Perilla CBLM Final Na

References/Further Reading
Performance Criteria Checklist
Operation/Task/Job Sheet
Self Check Answer Key
Self Check
Information Sheet
Learning Experiences
Learning Outcome Summary
Module
Module Content
Content
Module
List of Competencies
Content
Module Content
In our efforts to standardize CBLM, the above

parts are recommended for use in Competency
Based Training (CBT) in Technical Education and
Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
Technology Institutions. The next sections will
show you the components and features of each
part.
1
TITLE: DATE: PUBLISHER: Document
No.
PLUMBING NC II Date Compiled by: Issued by:
MAKE PIPING JOINTS Developed: Kurt Allen P. TESDA
AND CONNECTIONS June 2018 Perilla
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TECHNICAL DRAFTING NCII
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Competencies
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

BASIC
Receive and respond to 500311101

workplace communication Receiving and responding
1.
workplace communication
Work with others 500311102
2. Working with others
Demonstrate work values 500311103
3. Demonstrating work values
Practice housekeeping 500311104
procedures Practicing housekeeping
4.
procedures
COMMON
Prepare construction Preparing construction

CON931201
1. materials and tools Materials and tools
Observe procedures, Observing procedures,

CON311201
Specifications Specifications
2. and manuals of and manuals of
instruction instruction
Perform mensuration and Performing mensuration

CON311203
3. calculations And calculation
Maintain Maintaining tools and
CON311204
4. tools and equipment equipment
CORE
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Prepare Plumbing Layout Preparing Plumbing Layout CON712344
1.
Make Piping Joints and Making Piping Joints and CON712344

Connections
2. Connections
Perform Minor Construction Performing minor construction CON712346

3. Work work
Install and Assemble Single Installing and assembling CON712347
4. Plumbing Unit
single plumbing unit
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAKE PIPING JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

MODULE TITLE: MAKING PIPING JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
MODULE DESCRIPTOR: This module covers knowledge, skills and attitude in making
pipe joints for plumbing system except copper pipes and
fittings. works,
NOMINAL DURATION: 32 hours
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module the trainees/students should be able to:
LO 1. Fit-up joints and fittings for PVC pipe safe handling of
LO 2. Perform threaded pipe joints and connections
LO3. Caulk joints
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Making piping joints and connections typically include evaluating the quality of the
Joint's tightness, ensuring proper alignment and fit, and assessing the overall
structural integrity of the connection.
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2. Factors such as leak testing, adherence to industry standards, and the use of
appropriate materials and techniques.
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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. 1
FIT-UP JOINT AND FITTING FOR PVC PIPE
CONTENTS:
1. Fit-up joints and fittings identification
2. Drainage/Waste/vents fittings
3. Working on plastic pipes
4. Plumbing tools (leveling tools)
5. Joining of plastic pipes
1. The accuracy of quantity estimations and the adherence to safety guidelines when selecting
tools and materials.
2. The appropriateness and availability of the required tools and materials for the specific task or
project, as well as the organization and readiness of the tools and materials for efficient use.
CONDITIONS: The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:
1. Tools and equipment

 Plumbing mock-up
 Hacksaw
 Spirit level
 Pipe cutter for PVC
 Pull-push rule
2. Supplies and Materials
 PVC pipes and fittings
 Sandpaper
 Solvent cement
3. PPE
 Gloves (leather)
 Safety shoes
 Goggles
Methodology
- Modular/Self learning
- Demonstration
Assessment Method
- Written test
- Demonstration/performance test
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Learning Outcome No. 1
FIT-UP JOINT AND FITTING FOR PVC PIPE
Learning Activities Special Instructions
Read: Information Sheet 2.1.1 Read and understand the information sheet and
check yourself by answering Self-check. You
“Relay information in a clear and concise
must answer all questions correctly before
manner using appropriate communication proceeding to the next activity.
techniques” Task sheet will help you practice your skills.
Answer: Self-Check 2.1.1 The performance criteria checklist will guide

and help you evaluate your work as you are
Perform: Job Sheet 2.1.1 (1-3) practicing your skill.
Read: Information Sheet 2.1.2 Evaluate your own work using the performance
“Relay information in a clear and concise criteria. When you are ready, present your work
to your trainer for final evaluation and
manner using appropriate communication recording.
techniques” The output of this LO is a complete
Answer: Self-Check 2.1.2 Institutional Competency Evaluation
Perform: Job Sheet 2.1.1 (1-2) Package for one Competency of Plumbing
NC II. Your output shall serve as one of your
portfolio for your Institutional Competency
Evaluation for fit-up joints and fittings for
PVC pipe.
Feel free to show your outputs to your trainer
as you accomplish them for guidance and
evaluation.
This Learning Outcome deals with the
development of the Institutional Competency
Evaluation Tool which trainers used in
evaluating their trainees after finishing a
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competency of the qualification.
Go through the learning activities outlined
for you on the left column to gain the
necessary information or knowledge before
doing the tasks to practice on performing the
requirements of the evaluation tool.
After doing all the activities for this LO1: Fit-

up joints and fittings for PVC pipe; you are
ready to proceed to the next LO2: PERFORM
THREADED PIPE JOINTS AND
CONNECTIONS.
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Information Sheet 2.1 - 1
(Fit-up joints and fittings)
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify materials for fit-up joints and fittings for PVC pipes.
2. Prepare and construct fit-up joints and fittings for PVC pipes.
Pipe joints
joints in water supply are major components

