ASSIGNMENT 03

Name : Shabana Bibi

Class : MSc 4th Semester

Roll No : 44

Submitted To : Sir Dr. Muhammad Saleem

Course : Colloids

Department : Chemistry

University of Kotli AJK

 Summary Writing
To summarize something in short form

Introduction

This article document was written by “Lin-YuLong”, “Yun-XuanWeng”, and “Yu-

ZhongWang” on the topic of “Cellulose Aerogels: Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects” and
this was published on “6 June” in the Year of “2018”.

Body
Due to its excellent performance, aerogel is considered to be an especially promising new
material. Cellulose is a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer. Aerogel prepared using
cellulose has the renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of cellulose, while also
having other advantages, such as low density, high porosity, and a large specific surface area.
Thus, it can be applied for many purposes in the areas of adsorption and oil/water separation,
thermal insulation, and biomedical applications, as well as many other fields. There are three
types of cellulose aerogels: natural cellulose aerogels (nanocellulose aerogels and bacterial
cellulose aerogels), regenerated cellulose aerogels, and aerogels made from cellulose derivatives.
In this paper, more than 200 articles were reviewed to summarize the properties of these three
types of cellulose aerogels, as well as the technologies used in their preparation, such as the sol–
gel process and gel drying. In addition, the applications of different types of cellulose aerogels
were also introduced.

Conclusion
Cellulose aerogels have the environmentally-friendly renewability, biocompatibility, and
biodegradability of cellulose, but also have excellent properties such as low density, high
porosity, and a high specific surface area. Cellulose aerogels are particularly well suited for
applications in the areas of adsorption and separation of biomedical and thermal insulation
materials, as well as many other fields.
Introduction

This article document was written by “Yuqiong Lia , David James Young, Xian Jun
Loha” on the topic of “Fluorescent Gels: A Review of Synthesis, Properties, Applications and
Challenges” and this was published on “30 May” in the Year of “2019”.

Body
Soft material gels are important biomaterials for tissue engineering and biomedicine.
Fluorescent polymer gels possess the additional property of light emitting, which endows this
type of material with advanced applications in chemical and environmental sensing, photonics,
bioimaging, and electrofluorochromic devices. In this review, we provide an overview of the
recent development in the field of fluorescent polymer gels, with particular focus on hydrogels,
inclusive of methods of synthesis of such gel materials, their mechanisms of fluorescence,
physical and chemical properties, and their applications as demonstrated in laboratory studies. In
recognition of the diverse chemical structures of fluorescent gel materials, examples of
supramolecular fluorescent hydrogels and organogels are also included to provide a
comprehensive survey of the development in the field. White-light emitting hydrogels are
highlighted in this review due to their unique luminescence property, and their potential function
in intelligent information displays. Challenges and future perspectives of this type of material are
discussed, keeping in view continuing research efforts to engineer the material for macroscopic
production and commercial usages.
Conclusion
Challenges of these sorts are probably addressable with continued research into simpler
gelator chemistry and more spontaneous self-assembly of such polymer chains to form gel
bodies. With cross-linking or stronger chelating agents, the gain and loss moduli of the
fluorescent hydrogels can be improved to yield mechanically robust gel networks with
reproducible self-healing properties. Therefore, limitations of fluorescent supramolecular
polymer hydrogels are also opportunities for future designs of these materials to enable their
eventual applications beyond laboratory demonstrations.
 Summary Writing
Introduction

This article document was written by “Weiwei Su, Ran Wang, Cheng Qian, Xuetong Li,
Qi Tong and Tifeng Jiao” on the topic of “Research Progress Review of Preparation and
Applications of Fluorescent Hydrogels” and this was published on “29 November” in the Year of
“2020”.

