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`rkpq^k`f^p*bkqobbii^p*i^p ibd^ibp*bkqbkafÄk+
alpb mloq^ibp i^p kloj^paf`q^a^p mlo ilp dl+
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qoliÅcbolpDfp`^ibp+WND*irbdlabkljfk^alNbqol+
NboÑ* m^o^cfk^ij bkqb mofs^qfw^o i^ fkarpqof^bk
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B bob`el ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^
bi^Çl/771*`r^kalpb`obÉNborNbqol*^dbk`f^
bpq^q^i bk`^od^a^ ab lqlod^oi^p if`bk`f^p m^o^
bumilo^`fÉkvbumilq^`fÉkabefaol`^o_rolp,
Ck bi ^Çl fkaf`^al bk bi m~oo^cl ^kqboflo* bi
dl_fboklabqrokl qrslbi^`fboqlab`lksl`^o
^ ilp ^`qlobp mofs^alp &@^k`l Krkaf^i fk`irf+
al' m^o^ bi^_lo^o rk^ ibv nrb ob`ldfbo^ i^p
fknrfbqrabpabilpfksbopflkfpq^pvilpfkqbobpbp
abi m^Åp, Jrbdl efwl il jfpjl m^o^ af`q^o ilp
obdi^jbkqlpnrbcrk`flk^olk^mbocb``fÉk*pfk
kb`bpfa^a ab `lkqfkr^p jlafcf`^`flkbp m^o^
fk`irfo qbj^p nrb bp`^m^k ^ ilp crk`flk^oflp
nrfbkbp kl `rbkq^k `lk i^ bumbofbk`f^ ^ab+
`r^a^* v^ nrb ob^ifw^k qo^_^glp ab bp`ofqlofl
v kl bk bi `^jml, ?abj~p* pb `lkpqfqrvÉ rk^
bjmobp^ bpq^q^i `lk oÄdfjbk mofs^al* il nrb
ib mboj fqfÉ`lkq^o`lk mboplk^i ^iq^j bkqb`^+
m^`fq^alv`lkbumbofbk`f^*mrafbkalobjrkb+
o^oilp^ab`r^a^jbkqb`ljm^o^qfs^jbkqb`lk
i^ fkarpqof^ mofs^a^ &jr`e^p sb`bp bi Cpq^al
bcb`qÑ^ bi d^pql ab `^m^`fq^`fÉk v bi cr k `fl +
k^ofl irbdl bp `lkqo^q^al mlo rk^ bjmobp^
mofs^a^ mlobiqbj^b`lkÉjf`l',
Ci obpriq^al crb rk^ ibv nrb fk`bkqfsÉ i^ fk+
sbopfÉk* v^ nrb prpqfqrvÉ ilp `lkqo^qlp mlo
pbosf`flp* mlo i^p if`bk`f^p9 qo^ kpcfofÉ  i^ m ol +
mfba^a ab ilp efaol`^o_rolp ^i fksbopflkfpq^*
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nrfbk qbkÅ^ i^ if_boq^a ab afpmlkbo ab biilp ^
pr `lksbkfbk`f^ mlo bi m^dl ab rk^ obd^iÅ^9
mboj fqfÉ nrb i^ bjmobp^ bpq^q^i pb pljbqfbo^
^ ^o_fqo^gb fkqbok^`flk^i m^o^ i^ plir`fÉk ab
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i^p kloj^p bk cloj^grpq^ `lkclojb ^i bpq^al
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ab abob`el9 ^rqlofwÉbi j^kbgl ab afsfp^p `lk
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lqo^pafpmlpf`flkbpnrb*`ljl ilabjrbpqo^bi
obpriq^al* lofdfkÉ nrb i^p bjmobp^p j~p fj +
mloq^kqbpabi jrkalsbkd^k ^i NboÑ,Cpq^jlp
e^_i^kalabi^pabkljfk^a^p5eboj^k^pnrb
`ljmobkabk^Cppl&elvCuulk'*Kl_fi*Aebsolk*
Rbu^`l* ?jl`l* Qebii* v lqo^p abklj fk^a^p
fkabmbkafbkqbp `ljl @ofqfpe Nbqolibrj* ?o`l*
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`lk`roplplif`fq^`flkbp*pbdÑkbi `^pl,
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molvb`qlA^jfpb^nrbsbkÅ^pfbkalmlpqbod^al
mlo0.^Çlp,Flvbpq^jlp`bib_o^kalj~pab/.
