitude of transfer function H() = Z() is minimum.
4. The inductor and capacitor voltage can be much more than the source voltage.

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 The Quality factor, Q of a resonant circuit is defined as the ratio of reactive power to
real power at the resonance frequency. It also can be defined as the ratio of resonant
frequency, 0 to bandwidth, B of a resonant circuit.

0 L 1 
Q= = = 0
R  0 CR B

4.0 PROCEDURE

Part A: Calculation

For circuit in Figure 2, consider the effect of Rcoil in your circuit where R = R15Ω + Rcoil.

1. Measure Rcoil in 3mH inductor. Rcoil =

2. Calculate:
0 1
a) resonant frequency, fo where f o = and  o =
2 LC

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 2
R  R  1
b) half-power frequencies f1 and f2 where 1 = − +   + and
2L  2L  LC
2
R  R  1
2 = +   + .
2L  2L  LC

c) bandwidth, B = f2 - f1

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 f0
d) quality factor, Q =
B

e) ZT during resonance.

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Part B: Measurement

1. Construct the circuit in Figure 1. By adjusting the frequency of the supply, Vs = 2 sin
t (from function generator), measure voltage across resistor VR. Observe and
measure Vs and VR using oscilloscope’s CH1 and CH2. Fill in Table 1. Make sure that
at every frequency, the amplitude of Vs is always 2V on the oscilloscope display.
Obtain current flow through resistor, IR by calculation.

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2. Plot the data (current amplitude versus frequency) in Table 1 on the semilog Graph 1.

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5.0 DISCUSSION

1. From your Graph 1, determine:

a) resonant frequency, fo.

5kHz

b) half-power frequency f1 and f2. (Hint: half-power frequency f1 and f2 occured when IR
equal to 0.707IRmax).

0.707 x 41.78 m

= 29.53mA

c) bandwidth, B.

B = f2 – f1

= 6.5k – 4k

= 2.5kHz

d) quality factor, Q.

Q = fo / B

= 5k / 2.5k

= 2

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 2. Compare your result between theoretical and measurement value for quality factor,
Q. What might cause the differences?

Theoretical value for quality factor, Q is lower than measurement value because of the
bandwidth value. It because, Theoretical is made by putting that value into formulae but
measurement is the actual figure of the given thing. But for the measurement value, we use
oscilloscope which is known as phase noise. This comprises random shifts in the phase of
the signal. This manifests itself as noise that spreads out from the main carrier. As might be
expected, this noise is not wanted and therefore needs to be minimized. The oscillator design
can be tailored to reduce this in a number of ways, the chief one being by increasing the Q,
quality factor of the oscillator tuned circuit.