IRAN

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 Iran Facts

Iran is an Islamic Republic located in West Asia. Formerly known as

Persia, Iran is home to one of the largest empires in the world, the
Persian Empire, as well as one of the world's oldest religions,
Zoroastrianism.

GEOGRAPHY

★ Iran, with Tehran as its capital city, is located in West Asia (Middle
East) and is part of the Arab states. It is bordered to the north by the
Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the northwest by
Armenia and Azerbaijan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to
the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west
by Iraq and Turkey.
 Iran Facts
★ Iran is the 17th largest country in
the world with an area of 636,372
square miles (1,648,105 square
kilometers). Its major mountain
ranges are Elburz and Zagros, with
Mt. Damavand as the country’s
highest peak with an elevation of
5,609.2 m (18,403 ft). Its major
rivers are Karun, Karkeh, and
Zayandeh. Moreover, the country
has desert basins, seen in the Kavir
Desert, and a handful of salt lakes. Iran’s location on the globe.

★ Due to its location being near the

Arabian Desert and brought forth by
the humidity of the Mediterranean
area, Iran has a diverse climate. It
ranges from arid and semi-arid, to
subtropical, characterizing the country
as having a hot, dry climate. It is
observed as having lengthy, hot, dry
summers and short, cool winters.
Physical Map of Iran
★ Iran is home to a smatter of Persian leopards and Asiatic cheetahs
(Iranian cheetahs). Its mountains and plateaus serve as habitat for
several wildlife animals, such as leopards, wild goats, brown bears,
Eurasian lynx, wild pigs, gray wolves, gazelles, foxes, and panthers.
Previously, the country was also home to Asiatic lions and extinct
Caspian tigers.
 Iran Facts
PEOPLE and CULTURE

★ The recognized official language of Iran is Persian. Others comprise

of the Indo-European language family, and languages belonging to
some other ethnicities in the country such as Turkic, Semitic, and
Caucasian languages.
★ The ethnic groups in the country can be identified mostly by the
spoken languages. The largest ethnic group is the Persians (61%),
followed by Azerbaijanis (16%), Kurds (10%), Lurs (6%), Balochs
(2%), Arabs (2%), Turkmens and other tribes (2%), and others,
mostly comprises of Armenians, Assyrians, Circassians, Georgians,
and Talysh, (1%).
★ Being one of the Arab states, Iran’s official religion is Shia Islam.
Minorities include Suffi Islam, Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian.
★ Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest religions, originated in Iran,
formed 4,000 years ago with its founder Zoroaster.
★ Religion is an integral part of the lives of Iranians as can be
predominantly observed in their festivals such as Ramadan, Eid,
and Ashura for the Muslims. The Jewish population observe Purim
and Hanukah, Noel for Christians, and Sadeh and Mehrgan for the
Zoroastrians.
★ Uniquely Iranian, the country’s new year celebration, Persian New
Year, starts with Nowruz (new day), an ancient practice being
celebrated annually during the vernal equinox (March). Hence, the
country follows the Solar Hejri calendar for the Nowruz’s accuracy.
★ As for Iranian art, literature, music, and architecture, they are mostly
influenced by Islam and Persian traditions. In history, Iran’s Golden
Age produced philosophical, medicinal, and mathematical works
which are recognized internationally.
 Iran Facts
As a matter of fact, Al-Khwarizmi, an Iranian medieval scientist,
played a significant role in the development of algebra and Arabic
numerals.
★ As for Iran’s famous delicacies, widely recognized as Persian
Cuisine, it comprises of combinations of rice with meat, vegetables,
and nuts.

HISTORY and GOVERNMENT

★ Iran is home to some of the oldest civilizations in the world. The
country’s first great city, Susa, dates to early 4,395 B.C. and is
located along the Iranian plateau.
★ In 559 B.C., the Persian Empire rose to greatness in the southern
part of Iran. The empire successfully conquered the Egyptians and
Mesopotamians resulting in the empire's expansion. The empire
extended from Iran to modern-day Pakistan. In 330 BC, the empire
was conquered by the Greeks.
★ In 224 A.D., the Sassanids rose into power. Through this, Persia
became part of the Islamic empire in 642 A.D.
★ In the early part of the 15th century, Persia came under the
leadership of the Safavids. It marked the empire’s unification and
adoption of Shia Islam.
★ By the latter part of the 18th century, Russia and Britain took control
over some parts of Persia due to a series of conflicts.
★ By 1921, Reza Shah Pahlavi became the new leader of Persia and
deposed the ruling Shah (king) in 1925. Pahlavi reformed the
country by building railways and roads, promoting industrial growth,
creating public schools, and giving women more rights and
freedoms. In 1935, he changed Persia's Greek name to "Iran" and
became Shah in 1941.
 Iran Facts
★ In 1979, Pahlavi was indicted of corruption and was forced to flee
the country. This event marked the end of shah ruling in Iran and
shifted to religious leaders instead.
★ The first religious leader was Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. He
remained in power for ten years. His term in power was signified by
tensions with the United States and long wars.
★ Today, Iran’s government, the Islamic Republic, is guided by Shia
Islamic ideologies making it a theocratic form of government. Iran’s
head of state is the supreme leader, a religious leader who is
appointed by a group of Islamic clerics, the Assembly of Experts.
Furthermore, the country’s head of the government is the president
(executive powers). The country also has a legislative body which is
bicameral, which means it comprises two chambers - the Islamic
Consultative Assembly and the Guardian Council. The country’s
head of the judiciary, the Chief Justice, is appointed by the Supreme
Leader.
Name:

Iran in West Asia

Iran is a sovereign state located in the Western Part
of Asia, commonly known as Middle East. Locate Iran
in West Asia and identify its neighbouring countries.

2
7
3 6

5
4

8
9

10

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
 Iran in West Asia
Answer Key

2
7
3 6

5
4

8
9

10

1. Turkey 6. Iraq
2. Syria 7. Iran
3. Lebanon 8. Saudi Arabia
4. Israel 9. Oman
5. Jordan 10. Yemen
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