Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, MAR-APR 2023, VOL- 10/76
mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k
dk v/;;u

fç;adk frokjh
'kks/kkFkhZ] thokth fo'ofo|ky; Xokfy;jA

Paper Received On: 21 APRIL 2023

Peer Reviewed On: 30 APRIL 2023
Published On: 01 MAY 2023

Abstract

fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa ifj.kke] iqjLdkj O;oLFkk] vUr%O;fDr lEcU/k] laxBukRed çfØ;k] dk;Z dh
“kq)rk] lwpukvksa dk vknku çnku ,oe~ ijksidkjh O;ogkj dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSSA ;fn çca/ku f'k{kdksa dks çsfjr
;k larq"V djrk gS rc f'k{kd vius dke ds çfr] vius O;olk; ds çfr laxBu ds rjDdh ds fy, vFkkZr mUufr ds
fy, ç;Ru'khy jgrk gS ftldk çHkko çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls fo|kfFkZ ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k rFkk 'kSf{kd miyfC/k
iM+rk gSA 'kks/kkFkhZ us mís'; ds :i esa 1-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k
dk rqyukRed v/;;uA 2-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed
v/;;uA 3-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk v/;;uA ifjdYiuk, ds :i esa 1- foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds
laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA 2-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA 3-foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;
ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; dksbZ lglaca/k ugha gksrk gSA U;kn”kZ gsrq Xokfy;j
'kgj ds 20 mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ks]a 200 f’k{kdksa ,oa 400 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;kA midj.k ds :i esa “kks/kkFkhZ
us laxBukRed okrkoj.k ds ekiu gsrq lUT;ksr iSFks] lq’kek pkS/kjh ,oe~ mfianj /kj ¼2001½ }kjk fufeZr vkWxZukbts+’kuy
DykbZesV Ldsy dk p;u fd;k x;kA 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds ekiu gsrq Xokfy;j 'kgj esa fLFkr ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My e-
iz- Hkksiky }kjk ekU; 'kkldh; fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr d{kk 10 oha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds okf"kZd ijh{kk ds dqy izkIrkadksa dks
ewy :Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA fu"d"kZLo:Ik ik;k x;k fd fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglaca/k /kukRed ifjyf{kr gks jgk gSA