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v^nrbqfbkbfjm^`qlklplilbkilpfkdobplpabi
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bk ilp`lpqlp m^o^ ilp rpr^oflpnrbq^j _fÄkpb
obcibg^k bk bi mob`fl ab i^ bib`qof`fa^a* il nrb
c^slob`b^qlalpilp`fra^a^klp,
J^jbkq^_ibjbkqb* ql a l  bpqb ildol pb sb pb+
of^jbkqb ^cb`q^al mlo bi `lkl`fal bp`~ka^il
ab ilp Nbqol^raflp bk bi ^Çl 0..6* mlo rk^
sfsbw^ ab rk dorml ab j^ilp `fra^a^klp nrb
bkd^Ç^olk ^ rk^ bjmobp^ klorbd^* mbol nrb
crb mlifqfw^al* `ljl qlal qbj^ mbqolibol bk
bi NboÑ v bk bi j rkal bkqbol, ? o^Åw ab bpqb
^`lkqb`fjfbkql*pb`rbpqflkÉqla^^``fÉkabilp
crk`flk^oflpmÑ_if`lp&nrbcrbolkabkrk`f^alp
v`lkqo^nrfbkbppbqlj^olkjbafa^pbuqobj^p
`ljlbj_^odlpab _fbkbpmboplk^ibpvmolef+
_f`flkbpabp^ifa^abi m^Åp' ilnrbiÉdf`^jbkqb
lofdfkÉ nrb k^afb nrfpfbpb qlj ^o ab`fpflkbp
fj mloq^kqbp kf kb`bp^of^p* e^_fbkal `^rp^al
rk^ m^o^ifw^`fÉk bk prp^`qfsfa^abpabmolj l+
`fÉkvnrbpbobcibg^bki^ mboj^kbkqb`^Åa^ab
i^ molar``fÉk abpab af`el ^Çl ^ i^ cb`e^ v i^
abslir`fÉk ab ilqbpv obqfolabi m^Åp ab fj mlo+
q^kqbpbjmobp^pbkbi`^jmlmbqolibol,
Ck bcb`ql* abpabbpb^Çl NborNbqol kl e^`lk+
sl`^al ^ `lk`roplp kf if`fq^`flkbp ab fj mlo+
q^k`f^*kle^cfoj ^alkrbslp`lkqo^qlpvkle^
mol`bafal ^ kbdl`f^oafob`q^j bkqb i^ if`bk`f^
abkfkdÑk ilqb, K~p^rk*biafob`qloflabaf`e^
bkqfa^a dr_bok^j bkq^i e^ afpmrbpql nrb kl
pb iibsbk^`^_lbpqbqfm l ab^`qfsfa^abpvnrb
qlalpbob^if`bmlo`lk`roplplif`fq^`flkbp*m^o^
il`r^ie^bpq^_ib`falobcbobkqbpjrv^iqlpm^o^
i^`^ifcf`^`fÉkabi^pbjmobp^pmbqolibo^p*^mif`^+
`fÉkabkrbs^kloj^qfsfa^a&`ljli^`lkl`fa^
JbvabAlkpriq^Nobsf^'*vlqolpfk`lksbkfbkqbp
nrb kl^mloq^k bk k^a^ ^ plir`flk^oi^ ^`qr^i
`ofpfp bk nrb pb bk`rbkqo^ bpq^ fkarpqof^ q^k
fj mloq^kqbbkbim^Åp*mbolq^k fk`ljmobkafa^
mloi^p^rqlofa^abpbk jr`e^pl`^pflkbp,
Ck bpqb loabk ab fab^p* pb bkqfbkab bi qbj lo
ab^idrklpcrk`flk^oflpbkfkqbosbkfobkbpqlp
^prkqlp* mbol bufpqbk lqo^p sÅ^p nrb mrbabk
bjmib^opb m^o^ ildo^o fdr^i cfk* `ljl i^ qbo+
`bofw^`fÉk, Ck `^plp ab jr`e^ fj mloq^k`f^
mlo rk qbj^ abif`^al l j lkql fj mif`^al v
m^o^ ildo^o rk^ qo^kpm^obk`f^ ^ab`r^a^* pb
mrbab `lkq^o`lk lod^kfpjlp ab ob`lkl`fal
mobpqfdfl* fk`irvbkal ilp fkqbok^`flk^ibp* nrb
mrbabkiibs^o^`^_lbpqlpnrbe^`bobpvqo^pi^+
a^oilpobpriq^alpsÅ^ob`ljbka^`flkbp^ibkqb
fkqbobp^al,Cpqlbsfq^ql a l qfm l abprpmf`^`f^p
pl_obi^`lkar`q^ fkafsfar^ivildo^ rk`lj b+
qfalnrbklqfbkbmlonrÄmboabopbmlork`^pl
m^oqf`ri^onrbe^fkcirbk`f^alkbd^qfs^j bkqb
bkqla^ i^ fkarpqof^,
Nlolqoli^al*bi abpblabilpdl_fboklpabqr o+
kl* nrb* bk i^ qbloÅ^* mol`i^j^k ob`bmqfsfa^a*
_fbksbkfa^ ^ i^ fksbopfÉk v i^ molj l`flk^k
mlojÑiqfmibp jbaflp* kl^mlv^k ^ i^ fkarpqof^
bk i^ mo~`qf`^* kf ^kqbp &i^ bjmobp^ ab_b prpqf+
qr fo^iCpq^albkqbj^pdr_bok^jbkq^ibp`ljl
p^ira* bar`^`fÉk* bq`, v nrb ^ i^ mlpqob ab_b
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m^o^prfkdobpl^i~ob^ab^`qfsfa^a'*kfabpmrÄp
&pbobnrfbobkrk krjbolfjmobpflk^kqbab^r+
qlofw^`flkbpvmbojfplpmloafsbop^pbkqfa^abp
abi jfpjlCpq^al',Cpqlqlj^ jr`elpjbpbpv
e^pq^ ^Çlp* il nrb e^ molar`fal rk Äulal ab
bjmobp^pmbqolibo^pnrbab_bkab`i^o^oprilqb
bk crbow^j^vlo mlorkmolilkd^ali^mpl*m^o^
abpmrÄp abslisboil pfk nrb pb e^v^ ob^ifw^al
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m^o^ c^`fifq^o nrb ilp fksbopflkfpq^p ob^if`bk prp L.
