Intensity of Cross National HRD Collaboration -An assessment on Indias Partnership with South East Asia

Dr. Arup Barman, Reader Deptt. Of Business Administration, Assam mUniversity, Silchar-788011 Phone: +91-99549-12377 Email: abgeet@gmail.com

Abstract
The days has come that India-ASEAN cooperation and outcomes of it will be recognize not only by the Asian community but by the entire globe in future. Currently, India is closely collaborating with South East Asian Countries in various fields such as trade and investment, science and technology, tourism, human resource and infrastructure development. But, where does India collaborate for HRD, what is the degree of density and intensity of HRD collaboration with the member countries of South East Asia are the interesting issues. The present study intends examines the density and intensity of HRD collaboration between India and eight member countries of South East Asia. To examine the density and Intensity, the author highlighted the Indias bilateral project modes through which India is attributed as a partner in HRD Collaboration and an attempt has been made to quantify the density and intensity of HRD collaboration between India and select South East Asian Nations. Key Words: HRD Collaboration, ASEAN, South East Asia, Density, Intensity, HRD Diplomacy,
Knowledge Transfer, Skills Transfer, HRD Transfer

Introduction
The Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme, the Special Commonwealth Assistance for Africa Programme (SCAAP), and the Technical Cooperation Scheme (TCS) under the Colombo Plan, have been recognized as important components of Indias development partnership and cooperation with the developing country of the world. These cooperative interactions were aimed at capacity building, skills development, transfer of technology, and sharing of experiences. The usefulness and relevance of these cooperative interactions was reflected in the increasing number of participants in these programmes. ITEC has five components: (1) Training in India of nominees of ITEC partner countries; (2) projects and project related activities such as feasibility studies and consultancy services; (3) Deputation of Indian experts abroad; (4) Study Tours. (5) Aid for Disaster Relief (ADR). Under training in India of nominees of ITEC partner countries, which includes Indonesia & Timor-Leste, training is provided in as many as 250 courses in 50 empanelled-Institutes. Table-1 shows Indias Partnership for HRD in the globe based on the Annual Report- 2010-2011, of Ministry of External Affairs.

Table -1 Indias HRD Collaboration at Global Level and Skills and Knowledge Transfer
Total Number of Countries Courses and program offered Main Program No of Civilian Trg. Slots Total institutions Involved

Areas Covered (Indias Skills, Knowledge and Capacity Transfer)

Finance & accounts, auditing, banking, education, planning & administration, parliamentary studies, crime records, textiles, rural electrification, tool design, ophthalmologic equipment etc. In addition, general courses pertaining to rural development, SMEs, and entrepreneurship development

HRD Under ITEC & SCAAP

5,500

46

232 Short Term Courses

159 numbers of developing countries

Special Course under ITEC & SCAAP Colombo Plan 500 32 no of institutes

11

18 Number of Countries

Foot Technology, Solar Energy Technology and Applications, Wind Turbine Technology, Bio-Energy, Building Programme for Policy Makers and Negotiators; Leadership Programme for Post Masters and Managers; Educational Programme for Drug Regulatory Industry; Programme to Familiarize on the Pitfalls and Rewards of the WTO; Geographic Information System; ASIA-Pacific

A number of bilateral projects were undertaken for implementation during 2010-2011, notably in the fields of archaeological conservation, Information and Computer Technology, and small and medium enterprises. By focusing on setting up of the requisite physical infrastructure and capacity building to ensure long-term sustainability of these projects under the bilateral cooperation programme, many projects are under implementation included the following: (i) Cambodia: Under the project on conservation and restoration work at Ta Prohm temple, restoration work by the Archaeological Survey of India on various sites of the temple advanced further; (ii) Lao PDR: Conservation and restoration work at UNESCO World Heritage site of Wat Phou is continuing by the Archeological Survey of India. Under Phase-I of the Information Technology project to strengthen the IT infrastructure in Lao PDR, Indias commitment to train 30 Laos students in India was completed, in April 2010; (iii) El Salvador and Nicaragua: Additional one-year training in ICT Centres commenced in June 2010; (iv) Syria: Installation and commissioning of the ICT Centre in Damascus has been completed in December 2010, and training commenced; (v) Grenada: An agreement has been signed with the implementing agency in October 2010, to set up an ICT Centre. The implementation is underway; (vi) Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Fiji: Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) have been signed for setting up ICT Centres; (vii) Vietnam: Implementation of a project for setting up an Advance Resource Centre in ICT has commenced; (viii) Zimbabwe: The project commenced in 2006 in the field of small & medium enterprises and is at an advanced stage of completion. Last phase involving on-the-job training to the Zimbabweans is ongoing.