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

çLrkouk
laxBukRed okrkoj.k dks lkekftd lEcU/kksa ds :i esa ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlds lkFk
laxBu esa dk;Z djus okys O;fDr;ksa esa mRiUu Hkkouk;sa ,oe~ laoxs tqM+s jgrs gSaA çR;sd fo|ky;h
O;oLFkk esa v/;kid ,oe~ çkpk;Z ds fofHkUu çdkj ds O;ogkj ns[kus dks feyrs gSa rFkk blh vk/kkj ij
fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk l`tu gksrk gSA 'kekZ] —".kk ¼2017½ us laxBukRed okrkoj.k
dk v/;kidksa dh Hkwfedk ncko ds lanHkZ esa v/;;u fd;k ftlesa mUgksaus ik;k fd lalkj esa çR;sd
O;fä dh Hkwfedk fu/kkZfjr gksrh gS] tUe ls ysdj e`R;q rd ge ml Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gSa] mlh
çdkj fo|ky; esa lHkh v/;kid x.k viuh viuh Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djrs gSaA tc v/;kid viuh
Hkwfedk dk fuoZgu djus esa vleFkZ gksus yxrs gSa og mUgsa ncko eglwl gksus yxrk gS ftlls f'k{kd
esa f'k{k.k dk;Z ds çfr :fp de gksus yxrh gS] dk;Zdq'kyrk dk gkl gksus yxrk gS] vkSj lg;ksx dk
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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okrkoj.k xM+cM+k tkrk gS tks fd çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls fo|ky; laxBukRed okrkoj.k ij çfrdwy
çHkko Mkyrk gS ftldk vf/kdka'kr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k] muds O;fäRo] vkRefo'okl] lek;kstu]
#fp lkFk gh muds laKkukRed ,oa vlaKkukRed dkjdksa ij udkjkRed :i ls çHkkfor djrh gSa
fo|ky; ds leLr dk;kaZs ds laxBu rFkk lapkyu dk mRrjnkf;Ro fo|ky; ds ç/kkukpk;Z ij gksrk gS
fdUrq ;g dk;Z f’k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oe~ vU; deZpkfj;kas dh lgk;rk ds fcuk lqO;ofLFkr :i ls lEiUu
ugha gks ldrkA fo|ky;kas ds ç/kkukpk;Z] f’k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oe~ vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds ijLij euksoSKkfud
okrkoj.k] lkekftd vUr%fØ;k] ikjLifjd lEcU/k] lkekftd laox s kRed okrkoj.k vkfn dks lfEefyr
:i ls laxBukRed okrkoj.k ds :i eas O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA foLr`r :i eas fo|ky; ds laxBukRed
okrkoj.k esa ifj.kke] iqjLdkj O;oLFkk] vUr%O;fDr lEcU/k] laxBukRed çfØ;k] dk;Z dh “kq)rk]
lwpukvksa dk vknku çnku ,oe~ ijksidkjh O;ogkj dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS ;fn fo|ky; ds
laxBukRed okrkoj.k dh ifj.kke O;oLFkk lqO;ofLFkr :i ls lEiUu dh tkrh gS rks v/;kidksa dks
,d nwljs dh fLFkfr dk Kku jgrk gS lkFk gh lkFk v/;kidksa dks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ”kSf{kd fLFkfr dk
Hkh Kku jgrk gS vkSj og vius LFkku dks mPp cukus ds fy, ç;Ru”khy gks tkrs gSaA gSA dk;Z djrs
le; euq"; ds thou esa laxBu dk fo'ks"k çHkko iM+rk gS laxBu ds mís'; fdl çdkj ls iw.kZ gksrs
gSa bl ij gekjk jgu&lgu] LokLF;] lqj{kk] 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rk bR;kfn dkjd çHkkfor djrs gSaA fo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh laxBukRed okrkoj.k dh ckr djsa rks fo|ky;ksa ds ekunaM] ewY;] vis{kk,]a uhfr;ka] dk;Z çsj.kk]
çfrc)rk] varr% O;fäxr ,oa okrkoj.k vkfn gSaA ;fn çca/ku f'k{kdksa dks çsfjr ;k larq"V djrk gS
rc f'k{kd vius dke ds çfr] vius O;olk; ds çfr laxBu ds rjDdh ds fy, vFkkZr mUufr ds
fy, ç;Ru'khy jgrk gS ftldk çHkko çR;{k ;k vçR;{k :i ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k rFkk
'kSf{kd miyfC/k iM+rk gSA orZeku le; esa fo'ks"kdj xzkeh.k {ks= ds ljdkjh fo|ky; laxBukRed
okrkoj.k fuEu ns[kk tkrk gS ftldk dkj.k laHkor% v/;kidksa dh de la[;k]dk;ZHkkj vf/kd] rFkk
ukSdjh uk tkus dk Hk; vkfn gSA lkFk gh blh çdkj dk okrkoj.k mu futh fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed
okrkoj.k esa ns[kk tkrk gS tgka ij de ;ksX; f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfä] de osru ,oa çca/ku dk gLr{ksi
T;knk gksA ,sls fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k larks"ktud uk gksus ds dkj.k f'k{kd çk;% f[kUu
jgrs gSa ftlls os fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds çfr ldkjkRed joS;k] [kq'kuqek okrkoj.k fufeZr djus dk mÙkjnkf;Ro
ugha fuHkkrs ftlds dkj.k çk;% fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k dks çHkkfor gksrh gSA
feJk] ¼2019½ us vius v/;;u esa ljdkjh o futh ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa dh laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa
0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij lkFkZd varj ik;k x;kA gSA tcfd V.Mu- ,oe~ xqIrk- ¼2005½ us ,d “kks/k
v/;;u ljdkjh ,oe~ xSj&ljdkjh mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds “kSf{kd okrkoj.k dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
lkekftd ifjiDork] lek;kstu vkSj “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij çHkko dk rqyukRed v/;;u ij fd;kA o
v/;;u ds ifj.kkeksa esa ;g ik;k x;k fd ljdkjh o xSj ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ds “kSf{kd okrkoj.k dk
çHkko “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij vlkFkZd :i ls iM+rk gSA xks;y- ¼2007½ us fo”ys’k.kksijkUr fu’d’kZ
Lo:i ik;k x;k fd ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa dh vis{kk çkbosV fo|ky;ksa esa lh[kus dk Lrj mPp gksrk gS
tcfd ljdkjh fo|ky;kas esa f”k{kdksa dh vk; vf/kd gksrh gSA t‚u MCY;w U;wt LVksu vkSj dhr Msfol
¼2015½ ds vuqlkj laxBukRed O;ogkj foKku dk v/;;u vkSj vuqç;ksx djuk gS fd laxBu ds
varxZr yksx fdl çdkj dk O;ogkj djrs gSa ;g lc yksxksa ds laca/k esa O;kid v/;;u vkSj vuqç;ksx
gSA ÝsM ywFkkal ¼2011½ ds vuqlkj laxBukRed O;ogkj lh/ks gh laxBu esa ekuo O;ogkj dks cukuk
vkSj mldk fu;a=.k djuk gSA vr% mi;qZä foospu ds QyLo:i “kks/kkFkhZ ds efLr’d eas dqN LokHkkfod