Body
The fluorescent gel with good flexibility and biocompatibility has attracted more and
more attention due to its excellent optical properties. In this paper, the research progresses in
preparation methods and applications of fluorescent gels are reviewed. In addition, the
preparation methods of self-assembly and polymerization of fluorescent gel are also introduced.
In this paper, it should be noted that some outstanding research about the fluorescent gels used in
sensors, bio-imaging probes, drug delivery, and other application fields is summarized. ,is work
provides useful reference information for further exploration and study of fluorescent hydrogels.
Conclusion
The hydrophilic functional groups attached to the polymer backbone make the gel have
high water absorbency and unique 3D network. ,e fluorescent hydrogels with good
biocompatibility and luminescence properties show good application prospects in biomedicine.
At present, the fluorescent hydrogels have been widely used in sensors, biological imaging
probes, and so on. In this review, three different preparation methods are introduced, which are
used to construct fluorescent hydrogels with excellent properties. However, the fluorescent
hydrogels also have some defects. For example, the gel prepared by monovalent interaction has
poor mechanical stability due to the weak interaction between the gels. Therefore, based on the
good prospect of fluorescent hydrogel, accelerating the perfection of fluorescent gel defects and
preparing better fluorescent hydrogels are particularly important.
 Summary Writing
Introduction

This article document was written by “Enas M. Ahmed” on the topic of “Hydrogel:
Preparation, characterization, and applications” and this was published by “Khoylouin” the Year
of “2013”.

Body
Hydrogel products constitute a group of polymeric materials, the hydrophilic structure of
which renders them capable of holding large amounts of water in their three-dimensional
networks. Extensive employment of these products in a number of industrial and environmental
areas of application is considered to be of prime importance. As expected, natural hydrogels
were gradually replaced by synthetic types due to their higher water absorption capacity, long
service life, and wide varieties of raw chemical resources. Literature on this subject was found to
be expanding, especially in the scientific areas of research. However, a number of publications
and technical reports dealing with hydrogel products from the engineering points of view were
examined to overview technological aspects covering this growing multidisciplinary field of
research. The primary objective of this article is to review the literature concerning classification
of hydrogels on different bases, physical and chemical characteristics of these products, and
technical feasibility of their utilization. It also involved technologies adopted for hydrogel
production together with process design implications, block diagrams, and optimized conditions
of the preparation process. An innovated category of recent generations of hydrogel materials
was also presented in some details.
Conclusion
Recently, many hydrogel based networks have been designed and tailored to meet the
needs of different applications. The favorable property of these hydrogels is either ability to
swell when put in contact with an aqueous solution. The presented review demonstrates the
literature concerning classification of hydrogels on different bases, physical and chemical
characteristics of these products and technical feasibility of their utilization.
 Summary Writing
Introduction

This article document was written by “Xiaofeng Sui, Xueling Feng, Mark A. Hempenius
and G. Julius Vancso” on the topic of “Redox active gels: synthesis, structures and applications”
and this was published on “18 January” in the Year of “2013”.

Body
Recent years have brought significant advances and developments in the area of redox-
responsive polymers. This review outlines major developments that focused on the incorporation
of redox responsive components that are covalently attached as pending or crosslinking groups
along a polymer backbone. Among the major contestants, ferrocenes, conjugated polymers,
tetrathiafulvalene, transition metal ions and disulfide bonds represent major contributions in this
field. The unique technological feature of these responsive gels capable of redox stimuli
controlled and reversible changes is the ability to tune their shapes, color, solubility, or display
sol-to-gel transitions.
Conclusion
In summary, redox responsive gels form a fascinating new class of stimuli-responsive
materials. Using chemical or electrochemical stimuli, the redox centers in these gels can be
oxidized and reduced reversibly. When redox-active species are used as crosslinking moieties,
gel–sol transitions can be induced through redox triggers. The presence of redox-active moieties
in polymer repeat units allows one to innocence the polarity of corresponding network chains,
resulting in a swelling or collapsing of gels as the addressed polymer chains become more, or
less compatible, respectively, with their surrounding medium. Such responses are useful in
actuators, actuated photonic crystals and article muscle applications.