(ix) Indonesia: An agreement was signed with the implementing agency, for undertaking the project on setting up a Vocational Training Centre in the construction sector. Work in Aceh, Indonesia, and project implementation is in progress; (x) Ecuador and Dominican Republic: Setting up of ICT Centres is under process.

The Background of Research Questions

Indias relations with the countries of South East Asia have traditionally been close and warm as we share the common historical and cultural legacy. After the end of cold war and since introduction of economic reforms in India, there has been renewed vigour in the relationship of India with the countries of South East Asian region. Indias Look East policy and countrys potential as a major market have contributed significantly toward expanding and diversifying Indias relations with the ASEAN region. The closeness of relationship is reflected in the regular exchange of high level visits, like, the visits of Presidents of Vietnam (Dec. 1st to 5th1999), the visit of the PM Singapore (January 2000), the president of Indonesia (Feb, 2000), and the PM of Cambodia (Feb, 2000) to India, Joint Commission meeting with Vietnam and Laos and the foreign office consultations with the Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia. Since its beginning about a decade ago, the partnership between India and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) comprising Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam has been developing at quite a fast pace. India became ASEANs sectoral dialogue partner in 1992 and full Dialogue Partner as well as a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1996. The growing ties with ASEAN have further developed in the recent years. The dialogue partnership ASEAN has enabled India to significantly broaden and diversify its relationship with the ASEAN member countries. The ASEAN member countries have recognized the positive role that India can play in maintaining peace and stability in the region. Currently, India is closely collaborating with South East Asian Countries in various fields such as trade and investment, science and technology, tourism, human resource and infrastructure development. India expected to intensify such linkages further. Through the institutions of dialogue partnership with ASEAN, attempts were being made to identify the areas for focus interaction, including formulation of concrete work programmes and action plan.

Objectives and Methodology

But, where does India collaborate for HRD, what is the degree of density and intensity of HRD collaboration with the member countries of South East Asia is an interesting issue. The present study intends examines the density and intensity of HRD collaboration between India and eight member countries of South East Asia. In the present paper, to examine the density and Intensity, first highlighted on the Indias bilateral project modes through which India is attributed as a partner of HRD Collaboration. In addition, an attempt has been made to quantify the density and Intensity of HRD collaboration between India and select South East Asian Nations.

India as a Partner of ASEAN Region through HRD Collaboration

The co-operation between India and South East Asian has been began to shape the developmental dynamics of Asian countries. In this developmental dynamics, the Asian human resource development collaboration (HRDC) is an interesting but a very less highlighted theme among the researchers in the field of human resource development.

Human and social development is the ultimate goal of ASEAN's economic cooperative activities (http://www.aseansec.org/9709.htm). Thus, ASEAN continued to place high priority on its cooperation in science and technology, human resource planning, education, social welfare, and poverty eradication. In the prioritizing with bilateral and multilateral collaboration of projects are to be engaged. We can assume, in the multilateral projects relating development of ASEAN region, the Asian giant India and China are participating significantly. The central question behind this is an attempt to understand the intensity of HRD collaboration between India-ASEAN member nations. Now the question arises, does India playing a distinctive role in HRDC? A simplified analysis on intricacies of HRDC would help us to estimate the prospects of collaborating nations from the perspective of human resource development. Hence, assessment ASEAN- India HRDC through participatory bilateral and multilateral projects centered on ASEAN region would help us to make strategies for paired collaborations dynamics and relationship from interdisciplinary perspectives. From international HRD and from the regional economic perspective of Asian nations, exploring HRDC between ASEAN and neighboring countries would help in understanding the future prospects of collaboration and shared development leading to ultimate effect on human resource development of region.