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mlaoÅ^k iibs^o ^ `^_l i^p `lkpriq^p mobsf^p* i^p
sfpfq^p^i^pwlk^pabfjm^`ql*prmifo`lk`bkqolp
abp^iravbar`^`fÉk*fk`irvbkalmboplk^i^ab+ .9
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p^pvdobjflp*plif`fq^kalrk^ sbkq^kfii^Ñkf`^ 
nrb pb e^ molj bqfalbk s^of^plmloqrkfa^abp*
mbolnrbklpbbgb`rq^bki^ob^ifa^a,N^o^qbkbo MG
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rk^ fab^ ab i^ fkbcf`^`f^ `lk nrb pb j^kbg^k M
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bpqlp qbj^p* m^o^ ^mol_^o rk `lkqo^ql ab if+ C
`bk`f^ nrb obnrfbob pli^jbkqb ab rk Bb`obql
Qrmobjl* bk i^ mo~`qf`^ qlj^ jbpbp* `r^kal
pb mlaoÅ^ `lksl`^o ^ qlalp ilp crk`flk^oflp
fkqbosfkfbkqbp ^ rk plil^`qlv mol`baboqlalp
grkqlp^pr^mol_^`fÉk*ilnrbpfdkfcf`^oÅ^rklp L0
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ml`lp aÅ^p l pbj^k^p* ^ il prjl* v rk ^el+
ool `lkpfabo^_ib ab qfbj ml &v afkbol kl plil
^eloo^al mlo qlalp ilp ^`qlobp* pfkl q^j _fÄk
bk fkdobplp^ i^p^o`^pabi Cpq^al mbor^kl', Jl
jfpjl pr`bab `lk ilp mbojfplp* bi fkqbobp^al
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ab_bmobpbkq^oi^jfpj^fkcloj^`fÉk^afsbop^p
fkpq^k`f^pabidl_fbokl*armif`^kalbiqo^_^glv
abpmboaf`f^kalqfbj mls^iflpl, Â+
Ckqbkabjlpnrbbij^o`lobdri^qlofl*bkdbkb+ à
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Ci  m b q o É i b l  bk bi  N b o Ñ  25
 o^*mbole^vnrb^ab`r^oilvmbocb``flk^oilm^o^
bsfq^oqo^_^p bk bi abp^ooliil kloj^i ab ^`qfsf+
a^abp nrb obpriq^k pboabq^kq^ fjmloq^k`f^ v
`lkpb`rbk`f^m^o^qlalbim^Åp,J^pif`bk`f^pnrb
pblqlod^kab^`rboal^ibvplkpli^jbkqbmlo
1. ^Çlp &2. ^Çlp bk `^pl ab d^p'* abp`lkq^al
biqfbj mlabbumilo^`fÉk&e^pq^ /.^Çlp'*ilnrb
e^l`^pflk^al^idrklpmol_ibj^p^ij ljbkql
ab i^ abslir`fÉk abi ilqb ^i qÄoj fkl abi mi^wl
fkaf`^al &plil0.^Çlpbk ^idrklp `^plp', Cpql
pb molar`b abpab bi jlj bkql nrb NborNbqol
klbplmbo^alo*`ljlpÅilbo^ NbqolNboÑ*nrfbk
`lk drpql ob`f_Å^ bi ilqb absrbiql* `lk prp
fkpq^i^`flkbp bk _rbk bpq^al v crk`flk^kal,
Aljl NbqolNboÑ kl m ^oqf`fm^ bk bpqb `^pl*
Pbsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^
e^_oÅ^ nrb^k^ifw^oi^ `lksbkfbk`f^ abnrb ilp
`lkqo^qlpqbkd^k mi^wlpfkabqbojfk^alpe^pq^