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ftKklk;sa ,oe~ ç”u fpUg mRiUu gq;s tks çLrqr “kks/k leL;k ds p;u dk dkj.k cusA og ftKklk;sa
,oe~ ç”u fuEu gSa &
1. D;k foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa varj gS\
2. D;k foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk muds
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k çHkko iM+rk gS \
3- D;k mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/;
laca/k gS \
mDr iz'uksa ds mRrj izkIr djus gsrq ,oa lEcfU/kr lkfgR; ds v/;;u ds Ik'pkr 'kks/kkFkhZ us ^^mPp
ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk
v/;;u^^ 'kh"kZd ij 'kks/k v/;;u djus dk fu'p; fd;k gSA
leL;k dFku
mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k
dk v/;;u
leL;k esa ç;qDr “kCnksa dh O;k[;k
mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;
f’k{kk lafgrk ¼1963½ ds vuqlkj ÞmPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ls rkRi;Z ,sls fo|ky; ls gS ftlesa fuEu
d{kkvksa ds lkFk vFkok muds fcuk uoha rFkk nloha ,oe~ X;kjgoha rFkk ckjgoha d{kk gksa rFkk og
fo|ky;ksa ds ek/;fed f’k{kk ifj’kn~ vFkok fdlh fo’ofo|ky; dh gkbZ Ldwy rFkk b.VjehfM,V
ijh{kkvksa ds fy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks rS;kj djrk gSAß
dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ls vk”k; mu fo|ky;kas ls gS
ftlesa NBoha d{kk Lrj ls 12 oha d{kk Lrj rd dh f’k{kk çnku dh tkrh gSA lkFk gh tks e/; çns'k
cksMZ] Hkksiky ls ekU;rk çkIr gSaA foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r ls rkRi;Z gS fd fofHkUu çca/k ra= ds :i esa
lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa “kks/kkFkhZ us 'kkldh; ;k v'kkldh; :i esa fu:fir fd;k gSA bu çca/k
ra= }kjk lapkfyr fo|ky;ksa esa vk; vFkkZr /ku ds lzkrs vyx&vyx gksrs gSA
fo|kFkhZ
dzsfEczt fMD'kujh ds vuqlkj fo|ky;] egkfo|ky; ;k fo'ofo|ky; esa tks O;fDr v/;;u dj jgk gSA
dk;kZRed ifjHkk"kk
izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls rkRi;Z Xokfy;j 'kgj ds varxZr vkus okys 'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed
fo|ky;ksa ds d{kk 11 oha esa v/;;ujr Nk=&Nk=kvksa ls gSA
fo|ky; dk laxBukRed okrkoj.k
VkWfxmjh ¼1966½ ds vuqlkj ßO;oLFkkRed i;kZoj.k lkis{kr% laxBu ds vkUrfjd i;kZoj.k dks LFkkf;Ro
nsus okyh fo”ks’krk gS ftls mlesa dk;Z djus okys yksx vuqHko djrs gSa rFkk tks muds O;ogkj dks
cnyrh gS ,oe~ ewY;ksa ds n`f’Vdks.k ls fdlh laxBu dh [kkl çdkj dh fo”ks’krkvkas dks ifjyf{kr
djrh gSAÞ
dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrkfor “kks/k v/;;u esa fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ls vk”k; ml
okrkoj.k ls gS ftlesa ç/kkukpk;Z] v/;kid] fo|kFkhZ rFkk vU; fo|ky;h deZpkjh O;fDrxr ,oe~
lkewfgd :i ls vius “kSf{kd fØ;kdyki vk;ksftr djrs gaSA fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa
fo|ky; esa lEiUu gksus okyh ifj.kke o iqjLdkj O;oLFkk] vUr%O;fDr lEcU/k] laxBukRed çfØ;k]
dk;Z dh “kq)rk] lwp w ukvksa dk vknku çnku ,oe~ ijksidkjh O;ogkj dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