India-ASEAN HRD through Projects

The latest project initiativs for India-ASEAN collaboration highlighted in the Project-2049 Institute (Parameswara, 2010) seeks to guide decision makers toward a more secure Asia by the centurys mid-point. The organization fills a gap in the public policy realm through forward-looking, region-specific research on alternative security and policy solutions. This Project 2049 Institute may prompt HRDC in the gamut of interdisciplinary approach drawn on rigorous analysis of socioeconomic, governance, military, environmental, technological and political trends, and input from key players in the region, with an eye toward educating the public and informing policy debate. The India-ASEAN project initiatives significantly prompted since 1995 when India became the full dialogue partner of ASEAN region. From the 1995 to 2005 IndiaASEAN relationship had established several milestones (table-1). With development of ASEAN-India relationship, Indias participation and collaboration for human resource development has been shaped by the various collaborative projects. These projects were mainly concentrated on the array of cultural, science and technology, educations. By counting the cooperation with the individual country of South East Asian Region we would be able visualize the depth of HRDC. Since 1981, India had cordial relationship with Cambodia and since then India has entered several bilateral treaties and agreement initiated bilateral projects in the field of fields of trade, science & technology, agriculture, tourism, air services and visa exemption. India has some major projects in the areas of education, entrepreneurship development and information technology. India has helped Cambodia in a big way through the ITEC programme. India has a number of bilateral treaties and agreements with Vietnam in the areas of Consular relations, Avoidance of Double Taxation, Narcotics, Science & Technology and Culture. India is helping Vietnam in setting up an Advanced Resource Centre in IT in Hanoi and HRD in the field of IT in six educational institutions in Vietnam. India proposed in the 4th IndiaASEAN Summit at Kuala Lumpur in 2005 to set up Centres for English Language Training, tele-medicine and tele-education centers in three states. India and Laos have

signed a number of agreements and MOUs in the fields of culture, cooperation in defense, cooperation in science & technology, agricultural cooperation, drugs and illicit trafficking, and exemption of visas for diplomats and officials. India has also set up and Entrepreneurial Development Centre in Laos, and also sated up an Information Technology Centre. Malaysian government had been sought the Indian institutions of higher learning to initiate a joint-research and research centres in Malaysia. IndiaMalaysia have been collaborating in the area of tourism and facilitating the open skies agreement without any restrictions for all cargo services between Malaysia and India. Malaysia and India have identified petroleum and gas, processed food, animal feed, petrochemical, oleo chemicals and medicine as potential sectors for intra industry. Trade and healthcare, education, IT and telecommunications, financial, tourism, architectural, construction and engineering, distribution and human resource development are other key areas for collaboration between India and Malaysia. Indian investors should explore opportunities in medical devices, pharmaceuticals, construction services, biotechnology and new economic zones, said the Minister, Aziz. India-Singapore HRDC is the result of various joint action plan. India and Singapore is the signatories of a joint action plan on tourism cooperation. Kumari Selja, minister of tourism and minister of housing and urban poverty alleviation, government of India and S. Iswaran, senior minister of state for trade and industry and education, government of Singapore witnessed the signing by tourism officials of India and Singapore. The Joint Action Plan reiterates the provisions of cooperation enshrined in the bilateral agreement on tourism signed between India and Singapore on Jan. 24, 1994. To promote reciprocal visits of media representatives, travel agents and tourism operators, with the aim to create awareness about tourist attractions in each others` countries. India-Singapore jointly decided to participate in the tourism fairs in India and Singapore respectively; consider organizing a Singapore and India week at the sidelines of tourism fairs; and to promote and encourage human resource development in tourism and travel related industries by collaborating through exchange programs for faculties, students and by exchanging information on teaching modules and curriculum. India-Singapore has formalized science and technology collaboration in the areas of common interest, such as biotechnology and renewable energy. Recognizing the importance of human capital and social development has envisaged collaboration between various universities on both the sides such as IIT, IISc and the National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore. The two countries shall also recognize the degrees of either. The collaborative activity between Thailand and India High technology has been augmenting the HRDC significantly. BIOTEC a collaborative program organized the training courses on protein structures prediction modeling on 4th to 8th September 2006. This course was a collaborative effort with ministry of Foreign Affairs, under the initiative to fosters collaboration between Thailand and Indian High Technology where 40 Thai participants.