of plumbing system provided to connect
multiple pipes. There are several types of
pipe joints, but their selection depends on
pipe sizes, material and flow pressure etc..
Pipe joint provided should withstand pressure
of each pipe.
Fit-up joints
“Fit up joints” in plumbing refer to the process of connecting or joining plumbing

pipes and fittings together to create a secure and leak-free connection. It involves
ensuring that the pipes and fittings are aligned properly and fit together snugly to
establish a watertight seal.
What are the steps to be involved in fit-up joints?
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The fit up joints typically involve the following steps:
Preparation: The pipes and fittings are inspected to ensure they are clean, free from
debris, and in good condition. Any rough edges or burrs are smoothed out to facilitate
a proper fit.
Measurement and cutting: The pipes are measured and cut to the required length
using appropriate tools such as a pipe cutter. It is crucial to have accurate
measurements to ensure a precise fit.
Dry fitting: Dry fitting involves assembling the pipes and fittings without any
adhesive or sealant. This step helps to verify the accuracy of the cut and ensures that
the components fit together properly.
Cleaning and applying sealant: Before the final assembly, the pipes and fittings are
cleaned to remove any dirt or grease. A suitable plumbing sealant, such as Teflon tape
or pipe joint compound, is applied to the threaded portions of the fittings to provide
additional sealing and prevent leaks.
Assembly: The pipes and fittings are joined together by hand, using appropriate
plumbing techniques such as threading, soldering, or using compression fittings. The
components are tightened securely, but not excessively, to avoid damaging the threads
or causing leaks.
Testing: Once the fit up joints are completed, the plumbing system is tested to ensure
there are no leaks. This may involve turning on the water supply and inspecting for
any signs of water leakage or using specialized equipment like pressure gauges to
assess the system’s integrity.
Properly fitted up joints are crucial for a plumbing system’s functionality and
longevity. They ensure the efficient flow of water and prevent leaks that can lead to
water damage and other issues.
Fittings
A pipe fitting is used in plumbing system to join multiple pipes of same size or
different sizes, to regulate the flow or to measure the flow.
What are the different materials for fittings?

They are made up of different materials such as
 Copper
 Iron
 Brass
 PVC
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Common materials of construction for pipe fittings include metals like aluminum, brass, bronze,
carbon , stainless steel, cast iron, titanium, zirconium, rubber and plastic like EPDM, CPVC,
elastomer, nylon, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PTFE or PTFE lined, polyvinyl chloride
(PVC), and other materials like ceramic or ceramic lined, clay or vitrified clay, concrete, fiberglass or
composite, glass or glass lined etc.
Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) System
The drain-waste-vent system, also known as the sanitary system, is all of the plumbing in
your home minus the water supply system. This includes the drainpipes, drains, and vents.
When wastewater enters the drain system, it has to flow past the drain trap—a U- or P-shaped
piece of pipe that creates a water seal to prevent sewer gases from entering the home. Every
drain in your home should have a goosenecked P-trap.
The drainpipes send water to the main sewer line, located underground. The main sewer line
sends water to the municipal sewer system or septic tank, if you have one according to figure
1.1
Figure 1.1
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Working on PVC
The acronym PVC stands for Polyvinyl Chloride. Polyvinyl chloride is a kind of
plastic that is structurally rigid and non-corrosive. This means it’s very strong and
won’t disintegrate from use.
Plastic PVC pipe is most commonly used by plumbers and clever DIY enthusiasts.
This pipe material was designed to transport water because it won’t wear out over
time like rusting steel can. PVC is also structurally very strong.
Preparation and Construction for fit-up joints and fittings for PVC Pipes
When preparing for fit up joints and fittings for PVC pipes, there are a few key steps to
follow. Here's a general guide to help you with the preparation and construction process:
When preparing for fit up joints and fittings for PVC pipes, there are a few key steps to follow. Here's
a general guide to help you with the preparation and construction process:
1. Gather the necessary materials and tools.

2. Measure and mark the pipe lengths.
3. Cut the pipes.
4. Dry-fit the pipes and fittings.
5. Clean the pipe surfaces.
6. Apply PVC primer.
7. Apply PVC cement.
8. Check for proper alignment.
9. Allow curing time.
10. Test the joint.
Tools and Equipment for Fit-up Joints and fittings for PVC Pipes
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
Safety Glasses
Respirator
Solvent-proof gloves
Heat-resistant gloves
Cleaning and Prepping
Steel wool
Sandpaper
Acetone
Sanding block
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Colorfast rags or paper towels
Measure, Mark, Square, and Clamp
Dry-erase markers
Measuring tape
Calipers, optional – but occasionally helpful
4” bar clamps
Cutting
Miter box
Ratcheting pipe cutter
Hacksaw
Deburring tool
Rotary tool
Spade bits
Drill/driver
Gluing
PVC primer
PVC clear cement
Techniques in performing fit-up joints and fittings for PVC Pipes
How can I execute a proper fittings for PVC pipes?
Here are some ways to do it which are;

