SALVADOR, YVETTE C.

CONTENT FOR PPT

RACE AND ETHNICITY
RACE
A social construct used to categorize people
based on physical characteristics such as skin
color, facial features, and hair texture.
Historically used to justify discriminatory
practices and inequality
Often used as a basis for identifying people in
government documents, surveys, and medical
research
ETHNICITY
Refers to cultural, national, or ancestral
heritage, and may include shared customs,
language, religion, and traditions
May be associated with shared geographical
origins or migration patterns
Can be a basis for cultural identity,
community formation, and sense of
belonging.
Can also be a basis for discrimination,
marginalization, and stereotypes.

DISTINCT DIFFERENCES OF RACE AND ETHNICITY

1. Definition: Race is primarily based on physical characteristics, while ethnicity is
primarily based on cultural and social factors.
2. Heredity vs. Culture: Race is typically seen as a hereditary trait that is determined by
genetics, while ethnicity is more closely tied to cultural and social factors that can be
passed down through generations.
3. Fluidity: Race tends to be more fixed and less flexible than ethnicity. While people can
identify with multiple ethnicities or cultural backgrounds, they generally cannot change
their race.
4. Societal Implications: Race has historically been used to justify social and political
inequalities, while ethnicity is often more closely associated with cultural identity and
community formation.
(The main differences between them lie in the factors that define them and the implications
they have on society.)

SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS OF RACE AND ETHNICITY IN SPORTS INDUSTRY

1. Representation: Race and ethnicity can affect which athletes are represented in different
sports and which ones are more likely to achieve success. For example, certain sports
may be more popular or have more resources in certain countries or communities, leading
to a higher proportion of athletes from those backgrounds.
2. Stereotypes: Stereotypes based on race and ethnicity can impact how athletes are
perceived and evaluated by coaches, fans, and the media. This can affect the
opportunities they are given, the coverage they receive, and the way they are portrayed in
the public eye.
3. Cultural Significance: Certain sports may hold greater cultural significance or be
associated with particular ethnic or racial groups. For example, basketball is often
 associated with African American culture in the United States, while soccer is closely
tied to Latin American and European cultures.
4. Marketing: The sports industry may tailor marketing and advertising to specific racial or
ethnic groups to appeal to their interests and preferences.
5. Diversity and Inclusion: Race and ethnicity can also play a role in efforts to increase
diversity and inclusion in sports and the sports industry, as well as addressing issues of
discrimination and unequal access to resources.
(Race and Ethnicity can have both positive and negative effects on sports and the sports
industry, and it is important to recognize and address these factors to promote equity and
fairness in all aspects of the field.)

COMMON ISSUES IN SPORTS RELATED TO RACE AND ETHNICITY

1. Stereotyping and Bias: Stereotypes and biases based on race and ethnicity can influence
the way athletes are evaluated and treated in sports. For example, in American football,
black quarterbacks have often been stereotyped as being less intelligent or less capable of
leading their team than white quarterbacks, leading to less opportunity and greater
scrutiny.
2. Lack of Representation: Certain racial or ethnic groups may be underrepresented or
excluded from certain sports or opportunities within the sports industry. For example,
there are relatively few black head coaches in professional soccer in Europe, despite a
significant number of black players.
3. Unequal Access to Resources: Economic and social factors can impact the access that
athletes from different racial and ethnic groups have to training, equipment, and other
resources necessary to succeed in sports. For example, in the United States, many high
schools with predominantly black and Latino student bodies have less funding and fewer
resources for sports than predominantly white schools.
4. Cultural Insensitivity: Insensitivity to different cultures and traditions can lead to
misunderstandings and conflicts in sports. For example, in basketball, some players have
been criticized for their celebrations and cultural expressions, which can be seen as
disrespectful or inappropriate by fans or opponents who do not understand or appreciate
their cultural significance.
5. Racial and Ethnic Discrimination: Discrimination based on race or ethnicity can take
many forms in sports, including racist slurs, exclusion from teams or leagues, and
unequal treatment by coaches or officials. For example, there have been numerous
incidents of racial abuse directed towards black players in European soccer in recent
years, leading to calls for greater action to combat racism in the sport.

(These and other issues related to race and ethnicity can have significant impacts on
sports and the sports industry, and as I have mentioned earlier, it is important to address
them in order to promote fairness, equity, and inclusivity in all aspects of the field.)