Technology as a Means of HRD Collaboration

Technology collaborations between two countries play the instrumental role for ensuring HRD collaboration. HRD collaboration is dependent on stages of business and technology collaboration. Since 1994, to till 2000, for observing the science and technology collaboration and HRD collaboration between India and ASEAN region, year wise data regarding joint development project were collected. There were no evidences of such project in the year since 1994 to 2000. In the year 2001, there were three

numbers of workshops conducted jointly by the ASEAN and India. In the year 2002 ASEAN- India Human Resource Development Program on Bio-informatics has created a history of collaborative HRD through the ASEAN-India ties. In the year 2003, ASEANIndia again hosted the collaborative HRD on the use of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite data. ASEAN- India jointly derived out the mission for co-operation in space technology and Science & Technology digital library project. During the year 2004 and 2005, the ASEAN-India cooperation projects were focused on the Science and Technology policy as well as technology management through the workshops. These indicated about the initiations for HRD collaboration through the Indo-ASEAN-10 ties. During September 2007, the joint commission meeting of India-Thailand took place at Bankok. The meeting took a note on the status of science and technology (S&T) cooperation between India and Thailand. Indo-ASEAN science and technology cooperation has rising to new height. This attempted to create the ASEAN-India Science and Technology Development Fund with contribution of around Rs. 20 million each from DST and members of East Asian Nations. This fund will be utilized for Organization of Childrens Science Congress with participation of ASEAN/ ASEAN member states; and i) Setting up of a Technology Innovation and Commercialization Centre; ii) Setting up of Institute of Intellectual Property Rights; iii) Programme to Create networks on Food Security in the ASEAN Region. Barman and Singh (2009), while in appreciating the growing interconnection between India and ASEAN-10 mentioned that technology collaborations of two entities play an instrumental role for human resource collaborations. India-ASEAN HRDC through the joint project on science and technology has influenced on children to the space; general training to the intellectual property rights. In the context of Indias initiatives for HRDC through science and technology the India government has been providing 30 (thirty) numbers of scholarship to the bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Collaboration (BIMSTEC). For the Mekong-Ganga Co-operation (MGC) Scheme Indian government is providing 50 (fifty) numbers scholarships. Under the sunshade of Indian Technical and Education and Economic Co-operation Programmes (ITEC), India provides technical assistance to 156 countries. One of the important channels of assistance is to train nominees to ITEC partner countries and sending cultural troops overseas to help introduce and connect foreigners to Indian culture and tradition, thus India is sending cultural troop to Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnum, Combodia, Lao-PDR, Malaysia and Singapore. The Colombo plan also sends cultural exchange programs for India-ASEAN science and technology collaboration to happen. During the decade 1996-2005, Indias participation India collaborated ASEAN-HRDC by participating in the workshops, participative meetings, conferences and training program for science and technology collaboration with ASEAN region.

India-ASEAN HRDC through Social Development Projects

India-ASEAN collaborations in the social development sector are worthwhile to comprehend the dynamics of co-operation for human resource development. India collaborated directly in the joint study program on human resource development during 2000-02 with ASEAN member nations. At the same time India also has been collaborating in human resource training program in social development sector (http://www.aseansec.org). In support of the economic and social agenda for region, joint R&D projects in strategic and enabling technologies and their applications are in the

process of emergence. For instance, the ASEAN-India Digital Archive (AIDA) project is a multi-lingual and multi-cultural archive consisting of fonts, text, voices, pictures and video clippings of common words, phrases or events from nine participating member countries and India (http://www.aseansec.org/9709.htm). It is available on both CD-ROM and the World Wide Web at http://www.nectec.or.th/sll/aida. The archive is useful in developing multimedia teaching and learning resources for ASEAN and Indian languages and cultures. India has entered has signed for millennium development goal under the Mekong -Ganga Cooperation (MGC) scheme.