1. Cut PVC pipe with handsaw, then deburr the inside of pipe to remove any roughness.
2. Dry-assemble the pipe and fittings.
3. Use felt-tip marker to draw positioning lines across pipe and fittings.
4. Clean pipe end and inside of fitting with PVC primer.
5. Apply PVC cement to pipe end and inside of fitting.
6. Immediately assemble the glued part, making sure the positioning marks are aligned.
7. Hold the assembly together for three seconds.
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Self- Check 2.1-1
(ENUMERATION) : List down or enumerate what are being asked on each of

the following item.
1-6. List down the steps in proper fittings for PVC pipes.
7-15. List down some of the tools, PPE, and Materials for fittings in a
PVC pipes.
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ANSWER KEY 2.1-1
1. Preparation
2. Measurement and cutting
3. Dry fitting
4. Cleaning and applying sealant
5. Assembly
6. Testing
7. -15.
Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)
Safety Glasses
Respirator
Solvent-proof gloves
Heat-resistant gloves
Tools
Dry-erase markers
Measuring tape
Caliper
4” bar clamps
Ratcheting pipe cutter
Hacksaw
Deburring tool
Rotary tool
Spade bits
Drill/driver
Materials
Steel wool
Sandpaper
Acetone
Sanding block
Colorfast rags or paper towels
PVC Pipes
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JOB SHEET 2.1-1 (1)
Title: Prepare a proper fit-up joint for a PVC pipe
Performance Objective: Given the task you are assigned. You are given necessarily tools,
materials and time to execute the task. You will give five to (15) minutes to prepare the basic
Materials and tools and (2) hours to perform the task.
Supplies/Materials :
1.5 meters of 2 PVC Pipes
2 with a measurement of 1/8inc of elbow threaded PVC Fittings
1 kilo of PVC Cement
100cc of PVC Primer
3 in any size Pipe Cleaner/Rag
1 Measuring Tape
Equipment :
Hacksaw or PVC Pipe Cutter

Deburring Tool or Sandpaper
Safety Gear such as;
Gloves, googles, Mask, and PPE suit
Clean and Dry Work Surface
Steps/Procedure:
1. Measure and Cut the PVC Pipes:

 Use a measuring tape to determine the required length of each PVC pipe.
 Mark the measurement on the pipe.
 Use a hacksaw or PVC pipe cutter to cut the pipe at the marked point.
Ensure a clean and square cut.
2. Prepare the Pipes and Fittings:
 Use a deburring tool or sandpaper to remove any rough edges or burrs
from the cut ends of the pipes.
 Wipe the outside and inside of the pipes and fittings with a clean rag or
pipe cleaner to remove any dirt or debris.
3. Apply PVC Primer:
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 Apply PVC primer to the outside of the pipe end and the inside of the
fitting socket that will be joined together.
 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific primer you are
using.
 Allow the primer to dry for the recommended time.
4. Apply PVC Cement:
 Apply PVC cement to the primed areas of the pipe end and fitting socket.
Apply an even and generous coat of cement.
 Be careful not to apply cement to areas that will not be in contact with
each other.
 Ensure that the cement covers the entire primed area.
5. Assemble the Joint:
 Insert the pipe end into the fitting socket while aligning the joint properly.
 Give the pipe a quarter turn or a slight twist to ensure an even distribution
of the cement.
 Hold the joint firmly in place for a few seconds to allow the cement to set.
6. Wipe Excess Cement:
 Use a clean rag or pipe cleaner to wipe away any excess
cement that may have squeezed out from the joint.
 Clean the joint and surrounding area to ensure a neat and
professional appearance.
7. Allow the Joint to Cure:
 Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the specific PVC
cement you are using regarding the curing time.
 Allow the joint to cure undisturbed for the recommended
duration. This will ensure a strong and durable bond.
8. Repeat for Additional Joints:
 Repeat the above steps for each joint in your PVC pipe
system, ensuring proper measurements and alignment.
9. Inspect and Test the Joints:
 After the joints have cured, inspect them visually to ensure
they are securely bonded and free from any visible defects.
 Conduct a pressure or leak test if necessary to ensure the
integrity of the joints and the overall system.
Assessment Method:
Perform Assessment using the Performance Criteria Checklist.
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Performance Criteria Checklist 2.1-1 (1)
Trainee’s name:_______________________ Date:_________
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Explain the different fittings suited for joints in
PVC pipes.
2. Use safe practices in handling tools and surfaces
and machineries.
3. Practice proper hygiene particularly on cleaning
the pipes and tools.
4. Properly observed and practiced Safety and
health.
5. Work in simple manner.
6. Worked on the required time duration.
7. Applied the proper methods and techniques.
8. Proper use of tools and materials.
9. Executed the task according to the procedures.
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
Comments/Suggestions and Feedbacks:

_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________.
________________ ________________
Trainee’s Signature Trainee’s Signature
Date: Date:
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Perform threaded pipe joints and connections
CONTENTS:
1. Blue print reading

2. Threaded pipe joints and connections identifications
3. Procedures in threading GI pipes
4. Tables for Thread engagement
5. Sealant materials
1. All measurements are in accordance with the piping lay-out/plans and specifications.
2. Threaded connections are done in accordance with the piping table and specifications
and approved standard procedures.
3. All complete thread should penetrate the fittings so that one to two incomplete thread
is visible on the joints.
4. Teflon tape or other related materials are fitted properly to ensure watertight joint.
4. Tools and equipment

 Working steel table with pipe vise
 Pipe threader
 Pipe reamer
 Pipe wrench
 Pull-push rule
 Oil can
 Steel brush
5. Supplies and Materials
 G.I. pipes
 Elbow, Tee (for testing)
6. PPE
 Gloves (leather)
 Safety shoes
 Goggles
Methodology
- Demonstration
Assessment Method
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- Written test
PERFORM THREADED PIPE JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
Read: Information Sheet 2.3-1 Read and understand the information sheet and
Answer: Self-Check 2.3-1 The performance criteria checklist will guide

Perform: Job Sheet 2.3-1(1) practicing your skill.
Evaluate your own work using the performance
criteria. When you are ready, present your work
recording.
The output of this LO is a complete
Institutional Competency Evaluation
Package for one Competency of Plumbing
Evaluation for Perform Threaded for Pipe
Joins And Connections
evaluation.
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After doing all the activities for this LO2 :