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“kSf{kd miyfC/k
lkekU;r;k] “kSf{kd miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z ml vfHkdYi ls gS tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikB~;Øe vFkok fof”k’V
fo’k;@fo’k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr laKkukRed] HkkokRed rFkk dkS”kykRed i{kksa dks çfrfcfEcr djrk gSA
xqM ¼1987½ ds vuqlkj Þfo|ky;h fo’k;ksa }kjk çkIr Kku vFkok fodflr dkS”ky dk ijh{k.k rFkk
mlesa çkIrkad gh “kSf{kd miyfC/k gSAß
dk;kZRed ifjHkk’kk çLrqr v/;;u esa] “kSf{kd miyfC/k ls rkRi;Z ek/;fed f”k{kk ifj’kn~] e/; çns'k
cksMZ] Hkksiky }kjk lapkfyr gkbZLdwy ijh{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk fofo/k fo’k;ksa eas çkIr vadksa ds dqy ;ksx
ds çfr”kr çkIrkad ls gSA
mís';
1 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed
v/;;uA
2 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed
v/;;uA
3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; laca/k dk v/;;uA
ifjdYiuk,a
1. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj
ugha gksrk gSA
2. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa
dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gksrk gSA
3. foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; dksbZ lglac/a k ugha gksrk gSA
v/;;u dk ifjlhekadu
1. çLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa Xokfy;j 'kgj ds e/; çns'k cksMZ] Hkksiky ls ekU;rk çkIr 'kkldh; ,oe~
v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa dks gh lfEefyr fd;k x;k A
2. çLrqr “kks/k dk;Z esa 'kkldh; ,oe~ v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds d{kk 11 ls 12 oha
rd v/;kiu dk;Z djus okys 200 f”k{kdksa o d{kk X;kjgoha ds 400 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks gh lfEefyr
fd;k x;kA
'kks/kdk;Z ds nkSjku izLrkfor dk;Zfof/k
v/;;u ds pj
Lora= pj 'kkldh; ,oa v'kkldh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;
ijra= pj laxBukRed okrkoj.k] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k
U;kn’kZ
izLrqr “kks/k ds lUnHkZ esa izfrn”kZ p;u ds fufeRr lqfo/kktud ;kn`fPNd ,oa cgqLrjh; izfrn”kZ
p;u ds }kjk Xokfy;j 'kgj ds 20 mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa] 200 f”k{kdksa ,oa 400 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk
p;u fd;k x;kA