India-ASEAN HRDC via Cultural and Educational Projects

Primarily, Indias emphasis on economic reforms was delinked from the soft power from the historical and religious overtones. However, the recent policy statements and initiatives suggest that India is once again keen on projecting its benign image to the world in general and South East Asia in particular (Palit,2010). Education and culture forms an essential segment of diplomatic venture for appealing South East Asia. The Cultural wing of government of India, Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) extends generous scholarships South East Asian countries under the several schemes and projects. These include the general cultural scholarship scheme (GCSS) of ICCR providing 55 scholarships to South East Asian Countries. These 55 scholarships go to ASEAN nations as appeared in the table-2. ASEAN University Network engaged the collaborative activities with India are mainly in the sphere of human resource development. It was expected that the ASEAN-India joint HRD collaboration initiatives would also act as a co-ordination mechanism for various ongoing institutional bilateral collaborative activities, and in order to bring these activities under the broader framework of the HRD domain. (www.wikipedia.aseanuniversitynetwork.htm).

Framework for Analysis on Cross Country HRDC

To adopt a framework of HRDC for the purpose of analysis in the context of India-ASEAN ties there are dearth of study made by the researcher. Hence to begin the exploration for building a framework under the constraints we can take the examples of earlier study on Skills-Asia Pacific. A range of practical activities and programmes developed by SKILLS-Asia Pacific with and for network members, which would includeWorkshops, seminars, technical meetings on specific activities related to skills development; Research on key skills issues in the region Pilot projects at regional, sub-regional and country level Training courses on specific skills topics Exchange of knowledge, information and training resources between and among member states with common interest; Activities to solve common problems; Fellowships or exchange of staff between network members to improve the level of skills of instructors, administrators, web and computer technicians etc. opportunities for country-to-country technical assistance and advice. This framework encompasses McLean & McLean proposal for defining the International HRD and no doubt cover up the collaboration aspects at international level. HRD collaboration in the context of regional and global integration is still remaining as an unstructured connotation from the standpoint of original HRD concepts and literatures.

Through the scans of literature available, we can chalk out the framework of HRD collaboration from comparative and cross national perspective.

Density and Intensity of HRD Collaboration

Considering the framework and contents above on cross national HRD, the density and intensity of HRD collaboration has been estimated. For estimation, a list of the identified areas where India has been promoting HRD collaboration with the South East Asian countries was prepared. The total number of listed areas found from all the relevant corners of collaboration was 89, where India has/had collaborating as human resource developer for the region. Thus eight pairs of collaborating countries were created (table-2). Then scanned and identified the HRD collaboration areas (documents
Table-4 Intensity of HRD Collaboration between India and South East Asian Nations Percentage From 13-24% Aquaculture, Banking, Chemical, Crime Records. Crop Improvement, Dentistry, Fisheries and Poultry, Financial Management, Footwear, Fluid Control, Journalism, GIS Technology, Accounts, Finances and Audit Courses, Infrastructure, Irrigation, Labour Administration, Logistics, Metrology, Medical Biotechnology, Medicine, Mechanical, Material Management, Mining, Nano-Technology, Natural Rubber, Nuclear Energy, New Material, Remote Sensing, Retail, Rural Development, Research, Software Development, Teacher Training, Telemedicine, Telecommunication, English Courses, SME and Rural Development, Photo-Electronics, Pure Science, Solar Energy, Statistical Research, Small Industry, Science Communication, Traditional Medicinal Research, Telecommunication, Tool Design, Textile Research, Training on Highways and Railways, Training and Development, Urban Development, Veterinary, Vocational Training, Water Resource Development, Wireless Technology Advance Material, Agricultural Bio-Technology, Bio-Medical, BioInformatics, Bio-energy, Civil Aviation, Climate Research, Design and Development, Electronic Governance, Educational Planning, Labour Administration, Engineering, Energy, Environmental Renewable Energy Courses, Food Technology, Forensic Science and Criminology, Health Care, IT Enabled Services, Management and Parliamentary Studies, MassComm, Tourism Academic and Education, Cyber-Education, Defence, Electronic Governance, Electronic Commerce, Entrepreneurship Development, Human Resource Development, Information Technology (ICT), Pharmaceutical