nrb bpqÄk molar`fbkal v `rj mifbkal `lk ilp
`ljmoljfplp ab fksbopfÉk v molar``fÉk, ?pÅ
pbbsfq^oÅ^ i^ pfqr^`fÉk fk`Éjla^abi^^dbk`f^
abibpq^alnrbklqfbkb^iqbok^qfs^nrb_rp`^o
lqol `lkqo^qfpq^ v bsfq^o i^ qbkq^`fÉk ab e^`bo
fkqbosbkfo^NbqolNboÑnrb^`qr^ijbkqbklbpq~
pfnrfbo^`^ifcf`^alm^o^abpbjmbÇ^o^`qfsfa^abp
abbumilo^`fÉk kf[ \ âlg(jki\Xd )
Ll bpq~ abj~p j ^kfcbpq^o i^ mobl`rm^`fÉk
pl_ob i^ fk qb k ` fÉ k  abi E l_fbokl ab fk ` ir fo
clowlp^jbkqb ^ NbqolNboÑ bk ilp `lkqo^qlp ab
if`bk`f^ crqrolp* j~p ^Ñk pf bpql il e^oÅ^ pfk
^mloq^o^ i^p fksbopflkbpnrbpbobnrfbobk m^o^
i^ molar``fÉk ab mbqoÉibl v d^p, ?rknrb bpql
mrbab qbkbo _rbk^p fkqbk`flkbp* bpqb qfm l  ab
pr_pfaflpafpco^w^alpklplk_fbksfpqlpmloilp
fksbopflkfpq^p*^i jbklpkl mloqlalp,Qr_pfpqb
rk^`loofbkqbablmfkfÉknrb^Çlo^ilpqfbjmlp
m^p^alpbknrbNbqolNboÑbo^rk^bjmobp^ fk+
qbdo^a^* mbol m^o^ ildo^obpqb^kebil e^vnrb
obbpqor`qro^oi^bjmobp^bpq^q^ibfksboqfobkpr
obfkdbkfboÅ^ m^o^ ildo^o q^i cfk, Cpql pb e^ j^+
kfcbpq^al bk l`^pflkbp ^fpi^a^p mbol q^j_fÄk
pb e^k fjmrbpql moflofa^abpnrb kl mbojfqbk
afpqo^boclkalp^bpqbqfmlabl_gbqfslp,R^j_fÄk
pb e^ jbk`flk^al i^ mlpf_fifa^a ab p^`^o prp
:=OH < :MN L /1.
^``flkbp^_lip^*ilnrbklpbe^eb`elmlonrb
obnrfbob rk bpqrafl molcbpflk^i nrb kl pb e^
iibs^al^`^_l,Jlnrbe^pr`bafalj~p_fbkbp
nrbbiqbj^pfbjmobpbe^mlifqfw^al`lkobpri+
q^alpcrkbpqlpm^o^ i^ jbk`flk^a^ bjmobp^v*
^ i^ i^od^*m^o^qlalp,
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q^p e^k pfal l _ gb ql  ab mobl`rm^`fÉk pl_ob
ql a l  bk `r^kql ^i j lkql* mlo il nrb pb e^
bi^_lo^al rk obdi^j bkql ^i obpmb`ql* mbol
nrb mofk`fm^ij bkqbbpq^_ib`b rk jÅkfjl, Qfk
bj_^odl*ilj~pp^iq^kqbbpnrbÄpq^pe^kpfal
rqfifw^a^p m^o^ abqboj fk^o ^i d^k^aloab rk^
if`fq^`fÉkl`lk`ropl*gr k ql `lkbilcob`fjfbkql
ab fksbopfÉk lqo^_^gl j Åkfj l l SRC &rkfa^a
ab qo^_^gl bumilo^qlofl', Ci obpriq^al bp nrb
bk ^idrk^p wlk^p dbldo~cf`^p* bk i^ jfpj^
`rbk`^ v ^ sb`bp bk bi jfpjlv^`fjfbkql* rk
`lkqo^qfpq^ mrbab m^d^o rk mlo`bkq^gbab ob+
d^iÅ^afpqfkql^iabprsb`fkl*pli^jbkqbmlobi
eb`elab e^_bolcob`fal rk^ obd^iÅ^ j~p ^iq^
m^o^^pbdro^opbd^k^obi`lk`ropll if`fq^`fÉk
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