Name

HL Score
Practice Exam: Paper 2
Topic 5: Energetics /51
SL

1. Hydrazine is a valuable rocket fuel.

The equation for the reaction between hydrazine and oxygen is given below.

N2H4(g) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2H2O(g)

Use the bond enthalpy values from Table 11 of the Data Booklet to determine the enthalpy change for this
reaction.
(Total 3 marks)

2. In some countries, ethanol is mixed with gasoline (petrol) to produce a fuel for cars called gasohol.

(i) Use the information from Table 11 of the Data Booklet to determine the standard enthalpy change for
the complete combustion of ethanol.

CH3CH2OH(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

(3)

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(ii) The standard enthalpy change for the complete combustion of octane, C 8H18, is
–5471 kJ mol–1. Calculate the amount of energy produced in kJ when 1 g of ethanol and 1 g of octane
is burned completely in air.
(2)

2
HL
1. Some words used in chemistry can have a specific meaning which is different to their meaning in everyday
English. State what the term spontaneous means when used in a chemistry context.

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(Total 1 mark)

2. Propene can be hydrogenated in the presence of a nickel catalyst to form propane.

Use the data below to answer the questions that follow.

Compound Formula ∆HOf / kJ mol–1 SO/ J K–1 mol–1

hydrogen H2(g) 0 + 131
propane C3H8(g) – 104 + 270
propene C3H6(g) + 20.4 + 267

(i) Outline why the value for the standard enthalpy change of formation of hydrogen is zero.

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(1)

(ii) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the hydrogenation of propene.

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(2)

(iii) Calculate the standard entropy change for the hydrogenation of propene.

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(2)

(iv) Determine the value of ∆GO for the hydrogenation of propene at 298 K.

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(2)

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 (cont.)

(v) At 298 K the hydrogenation of propene is a spontaneous process. Determine the temperature above
which propane will spontaneously decompose into propene and hydrogen.

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(2)
(Total 9 marks)

3. The lattice enthalpy of magnesium chloride can be calculated from the Born-Haber cycle shown below.

(i) Identify the enthalpy changes labelled by I and V in the cycle.

(2)

(ii) Use the ionization energies given in the cycle above and further data from the Data Booklet
to calculate a value for the lattice enthalpy of magnesium chloride.

(4)

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 (cont.)

(iii) The theoretically calculated value for the lattice enthalpy of magnesium chloride is +2326 kJ.
Explain the difference between the theoretically calculated value and the experimental value.

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(2)
(iv) The experimental lattice enthalpy of magnesium oxide is given in Table 18 of the Data
Booklet. Explain why magnesium oxide has a higher lattice enthalpy than magnesium chloride.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

4. Consider the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

(i) Using the average bond enthalpy values in Table 11 of the Data Booklet, calculate the standard
enthalpy change for this reaction.

(4)

(ii) The absolute entropy values, S, at 238 K for N2(g), H2(g) and NH3(g) are 192, 131 and 193 J K–1 mol–1
respectively. Calculate ∆Sο for the reaction and explain the sign of ∆Sο.

(2)

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 (cont.)

(iii) Calculate ∆Gο for the reaction at 238 K. State and explain whether the reaction is spontaneous.

(3)

(iv) If ammonia was produced as a liquid and not as a gas, state and explain the effect this would have
on the value of ∆Hο for the reaction.

(2)
(Total 12 marks)

5. (i) The standard enthalpy change of three combustion reactions is given below in kJ.

2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆HO = –3120

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆HO = –572
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔHO = –1411

Based on the above information, calculate the standard change in enthalpy, ∆HO, for the following
reaction.

C2H6(g) → C2H4(g) + H2(g)

(4)

(ii) Predict, stating a reason, whether the sign of ∆SO for the above reaction would be positive or negative.
(2)

(iii) Discuss why the above reaction is non-spontaneous at low temperature but becomes spontaneous
at high temperatures.

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(2)

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(iv) Using bond enthalpy values, calculate ∆HO for the following reaction.

C2H6(g) → C2H4(g) + H2(g)

(3)

(v) Suggest with a reason, why the values obtained in parts (i) and (iv) are different.

(1)
(Total 12 marks)