Perform Threaded Joints and Connections;
you are ready to proceed to the next
LO3:CAULK
Information Sheet 2.2-1

1. Understand blueprint reading

2. Identify materials for threading and connections for pipes
3. Prepare and construct fit-up joints and fittings for PVC pipes.
Blueprint reading
Blueprints provide a map for building a
home. The symbols on the blueprints tell
carpenters, plumbers and electricians all
they need to know about the home’s
design and building materials. Plumbing
blueprints detail everything from the type
and size of sinks to the location of gas
lines, drains and vents. Most times,
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plumbers must take extensive courses to learn how to read all the details of a
plumbing blueprint. In this blog we give a crash course on how to understand
blueprints and different things to consider when reading them.
Blueprints are 2-dimensional architectural design drawings that indicate the size of a
planned building, the materials to be used during construction, and the placement of
its features. In 1842, chemist and photographer John Herschel developed the process
of making blueprints by using a chemical process called cyanotype.
How do you use a blueprint?
Step 1: Obtain a plumbing symbols guide. You’ll find legends online, or you may
obtain books from the library that list the hundreds of symbols that might be used in
plumbing plans or drawings.
Step 2: Spread the drawing on a table, counter or other flat surface that will allow you
to read the entire page at once. Familiarize yourself with the general layout of the
house, focusing on the kitchen, bathrooms and laundry rooms, where plumbing is
concentrated.
Step 3: Read the schedules that accompany the drawings. A schedule is a guide to the
various symbols used in the blueprints. The schedule will specify the type of materials
to be used in the particular job.
Step 4: Identify the symbols for major plumbing fixtures such as sinks, showers,
bathtubs and toilets. From these symbols, trace the drain lines and vents. Consult the
plumbing symbol guide if you’re unsure of the meaning of any symbols.
Step 5: Be on the lookout for symbols for gas lines, sewer connections or water piping
for radiant heating. Plumbers handle these aspects of home building, too, and they are
included in plumber’s blueprints.
Here is some samples;
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Threaded Pipe Joints
Threaded connections are frequently used when it comes to small bore pipework with
nominal sizes of NPS 2 or less. This is the earliest and most well-liked way of linking
pipes. For non-critical applications with lower temperatures and pressure services,
threaded pipe fittings are employed.
The plumbing industry uses threaded fittings the most frequently. The threads per
inch, pitch diameter, and typical engagement lengths for all pipe sizes are provided by
the American Standard, which also acts as the dimensional standard for taper pipe
threads.
Forging is used to create threaded steel fittings. They come in a variety of thread
types, including NPT, BSPP, BSPT, PF, PT, and MPT. Even though threaded fittings
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are mostly used for connecting small bore pipework, they are nevertheless available in
sizes up to 4″ and are occasionally employed.
Cast grey or malleable iron, cast brass or bronze, or forged alloy and carbon steel are
the typical materials used to make threaded fittings.
Class 2000, 3000, and 6000 are the three pressure ratings that are offered.
What are kinds of threaded pipe joints?

When it comes to different thread types, most people who work in the fluid-power
industry will recognize American pipe threads (NPT/NPTF) as well as SAE or
Unified threads (UN/UNF). However, threads and connections are divided into six
main types:
UN/UNF
NPT/NPTF
BSPP (BSP, parallel)
BSPT (BSP, tapered)
Metric parallel
Metric tapered
How can I identify them?
As you start, make sure you have two thread identifying tools on your kit:
Pitch Gauge
A pitch gauge is a tool used to measure the

distance between the crests of threads. For
NPT, UN/UNF, BSPP, and BSPP we
measure the number of threads per inch. If
you have the metric threads, the pitch
gauge identifies the distance between each
individual crest in millimeters.
Caliper
A caliper is used to measure the diameter of a thread. For male threads, it measures
the outside diameter, for a female thread – inside diameter, respectively. For advanced
users, a digital caliper is available from multiple retailers. It saves your time and
simplifies the process.
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STEP 1. STEP 2. STEP 3. STEP 4.
THREAD
TAPERED OR DETERMINE THREAD SIZE DESIGNATE THE
TYPE
PARALLEL THE PITCH MATTERS THREAD
UN/UNF Measure with Size-pitch, type 3/4-16

Parallel 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24
(SAE) caliper UN/UNF
Compare with Size-pitch, type 1/4-18

NPT/NPTF Tapered 11 ½, 14, 18, 27
profile NPT
Compare with
BSPP Parallel 11, 14, 19, 28 G, size* G1/8
profile
Compare with
BSPT Tapered 11, 14, 19, 28 R, size* R1/2
profile
Metric Measure with M, size X pitch

Parallel 1.0, 1.5, 2.0
Parallel caliper M14X1.5
M, size x pitch, keg or

Metric Measure with
Tapered 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 Taper, M10 x 1 keg or
Tapered caliper
Taper
Threading on GI Pipes
Before starting to thread a GI pipe, Let us first know what is a GI pipe.
GI Pipe(Galvanized Iron Pipe)

Are pipes that have been coated with a layer of
zinc to prevent rusting and increase its
durability and lifespan. This protective
barrier also resists corrosion and wear and
tear from constant exposure to harsh
environmental elements and indoor humidity.
Durable, versatile and low-maintenance, GI

pipes are ideal for a number of heavy-duty
industrial applications.
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GI pipes are commonly used for:
Plumbing – Water supply and sewage systems use GI pipes as they can withstand harsh
weather conditions and are long-lasting, able to last for 70 years depending on application.
Gas and oil transmission – GI pipes are corrosion-resistant or can be applied with anti-
corrosion coating, allowing them to last for up to 70 or 80 years despite constant use and
extreme environment conditions.
Scaffolding and railing – GI pipes can be used to create scaffolding and protective railings in
construction sites.
Fencing – A GI pipe can be used to create bollards and boundary marks.