Low Collaboration Intensity

Within 25-37%

Mid Intensity

Within 50-75%

High Intensity of Collaboration

76-100%

reviewed; table -3) where bilateral and multilateral collaboration engagement to prepare a HRD collaboration matrix (table-2). From the matrix calculated the intensity with help of percentage of area of total cooperation. Based on evidences from the documents and sources low intensity, middle and intensity of HRD collaboration for different subjects were classified (table-4).

Intensity of Indias HRD Collaboration (Country wise)

To identify the intensity of collaboration with select countries of South East Asia from the collaboration matrix observed the spread of cooperation with each country

(verticals count of cooperation) table-3. In this table the spread of areas for India Singapore HRD collaboration as the Top with score =49; India-Indonesia= 27; IndiaMalaysia= 40; India-Thailand= 37; India-Myanmar= 39; India-Vietnam=40; IndiaLao=30. Thus, order of bilateral HRD collaboration emerge from the matrix as follows1st India-Singapore HRD Collaboration Intensity= 49:-288x100= 0.1701= 17.01% 2nd India-Vietnam HRD Collaboration Intensity= 40:-288x100= 0.139= 13.9% 3rd India-Malaysian HRD Collaboration Intensity= 40:-288x100= 0.1389= 13.89% 4th bIndia-Myanmar HRD Collaboration= 39:-288=0.135 x 100= 13.5% 5th India-Thailand HRD Collaboration Intensity= 37:-288x100=0.13= 13.00% 6th India-Lao HRD Collaboration Intensity= 31:-288x100=0.11= 11.0% 7th India-Indonesian HRD Collaboration Intensity= 27:- 288x100= 0.0937 = 9.37% 8th India-Cambodia HRD Collaboration intensity= 20:- 288 x100=0.0694= 6.94%

Contributions and Future Directions for Research

The study has tentatively achieved the objectives - where does India collaborate for HRD, what is the degree of density and intensity of HRD collaboration with the member countries of South East Asia is an interesting issue. The study intended to examine the density and intensity of HRD collaboration between India and eight member countries of South East Asia have been filling the gap of literature on study on HRD collaboration in the context of Asia. The study on degree perception of participants from the collaborating partner country along with an evaluation and measurement of HRD activities deployed for ensuring HRD collaboration would help in making the HRD collaboration plan to the country, India. From the perspective of HRD discipline, and sub-discipline , this an unique type of study to understand cross national HRD from which in near future would promote cross national collaboration for understanding human resource development from the perspective HRD-diplomacy. For in-depth study in near future, the study can serve as the guidepost and may instigate to generate new ideas of HRD diplomacy in the context of Indias Integration to the ASEAN region.

Conclusion
Bilateral HRD collaboration no doubt transfers HRD from the donor country to recipient country. In this case the skills, knowledge, capability transfers through Indian origin bilateral projects in the form of bundle of training, and its impacts of the program would help a lot to conduct further studies. Hence, present study is an eye opener in the context of the deployment of degree bilateral HRD activities through the bilateral project for creating strategic relation. In the context integration of HRD in South East Asian nation HRD collaboration plays vital role. The strength of HRD collaboration strengthens the bilateral relationship. The strength of India-Singapore; India-Malaysia are more because of trade followed by HRD collaboration strategies adopted and materialized mutually. Since, the HRD collaboration ensures people to people contract in actual sense of the term, hence strengthening the India and South East Asian efforts for mutual contribution for HRD collaboration in future would be more fruitful from regionalization perspective.

References

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Exhibits
Figure-1 Expected Areas and Reveries of Collaboration

Infrastructure

Health Care and Pharmaceutic al

HRD, & R&D Collaboration

Indian Conventio nal Energy, Exploratio n of Oil

Need boost to food processing industry, Shortage of Cooking Oil, importer of forest product

Need for Application of Bio-tech, knowledge intensive activities

Was internationa lly competitive in production of Generic Drugs, Indonesia is dependent on imported drugs

Indonesian Expertise in Oil Exploratio n, Nuclear Power Sector Strong in Energy Sector

Need boost to food processing Sector, Emerging Producer of Palm Oil, exporter of forest product Exporter of soya bins and Palm Oil

Need for Application of Bio-tech, knowledge intensive activities

Was an emerging competitor in Railway, Aviation and Commercial ization of Space Indonesia needs to improve its railways, aviation, Space business Competitive in infrastructur e technology and managemen t Need support for Hydroelectri c, Hydrocarbo n and Natural Gas

Rich in Software, Telecom, Rural connectivity, TV. Film and Entertainment

Can help in HRD in ICT

India is in Strong Position

India

Indonesia Needs support for Software, Telecom, Rural connectivity, TV. Film and Entertainment Aimed for ICT Centre, multimedia super corridor

Indonesia

Indonesia need the support for HRD in ICT Sectors.

Malaysia

Possesses considerabl e strength in R&D rubber plantation,

High health care cost, drug cost, demand for Ayurvedic medicine

High cost in medical, management and IT education

Myanmar

Exporter to India

Needs collaboration for ICT, Space Science

Need Resource mapping, Forest cove monitoring of land use, ground water

Importer of meat, can collaborate with Indian Agriculture Sector & Research Expertise in food processing, deep sea fishing, marine activities Competitive position in food production, Need research and biotechnology application, need investment in agro chemical sector

Philippines

Demand for cheaper drugs, HIVAIDS

Competitive in ICT Sectors equally to India, Joint Software Development Centre Other Areas-Tourism Destination, Jewelry selling, Air Cargo Business of Thailand Indian Buddhist tourist spots may attracted to Thai Tourist

Provide linkage by AIM Manila and Indian Management Institute

Demand for cheaper drugs, HIVAIDS, hoped for collaboratio n20 Could cooperate in Pharmaceut icals, Health Care, Drugs

Thailand

ICT staff, technical and professional manpower I T Sector17, 19

Strengthen ing cooperation in energy sectorsnuclear Power, Mineral, Oil Exploratio n

Aims to develop ICT

Need of HRD especially in the software sector.

Vietnam

Space, Resource & technological Collaboration

Energy Cooperation

Food Cooperation

Agriculture and Plantation Sector

ICT

Table-3 (Documents Reviewed) HRD through S&T Collaborative Projects

Yr
2005

EOC
1 2

ASEAN-India
Development of thermally sprayed Ceramic-Based Coatings. Co-operation in Science and Technology Policy and Technology Management: Workshop in India to share experiences on Policy and Technology Management. Co-operation on Science and Technology and Technology Management: Workshop in India to Share the experiences on Science and Technology Policy and Technology Management. Cooperation on Space Technology: training on the use of Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite Data. Extension on ASEAN-India Collaboration on Neodymium Ferro Boron (NdFeB) Magnetic Materials. Mid-Term Review of ASEAN-India co-operation Project on Plant Bio-Technology for Crop Improvement and Better utilization of Natural Resources. ASEAN Mission to develop a Work Program for ASEAN-India Co-operation in Space Technology. Preparatory Mission to Set Up an ASEAN-India Science and Technology Digital Library. Human Resource Development program for Bio-Informatics. Consultative Meeting on the Establishment of India-ASEAN Institute of Bio-Technology (IAIB). Development of Thermally Sprayed Ceramic Based Coatings. Workshop on Regional Co-operation in Surface Engineering: Review of recent efforts and Prospects for Future Collaboration to Commercialize the Coating Technologies. Sixth Science and Technology Week: Participation of ASEAN and Indian Scientists at the ASEAN Science Congress and Technical Conference. Workshop on Managing Technology for Enhancing National Competitiveness-The Role of Governance. Cooperation on Biotechnology: Plant Biotechnology for Crop Improvement and Better Utilization of National Resources. Digital Archive (Formerly Multimedia in Education: Phase-II)