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midj.k
laxBukRed okrkoj.k midj.k dk p;u
v/;;u ds lUnHkZ eas “kks/kkFkhZ us lUT;ksr iSFks] lq’kek pkS/kjh ,oe~ mfianj /kj ¼2001½ }kjk fufeZr
vkWxZukbts”+ kuy DykbZesV Ldsy dk p;u fd;k x;kA a
'kSf{kd miyfC/k midj.k dk p;u
izLrqr v/;;u esa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds ekiu gsrq Xokfy;j 'kgj esa fLFkr ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My e-iz- Hkksiky
}kjk ekU; 'kkldh; fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr d{kk 10 oha ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds okf"kZd ijh{kk ds dqy izkIrkadksa
dks ewy :Ik ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA ;g ijh{kk ek/;fed f'k{kk e.My] Hkksiky }kjk lapkfyr dh tkrh
gSA rFkk izkIr ijh{kkQy dks izR;sd ekU;rk izkIr fo|ky;] egkfo|ky;] jkT; ljdkj rFkk dsUnz ljdkj
}kjk Lohd`r fd;k tkrk gSA
lkaf[;dh izfof/k;ka
izLrqr “kks/k v/;;u esa iznRrksa ds lkj.kh;u ,oa fu’d’kZ izkIr djus gsrq e/;eku] ekud fopyu]
ØkfUrd vuqikr] dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA
iznRrkas dk fo'ys’k.k ,oa O;k[;k
1- foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk rqyukRed v/;;u
djukA
rkfydk la 1 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ds
e/;eku] ekud fopyu o ØkfUrd vuqikrA
f’k{kdksa ekud ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk
Øñlañ fo|ky;ksa ds çdkj e/;eku df
dh la[;k fopyu vuqikr Lrj
1 'kkldh; 100 82.08 15.31 <
191 9.7
2 v'kkldh; 100 107.07 18.44 0.01

rkfydk lañ 1 ds voyksdu ls Li’V gksrk gS fd 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed

okrkoj.k esa 0-01 lkFkZdrk Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj çnf”kZr gks jgk gSA ÝkWfFkxe ¼1989½ rFkk xfugj
,oe~ “kkb[k ¼1999½ us Lo;a ds “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd ljdkjh ,oe~ futh fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed
okrkoj.k esa lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gSA
2- foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed
v/;;u
rkfydk lañ 2 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k
ds e/;eku] ekud fopyu o ØkfUrd vuqikrA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ekud ØkfUrd lkFkZdrk

Øñlañ fo|ky;ksa ds çdkj e/;eku df
dh la[;k fopyu vuqikr Lrj

1 'kkldh; 200 47.52 6.72 <

399 11.37
2 v'kkldh; 200 68.33 8.30 0.01
rkfydk lañ 2 ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd 'kkldh; o v'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
“kSf{kd miyfC/k esa 0-01 Lrj ij lkFkZd vUrj gS ¼isMk ¼2013½] ct ¼2007½ rFkk foy ¼2015½ us Hkh
Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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vius “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd ljdkjh ,oe~ futh fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa
lkFkZd vUrj gksrk gS½A f=ikBh] foosd ukFk ,oa nqxZs'k dqekj-¼2016½ ds 'kks/k fo'ys"k.k ds ckn ;g irk
yxk fd fp=dwV ftys ds ljdkjh ,oa xSj ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k esa lkFkZd varj gSA fp=dwV ftys ds xSj ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd
miyfC/k ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa dh rqyuk esa csgrj gSA
3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglaca/k dk v/;;u
rkfydk lañ 3 foÙkh; vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglac/a k xq.kkad

laxBukRed okrkoj.k lglac/a k xq.kkad

lglac/a k xq.kkad

1 'kkldh;
0-01
=0.67
2 v'kkldh;

rkfydk lañ 3 ds voyksdu ls fofnr gksrk gS fd mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k
,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k esa 0-01 Lrj ij ldkjkRed lEcU/k x;kA Msefud] ¼2005½ us Lo;a
ds “kks/k v/;;uksa esa ik;k fd mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; ldkjkRed lEcU/k ns[kk x;kA
fu"d"kZ
fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k ,oa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lglac/a k /kukRed
ifjyf{kr gks jgk gSA fo|ky;ksa ds laxBukRed okrkoj.k dks f'k{kdksa dk vPNk osru] inksUufr] iqjLdkj]
lkSg–Ziw.kZ okrkoj.k] ukSdjh LFkkf;Ro] fo|ky;ksa ds lHkh deZpkfj;ksa ¼ç/kkukpk;Z] çca/ku lfefr] f'k{kd]
fo|kFkhZ] pijklh½ esa vkilh laca/k vkfn çHkkfor djrs gSaA Li"V gksrk gS fd f'k{kd x.k çlUu gksdj]
vius O;olk; ds çfr larq"V gksdj f'k{k.k vf/kxe çfØ;k dks mfpr çdkj ls laiUu djrs gSa] ftlls
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k mPp –f"Vxkspj gksrh gSA blfy, mä rRoksa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg, o
bl laca/k esa mik; Hkh fd, tkus pkfg,] ftlls f'k{kd vius O;olk; ds çfr fu"Bk Hkko] bekunkjh]
çsfjr eglwl djsAa