Agriculture, marine and telecommunications – GI pipes are designed to be resilient against
constant use and consistent exposure to changing environments.
Automotive and aerospace application – GI pipes are lightweight, rust-resistant and
malleable, making them staple materials when constructing aircrafts and land-based vehicles.
What are some advantages of a GI pipe?
 Durability and longevity – GI pipes boast a protective zinc barrier, which prevents
corrosion from reaching and penetrating the pipes, thereby making it resistant to wear
and tear and adding to its lifespan.
 Smooth finish – Galvanization not only makes GI pipes rust-resistant, but scratch-
resistant as well, resulting in a smoother and more attractive exterior.
 Heavy-duty applications – From irrigation system development to large-scale
building constructions, GI pipes are the most ideal for piping, in terms of cost-
effectiveness and maintenance.
 Cost-effectiveness – Considering its quality, life span, durability, easy installation
and handling, and maintenance, GI pipes are generally low-cost in the long run.
 Sustainability – GI pipes are used everywhere, from cars to houses to buildings, and
can be continuously recycled thanks to their durability.
Now that you recognized what are GI Pipes let us know learn how to thread them.
Tools
- Pipe Cutter
- Pipe Reamer
- Pipe Threader
- Die Heads
- Pipe Vise
- Cutting oil
- Tape measure
- Teflon tape
- Deburring tool
- Monkey wrench
Materials
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- GI pipes
- Thread Sealant
-
PPE
- Safety Google
- Facemask
- Hardhat Helmet
- Leather Gloves/Rubber Gloves
- Leather Shoes
Procedures
1. Prepare the Work Area: Clear the work area of any obstacles or debris.
Ensure you have sufficient space to work comfortably and safely.
2. Measure and Mark: Measure and mark the desired length on the GI
pipe using a tape measure. Make sure to account for any fittings or
connections that will be added later.
3. Cut the Pipe: Use a pipe cutter to cut the GI pipe at the marked
length. Ensure that the cut is clean and perpendicular to the pipe’s
axis.
4. Remove Burrs: Use a pipe reamer or a deburring tool to remove any
burrs or rough edges from the cut end of the pipe. This will ensure a
smooth surface for threading.
5. Apply Cutting Oil: Apply cutting oil or thread cutting oil to the cut end
of the pipe and the die heads. The cutting oil lubricates the cutting
process, reduces friction, and helps extend the life of the threading
tools.
6. Secure the Pipe: Place the GI pipe securely in a pipe vise to prevent it
from moving during threading. Ensure that the pipe is held firmly but
without causing damage.
7. Thread the Pipe: Attach the appropriate die head to the pipe threader.
Begin threading by turning the threader handle clockwise. Apply
steady pressure and maintain a consistent speed to create clean and
even threads. Continue threading until you reach the desired depth,
which is typically around 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the pipe.
8. Clean Threads: After threading, use a wire brush or a cloth to remove
excess cutting oil and debris from the threaded portion of the pipe.
This will ensure a proper fit and prevent any obstructions during the
connection.
9. Inspect the Threads: Inspect the threads for any signs of damage,
irregularities, or incomplete threading. If any issues are found,
rethread the pipe as necessary. After that tighten the connections and
joint them.
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June 2023
Self- Check 2.1-1
TRUE OR FALSE
(Directions): Read the statements carefully and properly, write True if the
statement or sentence is correct or right and False if it is not. Write your
answers on the given space before each number.
____1. GI pipes are made out of polymer substances.
____2. A blueprint only displays in-text of the plan.
____3. The caliper is a measuring tool to be use in measuring the diameter
of a thread and joint.
____4. GI pipes are well known to be unstable.
____5. In performing proper threading of GI pipes, first we must determine
the fitted thread for the pipe.
____6. Threaded pipe joints and connections are considered to be a
permanent method of joining pipes.
____7. Threaded pipe joints are partnered with the use of sealants or Teflon
tape to create a watertight seal and avoid leakages.
____8. Once the pipes are joint together they CANNOT be disassembled.
____9. Proper PPPE such as leather shoes are suited in handling GI pipes.
____10. GI pipes are commonly the same size.
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ANSWER KEY 2.1-1
1. False 10. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. Trues
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. True
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JOB SHEET 2.1-2
Title: Perform a proper threading joint connection on a GI pipe
Materials and tools and (2) hours to perform the task.
1.5 meters of 2 GI Pipes
2 with a measurement of 11 inch of UN/UNF threaded GI pipes
1 Teflon tape
3 in any size Pipe Cleaner/Rag
1 Measuring Tape
16 oz. of thread cutting oil
Equipment :
- Pipe Cutter
- Pipe Reamer
- Pipe Threader
- Die Heads
- Pipe Vise
- Cutting oil
- Tape measure
- Teflon tape
- Deburring tool
- Monkey wrench
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Steps/Procedure:
Prepare the GI tube.

 Measure and mark the desired length on the GI tube with a tape measure. Make
sure the tube is clean and free of dirt and debris.
Secure the tube.