2004 2003

1 1 2 3 4 5

2002

1 2 3

2001

1 2 3

1998 1996

1 1

*EOC= Evidence of Collaboration Source : http://aseansec.org/14489.htm browsed on 4/29/2010 11.38PM

Table-4 Intensity of HRD Collaboration and Areas of HRD Collaboration Matrix (Indias Skills, Knowledge, Capabilty Transfer)
Collaborative Weight Sectoral (Regional) Collaboration Intensity
8 2 0.25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 4 5 2 3 5 4 4 4 3 4 2 7 2 4 3 2 5 7 6 6 4 1 0.5 0.65 0.25 0.37 0.65 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.37 0.5 0.25 0.9 0.03 0.5 0.37 0.25 0.63 0.9 0.75 0.75 0.5 4 0.5 5 4 1 6 0.63 0.5 0.75

India Cambodia

IndiaSingapore

IndiaMyanmar

India-Lao
1 1 1 1

IndiaIndonesia

IndiaMalaysia

IndiaThailand

Bilateral & Strategic HRD Collaboration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 25 26 Accounts, Finance & Audit Courses Academic Advance Material Agriculture Aquaculture Banking Biotechnology Bio-Medical Bio-Informatics Bio-energy Civil Engg. Civil Aviation Chemical Cyber Education Crime records Climate Research Crops Improvement Dentistry Design and Development Defence Electronic Commerce Education Electronic Governance Educational Planning and Administration, Labour Affairs Engineering Energy Entrepreneurship Development

1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

IndiaVietnam Regional
1 1

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Finance and Banking Environment and Renewable Energy Courses Fisheries an d poultry Financial Management Food Technology Footwear Fluid Control Forensic science and Criminology Journalism GIS Technology Health Science Health Care Hydrology , Hydropower Human Resource Development Information Tech Infrastructure IT-Enabled Services Irrigation Labour Administration Logistic Metrology Medical Bio-Technology Medicine Mechanical Management Material Management Mining Multi-model Transportation Nano Technology Natural Rubber Nuclear Energy New Material Pharmaceutical Poultry Management Remote sensing and GIS Retail Rural Development
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 5 2 3 5 3 3 4 3 3 5 5 3 8 7 3 4 1 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 6 1 2 1 1 1 3

0.25 0.63 0.25 0.37 0.65 0.37 0.37 0.5 0.37 0.37 0.65 0.65 0.37 1 0.9 0.37 0.5 0.13 0.25 0.37 0.37 0.13 0.37 0.37 0.5 0.25 0.13 0.37 0.25 0.37 0.25 0.25 0.75 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.37

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1

65 66 67 68 69 70

Research, Software Development Teachers Training Telemedicine Telecommunications & English Courses SME/Rural Development Parliamentary Studies, Mass Communication, Statistics, ISI, Photo Electronic Pure Science Solar Energy Statistical Research Small Industry Science Communication Traditional Medicinal Research Telecommunication Tool Design Textile Research Training on Highways and Railways Training and Development Tourism Urban Development Veterinary Vocational Training Water Resource Development Wireless Technology
27 0.0937 1 40 0.1389 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1

2 3 2 1 3

0.25 0.37 0.25 0.13 0.37

0.25

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89

0.5

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 6 2 1

0.13 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.37 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.13 0.25 0.37 0.13

1 1 1 1 49 0.1701 37 0.13 20 0.0694 39 0.135 31 0.1 1 40 0.139 1

2 3 1 288

Total Area Bilateral Collaboration Intensity of Bilateral collaboration

Table-5 High Intensity of Collaboration

India Cambodia India-Singapore India-Myanmar India-Indonesia India- Vietnam 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 7 7 6 6 6 8 7 6 India-Thailand India-Malaysia India-Lao 1 1 1

Areas of Collaboration

2 14 20 21 22 26 40 41 60

Academic Cyber Education Defence Electronic Commerce Education Entrepreneurship Development Human Resource Development Information Tech Pharmaceutical

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 0.9 0.9 0.75 0.75 0.75 1 0.9 0.75

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1