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 fç;adk frokjh 18383
(Pg. 18377-18384)

lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph

HknkSfj;k] lquhrk- ¼2013½- mPp ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa dk;Zjr f'k{kdksa ,oa f'kf{kdkvksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk
dk rqyukRed v/;;u] 'kks/k leh{kk vkSj ewY;kadu] tuojh 2013] i`- 93
caxk] peu yky-¼2014½- f'k{kd] f'k{kd O;ogkj ,oa f'k{k.k ,d O;olk;- baVjus'kuy eYVhfMlhfIyujh bZ
tujy- o‚Y;we 3-] vad 4- i`- 126&139
ch-ih- izoh.k- ¼2004½- izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds f'k{kdksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk dks izHkkfor djus dk v/;;u
¼tuknZu jk; uxj jktLFkku fo|kihB fo'ofo|ky; Mcksd mn;iqj jktLFkku½ izkbejh f'k{kd] vizSy
2004 i`- 25
flag] t; izdk'k- ¼2013½- fjys'kuf'ki fcV~ohu Vhfpax dkWEihVsl
a ,.M lsfVLQsD'ku% , LVMh ,ekax Vhpj
,tqdsVlZ ofdZx bu lsYQ Qkbusflax dkyst bu mRrj izns'k bf.M;u tuZy vkWQ fjlpZ 35 2013
fMuk] dksMh- ¼2006½-Vhfpax bQsfDVousl ,.M LVqMsUV 'ksjeSu fgysu vphoesaV bDtkfeax n fjys'kuf'ki
,tqds'kuy fjlpZ DokVZyhZ 29]i`- 40&51A
xqIrk],l-ih- ,oa vYdk xqIrk-¼2004½- mPprj f'k{kk euksfoKku 'kkjnk iqLrd Hkou bykgkcknA
xqIrk] jpuk ,oa Mk-'kkfyuh- ¼2021½- x`g okrkoj.k dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij çHkko dk v/;;u
dyk ljksoj o‚Y;we 24 vad 1 tuojh&ekpZ 2021 i`- 512&520
xqIrk] laxhrk ,oa eksgUrh] ,-ds- ¼2009½- Hkkoh f'k{kdksa dh f'k{k.k O;olk;] d{kk&d{k f'k{k.k rFkk Nk= dsfUnzr
vH;kl ds izfr vfHko`fRr dk v/;;u] tujy vkWQ Vhpj ,twds'ku ,.M fjlpZ- ubZ fnYyh- o"kZ 4]
vad 2] i`- 67&70-
gsdVZ] Vsfjlk ,.M vnj- ¼2006½- fjys'ku vkWQ dkslZ baLVªDVlZ ,.M LVwMsVa djsfDVªfLVDl Vw Mkbesa'ku vkWQ
LVwMsUV jsfVax vkWQ Vhfpax bQsfDVousl] 2006 dksyt LVwMsUV tuZy] 40] i`- 195&203A
tks'kh vuqjk/kk ,oa flag- ¼2004½- ¶yS.MlZ dh vUr% fdz;k fo'ys"k.k iz.kkyh dk f'k{k.k n{krk ij izHkko% ,d
iz;ksx ¼,l-,l- JhokLro½ lEiknd Hkkjrh; f'k{kk 'kks/k if=dk y[kuÅ bf.M;u bULVhV~;wV vkWQ
,twds'ku 23 ¼2½-
dqekj T;ksfrUn- ¼2013½- ,dsMfed lSfVLQSD'ku ,.M eSUVy gsSYFk LVsV~l vkWQ Vhpj Vªsuht 'kks/k leh{kk vksj
ewY;kadu] Qjojh 2013 i`- 22
feRry] larks"k- ¼1995½- 'kSf{kd rduhdh ,oa d{kk d{k izcU/k jktLFkku] fgUnh xzaFk vdknehA
uk;d] jes'k- ¼2006½- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij v/;kidksa ds O;fDrRo vfHko`fRr vkSj f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk
dk izHkko] ,DlisjhesUV bu ,twds'ku] okWY;we 34 vizsy i`- 72
uk;d] jes'k-¼2006½- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ij v/;kidksa ds O;fäRo vfHko`fÙk vkSj f'k{k.k çHkko'khyrk
dk çHkko- ,DlisjhesaV~l ,tqds'ku] vçSy 2006- o‚Y;we 34 72
ik.Ms;] ,u- ¼1986½- ,QsDV~l vkWQ Ldwfyax vkWu n MsoyiesUV vkWQ ykWftdy fFkfdax ,.M ,sMtLVesUV veax
byhesaVjh Ldwy fpYMªsu] ih-,p-Mh- ,tqds'ku] mRdy ;wuhoflZVhA
jkcVZ ,oa Qzkafll-¼2002½- bUlkbDyksihfM;k vkWQ ,twds'ku fjlpZ] , izkstDs V vkWQ n vesfjdu ,twds'ku fjlpZ
,lksfl,'ku] QLVZ ,fM'ku] i`- 645
'kekZ] vkHkk ,oa osnh dkUrk-¼2016½ -, LVMh vkWQ lsd.s Mjh Ldwy VhplZ ,IVhM;wV vckmV Vhfpax izkQ
s s'ku
bUVjus'kuy tujy vkWQ ,T;wds'kuy Iykfuax ,.M ,MfeuULVªs'ku vkbZ ,l-,l- ,e 2249&3093
okY;we 6] vad 1 ¼2016½ ih-ih- 16
'kekZ] vpZuk ,oa pUnsy],u-ih-,l-¼2010½- izf'kf{kr ,oa vizf'kf{kr f'k{kdksa dh d{kk d{k v'kkfCnd lEizs"k.k
O;ogkj tkx:drk dk rqyukRed v/;;u] ,e-,M fMtVsZ'ku ,ClVªs tuojh 2011 prqFkZ vad Mh-bZ-
vkbZ- vkxjk i`- 113