 Place the GI tube firmly in the tube vise, making sure it is held firmly but not
damaged. Make sure you can thread the screw through the marked end of the
tube.
Apply cutting oil.
 Apply cutting or tapping oil to the marked end of the GI tube and the die head to
lubricate the cutting process and reduce friction. Please select a cutting head:
 Choose a die head that meets UN/UNF thread specifications with a thread length
of 11 inches. Make sure the nozzle head is compatible with the GI tube diameter.
Install the cutting head.
 Insert the GI tube into the nozzle head and align it with the nozzle head opening.
Make sure the tube is fully inserted and properly centered.
Start a thread:
 Hold the nozzle head and twist it clockwise to attach it to the GI tube. Apply even
pressure and maintain a constant speed. Continue screwing until you reach your
desired 11-inch thread length.
Check the thread.
 After threading is complete, visually inspect the threads for signs of damage,
unevenness, or incomplete threading. If a problem is found, rethread the pipe
using the appropriate cutting head.
Clean the threads.
 Remove excess cutting oil and residue from the tube threads with a wire brush or
cloth. This ensures a correct fit and prevents failures when connecting.
Connect pipes.
 Connect threaded GI tubing using appropriate fittings such as couplers or unions.
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Ensure connections are compatible with UN/UNF thread specifications.
Tighten the connections securely.

 Tighten the threaded connection using a pipe wrench. Do not overtighten as this
may damage the threads or cause leakage. Leak test:
 After connecting the pipes, check the system for leaks by running water or air
through the pipes. Check all connections and fittings for signs of leaks. If leaks
are found, make necessary adjustments or repairs.
Assessment Method:

CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Explain the different thread suited for joints in GI
pipes.
2. Use safe practices in handling tools and surfaces
and machineries.
3. Practice proper hygiene particularly on cleaning
the pipes and tools.
health.
7. Applied the proper methods and techniques.
9. Executed the task according to the procedures.
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Caulk-Joints
CONTENTS:
1. Procedure in cutting cast iron pipe

2. Procedure in caulking cast iron pipes
3. Tables for amount of lead and oakum in caulking CI pipes
1. Joints are firmly packed with oakum or hemp and fitted with molten pig lead
or epoxy to a depth of not less than 25.4 mm.
2. Lead or epoxy is caulked thoroughly at the inside and outside edges of the
joint.
3. Caulked joint is extended not more than 3.2 mm below the rim of the hub.
4. Couplers are used to connect pipes and fittings to hubless pipes.
Tools and equipment

 Melting pot
 Ladle
 Lead runner
 Caulking tool/yarning tools
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 Bullpen hammer
 Cold chisel
Supplies and Materials
 Cast Iron 4x4 wye
 Cast Iron 3x3 wye
 Cast Iron pipe (single hub, 4 in. diameter)
 Cast Iron pipe (single hub, 3 in. diameter)
 Oakum
 Lead
PPE
 Safety shoes
 Gloves
 Safety googles
Methodology
- Demonstration
Assessment Method
- Written test
CAULK-JOINTS
Read: Information Sheet 2.3-1 Read and understand the information sheet and
Answer: Self-Check 2.3-1 The performance criteria checklist will guide

Perform: Job Sheet 2.3-1(1) practicing your skill.
Evaluate your own work using the performance
criteria. When you are ready, present your work
recording.
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The output of this LO is a complete
Institutional Competency Evaluation
Package for one Competency of Plumbing
Evaluation for Caulk-Joints
evaluation.
After doing all the activities for this LO3 :

CAULK-JOINTS; you are ready to proceed to
the next Competency.
Information Sheet 2.3-1
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1. Identify Caulk-Joints and cast iron pipes.

2. Identify the materials for caulking cast iron pipes.
3. Understanding the table for amount of lead and oakum in caulking CI pipes.
4. Prepare and construct proper caulking for cast iron pipes.
Caulking Joints
A type of joint used for cast-iron pipe having hub-
and-spigot ends. After the spigot-end of one pipe is
placed inside the hub-end of the other, a rope of
oakum or hemp is packed into the annular space
around the spigot end until the packing is about 1
inch (2.5 cm) below the top. Then molten lead is
poured into the annular space on top of the rope.
Finally, the lead is pounded farther into the joint
with a caulking iron.
What does caulking mean?
Caulking is a general term in any field of construction. Caulking is the application of

caulk, a sealant used to fill gaps or seams in pipe joints to ensure watertight or gas-
tight integrity of those joints. Water-tight seams and joints are essential in
underground piping. This is a fundamental process in trenchless construction.
The Materials Needed for Caulking on Cast Iron Pipes
Before knowing the materials for Caulking, let us first get to know what a cast iron pipe is;
Cast Iron Pipes
Cast iron (CI) pipes were mainly used for

the transportation of water and sewage
before plastic pipes were invented. They are
one of the oldest piping systems present
today and are now being replaced by high-
density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes and
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes. Some cast-
iron pipes are still in working condition, but
most have deteriorated and are in need of
replacement due to rust and corrosion.
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Cast iron pipes have a lifespan of 75 to 100 years, but evidence shows that some have
lasted much longer. Cast iron pipes can handle low wastewater pressures even if the
corrosion has occurred because of the thickness of its walls.
What are the features of a Cast Iron Pipe?
- More Durable
- Less Likely to Leak
- Low Maintenance
- Can withstand High Water Pressure
- Good absorbent to heat
But there are some disadvantages to it which are:
- Rust
- Costing
- Installation
- Corrosion
- Weight
- Noise
After learning what are Cast Iron Pipes, Let us now understand how Caulking
works on Cast Iron Pipes.
Caulking on cast iron pipes refers to a method used to seal joints between sections of cast iron pipes
in plumbing systems. Cast iron pipes have been commonly used in the past for various plumbing
applications, although they are less prevalent today due to the popularity of other materials like PVC
and ABS.
When cast iron pipes are installed, they are typically
joined together using a technique called “caulking.”
Caulking involves creating a tight seal by packing a
flexible material, known as oakum, into the joint
between two pipe sections. Oakum is a rope-like
material made from jute fibers that have been coated
with tar or a similar waterproof substance.
After the oakum is packed tightly into the joint, a
molten material called “lead” is poured over it. The
lead fills the remaining gaps and creates a watertight
and durable seal. The process of pouring the lead is known as “lead caulking” or “molten lead
jointing.” The lead cools and solidifies, providing a secure connection between the cast iron pipes.
What is oakum?
Oakham is a preparation of tar fibers used to close gaps. Traditionally, the main
application has been in shipbuilding, where it has been used for timber joints on
wooden ships and for crimping and compacting deck plates on steel ships. For sealing
cast iron pipe connections in sanitary areas. And also in building log cabins.
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June 2023
Lead caulking was a commonly used method in the past because it was effective in creating a reliable
and long-lasting seal. However, the use of lead in plumbing applications has decreased significantly
over time due to concerns about its toxicity. Lead can contaminate drinking water if it leaches from
the pipes, posing health risks, especially for children and pregnant women.
It’s important to note that if you are working with an existing plumbing system that contains cast iron
pipes joined with lead caulking, it is advisable to consult with a professional plumber or a plumbing
expert for guidance on any repairs or modifications. They can recommend the most suitable and safe
methods to address any issues with the cast iron pipes while adhering to current plumbing standards
and regulations
Lead and Oakum Required to Caulk Cast Iron Soil Pipe Joints
Oakum is made from a vegetable fiber and used for packing hub and spigot joints.
Cotton and hemp can also be used. These materials are usually twisted loosely into strands or
braided and formed into a circular or rectangular cross section. A rough rule-of-thumb
method for estimating oakum requirements is to take 10 percent of the weight of the lead
required for caulking. The table provides a more accurate method for estimating oakum
requirements.
37
No.
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Revised: # 00
June 2023
Lead quantities can be roughly estimated by rule-of-thumb as 12 ounces per inch of diameter
as a minimum. Thus a 4 inch diameter pipe would require 3 pounds of lead as a minimum.
An 8 inch diameter pipe would require 6 pounds of lead. This allows for skimming-off and
for a reasonable loss due to spillage in pouring. Table 6 lists suggested lead quantities for
various pipe and fitting diameters. The amounts shown apply only to cast iron soil pipe and
fittings made according to ASTM Standard A-74.
Techniques in Proper Caulking Joints on CI Pipes

Properly prepare the surface to be caulked
Before creating a new caulk joint, the surface to which the sealant will be applied must be
properly prepared.
Remove old sealant if necessary
If replacing an existing joint, first completely remove the old sealant. Abrasive tools can be
used to remove traces of dirt.
Clean surface with solvent
To clean the surface and allow the sealant to adhere, it must then be wiped with a solvent. I
use two towels for this. Moisten with solvent first and rub to remove dirt. Then wipe with a
second clean, dry cloth before the solvent evaporates. Bond within 1 hour after cleaning to
avoid surface contamination.
Apply primer and insert support rods.

38
No.
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June 2023
The next step is to apply a primer that maximizes the adhesion of the sealant and thus the
tightness of the caulk joint. This he should do within an hour before applying the sealer and
requires about 20 minutes of drying time. Then insert a support rod that is 25-50% wider than
the space you plan to fill with the caulk joint. Support poles may not be available in some
cases. In this particular case, applying the tape properly could be an effective strategy to
circumvent his three-point adhesion.
Apply sealant and adjust the shape
Then use a caulking gun to apply a suitable sealant. Use quality tools to apply an even
amount of sealant. For visually pleasing results, use a suitable tool, such as a wooden stick,
and a solution of 5% clear dishwashing liquid and 95% water to the specified volume to clean
the joint. Shape and finish. However, do not apply this solution directly to the sealant as it
may reduce adhesion.
Self- Check 2.1-1

ENUMERATION
(Directions): List down the required answers based on the question for the
item numbers.
1-11. List down the feature and disadvantages of a Cast Iron Pipe.
12-20. List down the sample of sizes for CI(Cast Iron) Pipes from smallest to biggest.
39
No.
Date Revision
Revised: # 00
June 2023
ANSWER KEY 2.1-1
1. More Durable
2. Less Likely to Leak
3. Low Maintenance
4. Can withstand High Water Pressure
5. Good absorbent to heat
6. Rust
7. Costing
8. Installation
9. Corrosion
10. Weight
11. Noise
12. 2.
13. 3.
14. 4.
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No.
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June 2023
15. 5.
16. 6.
17. 8
18. 10.
19. 12.
20. 15.
JOB SHEET 2.1-2

Title: Perform Proper Caulk Casting on CI Pipes
Materials and tools and (3.5) hours to perform the task.
2 size 4 CI pipes with a measurement of 1 meter each
50cm of Oakum
2 pieces of Caulking lead for the depth of a 1 inch
41
No.
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June 2023
Equipment :
- Melting pot
- Heat resistant Ladle
- Lead runner
- Caulking tool/yarning tools
- Bullpen hammer
- Cold chisel
- Heat resistant gloves
- PPE suit
- Safety googles
- Earmuffs
Steps/Procedure:
Before you start, make sure each end of the pipe is smooth and clean. The edges of the
pipe should be a clean cross-section; Avoid pipes with cross ends. Also, make sure that
any gaskets and accessories you use are clean and in good condition.
First place a fitting on your pipe.
 Please don't push it too far or you will pull it into the seal. Place the spacer on the
end of the tube until it touches the mold shoulder, otherwise it will not advance
any further. Then connect your second pipe to the coupling if possible.
 Now slide the coupler over the joint. At this point, the two pipes will appear
connected.
 Using a torque wrench, tighten the stainless steel clamps of the accessory from
the inside out, alternating between the two clamps. You will hear a "pop" sound
when the tubes are firmly connected.
Depending on the coupling, you may need a 60, 80, or 120 pound torque wrench.
 Ensure the pipe’s hub, spigot joints, and ends are clean, and all sharp edges have
been removed. Again, ensure that the pipes used have a clean horizontal cut.

Fold the gasket and insert it inside the pipe.
 Use a rubber mallet to ensure it’s completely seated.

 Grease this end with pipe lubricant, ensuring that you keep your eyes protected.
Larger cast iron pipes may require an adhesive.
 Line up the second pipe and insert it into the spicket. The gasket should expand
42
No.
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and form an incredibly tight seal around the second pipe.
If you’ve used adhesive, ensure the pipes connect correctly before it has a chance to set. Moving
the pipe may damage the structural bond.
Assessment Method:

CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
10. Explain the procedure for Caulking suited
for joints CI Pipes
11. Use safe practices in handling tools and
surfaces and machineries.
12. Practice proper hygiene particularly on
cleaning the pipes and tools.
43
No.
Date Revision
Revised: # 00
June 2023
health.
16. Applied the proper methods and
techniques.
18. Executed the task according to the
procedures.
References
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://
pdfcoffee.com/cblm-plumbing-ncii-sample-pdf-
free.html&ved=2ahUKEwjQleSppLv_AhWiZmwGHWgyCb4QFnoECCg
QAQ&usg=AOvVaw0y1j18UyakxoPquCqAcO72 Date Retrieved: June 10,
2023
44
No.
Date Revision
Revised: # 00
June 2023
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://tesdatra
iningcourses.com/plumbing-
ncii.html&ved=2ahUKEwjQleSppLv_AhWiZmwGHWgyCb4QFnoECCcQ
AQ&usg=AOvVaw3LuYDW8aRjRHgQK7WT5LPf Date Retrieved: June
10, 2023
http://www.thepipefittings.com/pipe-fitting-
material.html#:~:text=Common%20materials%20of%20construction
%20for,PVC)%2C%20and%20other%20materials%20like Date Retrieved:
June 11, 2023
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.instructables.com/Tools-and-
Materials-for-PVC/%3famp_page=true Date Retrieved: June 11, 2023
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.rh
fs.com/drain-waste-vent-
containment.html&ved=2ahUKEwjPg5KXi7n_AhXJ-
zgGHTAWDtoQFnoECCcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw1Y0-
2qkR5hCJtsfpOZejMN Date Retrieved: June 11, 2023
https://www.superterry.com/reading-understanding-blueprints/ Date
Retrieved: June 11, 2023
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/caulked+joint Date Retrieved:
June 11, 2023
45
No.
Date Revision
Revised: # 00
June 2023

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References/Further Reading

Performance Criteria Checklist

Self Check Answer Key

Learning Outcome Summary

In our efforts to standardize CBLM, the above

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Receive and respond to 500311101

Prepare construction Preparing construction

Observe procedures, Observing procedures,

Perform mensuration and Performing mensuration

Make Piping Joints and Making Piping Joints and CON712344

Perform Minor Construction Performing minor construction CON712346

UNIT OF COMPETENCY: MAKE PIPING JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

LO 1. Fit-up joints and fittings for PVC pipe safe handling of

LO 2. Perform threaded pipe joints and connections

LO3. Caulk joints

1. Fit-up joints and fittings identification

3. Working on plastic pipes

4. Plumbing tools (leveling tools)

5. Joining of plastic pipes

CONDITIONS: The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

1. Tools and equipment

Learning Activities Special Instructions

techniques” Task sheet will help you practice your skills.

Answer: Self-Check 2.1.1 The performance criteria checklist will guide

After doing all the activities for this LO1: Fit-

joints in water supply are major components

“Fit up joints” in plumbing refer to the process of connecting or joining plumbing

What are the steps to be involved in fit-up joints?

What are the different materials for fittings?

Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) System

1. Gather the necessary materials and tools.

Here are some ways to do it which are;

(ENUMERATION) : List down or enumerate what are being asked on each of

Hacksaw or PVC Pipe Cutter

1. Measure and Cut the PVC Pipes:

Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

Comments/Suggestions and Feedbacks:

1. Blue print reading

CONDITIONS: The students/ trainees must be provided with the following:

4. Tools and equipment

Learning Activities Special Instructions

techniques” Task sheet will help you practice your skills.

Answer: Self-Check 2.3-1 The performance criteria checklist will guide

After doing all the activities for this LO2 :

Information Sheet 2.2-1

1. Understand blueprint reading

Here is some samples;

What are kinds of threaded pipe joints?

How can I identify them?

A pitch gauge is a tool used to measure the

UN/UNF Measure with Size-pitch, type 3/4-16

Compare with Size-pitch, type 1/4-18

Metric Measure with M, size X pitch

M, size x pitch, keg or

GI Pipe(Galvanized Iron Pipe)

Durable, versatile and low-maintenance, GI

Fencing – A GI pipe can be used to create bollards and boundary marks.