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

 fç;adk frokjh 18384
(Pg. 18377-18384)

'kekZ] lat;- ¼2006½- f'k{kdksa dh f'k{k.k izHkko'khyrk ,oa ;kSuHksn ds ifjizs{; esa O;fDrRo dkjdksa dk v/;;u]
,e-,M vizdkf'kr y?kq'kks/k izca/k Mh-bZ-vkbZ- vkxjk A
'kekZ] —".kk- ¼2017½-laxBukRed okrkoj.k dk v/;kidksa dh Hkwfedk ncko ds lanHkZ esa v/;;u] baVjus'kuy
tujy v‚Q vIykbM fjlpZ- o‚Y;we 3 vad 8 Hkkx 1 ¼2017½-
'kekZ] ;ksxs'oj çlkn ,oa muds lkfFk;ksa-¼2021½- ek/;fed Lrj ds 'kgjh rFkk xzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kSf{kd #fp
dk lkekftd fo"k; esa fu"ifÙk dk ,d rqyukRed v/;;u &vejksgk tuin dh fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa
us'kuy tujy v‚Q eYVhfMlhfIyujh fjlpZ ,aM MsoyiesaV o‚Y;we 6 vad 2 o"kZ 2021-16&18-
;w-Vh-okbZ jkWcVZ-¼2005½- fjys'kuf'ki fcVohu VhplZ Vhfpax bQsfDVousl ,.M Ldwy bQsfDVousl bu dkWEizsgsUlho
gkbZ Ldwy bu rkboku fjifCyd vkWQ pkbuk] 2005½ b-vkj-vkbZ-lh- vku ykbZu lfCl'ku isij iztsUVsM
,V n baVjus'kuy dkaxzslA

Copyright © 2023, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies