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Cognitive Spoken English
In Sentence Patterns
ÜFè Fø¬ñ, ÜP¾, è®ù à¬öŠ¹, Mì£ºòŸC

ÝAò¬õèœ Þ¼‰¶‹, å¼ CPò ÝƒAôˆFù£™
î¡Â¬ìò º¡«ùŸø«ñ ð£F‚èŠðÁø¶ â¡Á
â‡μðõ˜èÀ‚° ÞŠ¹ˆîèˆ¬î
êñ˜ŠH‚A«ø¡.
Ü¡¹ì¡
Dr. K. S. Jayakumar, B.E, M.Tech, M.S, PhD.

Natural Language Research Center (NLRC)
Salem-636111
Mob: +91 9894854413
Web: www.nlrc.in
A Product of NLRC Spoken English
Head Office:
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Salem (DT), Tamil Nadu, India – 636 111.
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Copyright @ NLRC Spoken English, 2010.
First Edition 2010
Cognitive Spoken English in Sentence Patterns is copyright

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Þ¼Šðî£™, Ü¬õè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõîŸ° ï£‹ ÝƒAô
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Þ¼‚A«ø£‹. Þ‰î Å›G¬ôJ™ ÝƒAôˆF¡ «î¬õ Iè
º‚Aòñ£è Þ¼Šðî£™, ªðŸ«ø£˜èœ îƒèœ °ö‰¬îèœ
è‡®Šð£è ÝƒAôˆF™ ¹ô¬ñ ªðø «õ‡´‹ â¡Á
â‡μAø£˜èœ. ÞîŸè£è ªðŸ«ø£˜èœ âšõ÷¾
«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ ªêô¾ ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ. Þî¡
è£óíñ£è G¬øò ÝƒAô õN îQò£˜ è™M GÁõùƒèœ
Ýó‹H‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
. îŸ«ð£¬îò Å›G¬ôJ™ ªð¼‹ð£ô£ù ñ£íõ˜èœ
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° Iè¾‹ îòƒ°Aø£˜èœ. ÞîŸ° Iè
º‚Aò è£óíƒèœ: ñ£íõ˜èœ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶
¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÜŠð®«ò «ðê
G¬ùŠð¶ ñŸÁ‹ ÝƒAôˆ¬î Þô‚èí H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ «ðê
G¬ùŠð¶ Ý°‹.
Þ‰î ¹ˆîèñ£ù¶ àƒèÀ‚° ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹
Þ™ô£ñ™ îI› õNò£è v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú
èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶. ï£¡ àð«ò£A‚°‹ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬øò£ù¶ (Sentence Pattern Method) cƒèœ
ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õîŸ° Iè¾‹ àÁ¶¬íò£è
Þ¼‚°‹. Þ¶ å¼ ¹¶¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô ðJŸC º¬ø Ý°‹.
Þ‰î ¹¶¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô ðJŸC º¬ø¬ò ºî¡
ºîô£è àƒèÀ‚° ÜPºèŠð´ˆ¶õF™ ï£¡ Iè¾‹
ñA›„Cò¬ìA«ø¡. ÞŠ¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷
¹K‰¶ªè£‡ì£™, cƒè÷£è«õ ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðê
Ýó‹Hˆ¶Mí˜èœ.
ÝƒAôˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£‡´ ï‹ î£Œªñ£Nò£‹

îI¬ö ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹
ð£¶è£Š«ð£‹.
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ì£‚ì˜. «è. âv. ªüò‚°ñ£˜
ÞŠ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ð®‚°‹«ð£¶ àƒèÀ‚° â¿‹
ê‰«îèƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ W›è‡ì
ßªñJ½‚° ÜÂŠH ¬õ»ƒèœ.
àƒèÀ¬ìò ê‰«îèƒè¬÷ ï£ƒèœ
Gõ˜ˆF ªêŒA«ø£‹.
spokenenglish@nlrc.in
(OR)
www.nlrc.in
è™M, «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£N™

ê‹ð‰îñ£ù Ý«ô£ê¬ùè¬÷»‹
õöƒ°A«ø£‹.
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(Table of Contents)
1. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú ðŸPò

å¼ è‡«í£†ì‹
(Spoken English – A Glance) ……........ 1
2. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸø½‚è£ù

â¡.â™.Ý˜.C-J¡ MFº¬øèœ
(NLRC Rules for
Spoken English Learning) ....…........... 21
3. õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ
(Sentence Patterns) .....…....…............ 33
4. ñQî˜è¬÷Š ðŸPò HóF ªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ

(Pronouns of Humans) ....…....…......... 49
5. º‚Aòñ£ù ¹ô¡ê£˜‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ

(Important Cognitive Words) .........… 63
6. 500 îI› õ£‚AòƒèO¡

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ
(500 Tamil Situations into English
Sentence Patterns) ....…..................… 171
1
ð£ì‹ - 1
v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú ðŸPò

å¼ è‡«í£†ì‹
Chapter – 1
Spoken English – A Glance

2 Chapter 1: Spoken English - A Glance
Natural Language Research Center (NLRC) - www.nlrc.in 3
1. Cognitive Spoken English - in Sentence Patterns

â¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ cƒèœ â¡ù èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷
«ð£Al˜èœ? ñŸÁ‹ ÞŠ¹ˆîè‹ àƒèO¡ âšõ¬èò£ù
Fø¬ñ¬ò õ÷˜‚°‹?
â¡ø
Cognitive Spoken English - in Sentence Patterns
¹ˆîè‹ cƒèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðê
èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶. Þ¶ ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î
ðò¡ð´ˆî£ñ™ îIN™ v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú
àƒèÀ‚° èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚Aø¶.
Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LR¡
Ü®Šð¬ì «è£†ð£´è¬÷ M÷‚A, àƒèÀ‚°
ªîK‰î ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ ªè£‡«ì, àƒè¬÷
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê ¬õ‚°‹.
àƒèÀ‚° ªîK‰î è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ cƒèœ
âO¬ñò£ù ÝƒAôˆF™ ñŸøõ¼‚° ªê£™L ¹Kò
¬õ‚èÃ®ò Fø¬ñ¬ò Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ õ÷˜‚°‹.
2. Spoken English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

â¡ð¶ âO¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô
Spoken English
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences) ªè£‡ìî£°‹.
ÝƒA«ôò˜èœ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶
ªð¼‹ð£½‹ âO¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷î£¡ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶Aø£˜èœ.
3. Written English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

Written English â¡ð¶ èôŠ¹ ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Complex Sentences)
ªè£‡ìî£°‹. å¼ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòñ£ù¶ ÜFè
Þô‚èí MFè¬÷ àœ÷ì‚A â¿îŠð†®¼‚°‹.
ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î ï¡° ªîK‰¶

ªè£‡ì£™î£¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹
è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ å¼õ˜ ªîOõ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷
º®»‹.
Þ‰î èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòñ£ù¶ ¹ˆîèƒèœ,
ªêŒFî£œèœ «ð£¡øõŸP™ ÜFèñ£è
ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶.
4. Spoken English-‹ Written English-‹ å¡ø£?

Spoken English-‹ Written English-‹ å¡ø™ô.
Þ¬õèœ Þó‡´‹ ªõš«õø£ù¬õ. Spoken
English «ð²õîŸ°‹, Written English â¿¶õîŸ°‹
5. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° ã¡ âO¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aòƒèœ (Simple Sentences) ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶?
ï£‹ «ð²‹«ð£¶ «ò£Cˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
Ü¬ñˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î à„êKˆî™ «ð£¡ø
ªêò™è¬÷ Iè °ÁAò è£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ «ïóˆF™
ªêŒA«ø£‹.
å¼õ˜ êó÷ñ£è ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê
«õ‡´ñ£ù£™, Üõ˜ è‡®Šð£è âO¬ñò£ù
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences)
ðò¡ð´ˆî «õ‡´‹. ÜŠªð£¿¶î£¡ Üõ˜
«ò£Cˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñˆî™, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
à„êKˆî™ «ð£¡ø ªêò™è¬÷ Iè °ÁAò
è£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ «ïóˆF™ ªêŒòº®»‹.
Ýù£™ å¼õ˜ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° èôŠ¹
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Complex Sentences)
ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñŠðF½‹

ñŸÁ‹ Ü¬î à„êKŠðF½‹ è£ô î£ñî‹ ãŸð´‹.
Þ‰î è£ô î£ñîˆFù£™î£¡ å¼õ˜ ÝƒAôˆF™
êó÷ñ£è «ðêº®õF™¬ô.
6. ÝƒAôˆF™ â¿îõîŸ° ã¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ

(Complex Sentences) ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶?
èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ Iè ¸μ‚èñ£ù ÝƒAô

Þô‚èí MFèÀ‚° à†ð†´ Ü¬ñ‚èŠð´‹.
èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ å«ó õ£˜ˆ¬î e‡´‹ Ü‰î
õ£‚AòˆF™ F¼‹ð õó£îð® ð£˜ˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷Š
ðÁø¶. Ýîô£™ °¬ø‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ ªè£‡´
G¬øò è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF¡ Íô‹
ªê£™ô º®»‹. Þîù£™ °¬ø‰î è£AîˆF™ ÜFè
è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ Ãø º®»‹.
å¼ ªêŒFî£O™ 20 ð‚èƒèO™ Þ¼‚°‹
ÝƒAô èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ âO¬ñò£ù
õ£‚AòˆF™ ñ£ŸP â¿F, Þ¬î ªêŒFî£O™
Ü„C†ì£™ °¬ø‰îð†ê‹ 40 ð‚èƒèœ
«î¬õð´‹.
ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î ï¡° ªîK‰¶
ªè£‡ì£™î£¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹
è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ å¼õ˜ ªîOõ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷
º®»‹.
Ýù£™ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚
ªè£œ÷ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí MFèœ «î¬õðì£¶.
W›è‡ì â´ˆ¶‚è£†´è¬÷ èõQ‚è¾‹.
Example:
Complex Sentence:
I buy the bag that is very big at Delhi that is capital
of India which is democratic country.
Þ¶ å¼ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aò‹ Ý°‹. Þ¬î
¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ Iè è®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
«ñ«ô ªê£¡ù è¼ˆ¬î âO¬ñò£ù
õ£‚AòˆF™ W›è‡ìõ£Á â¿îô£‹.
Simple Sentences:
I buy the bag; The bag is very big; I buy the bag at
Delhi; Delhi is capital of India; India is democratic
country.
Þ¬õèœ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ý°‹.

Þ¬î ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ Iè âOî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
ï£‹ Þƒ«è º‚Aòñ£è èõQ‚è «õ‡®ò
Mêò‹ â¡ùªõ¡ø£™, âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒèœ
âOî£è ¹KAø¶. Ýù£™ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
¹K‰¶ ªè£œõîŸ° è®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
ï£‹ «ð²õîŸ° âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™î£¡, ï‹ñ£™ êó÷ñ£è¾‹
«ðêº®»‹, Ü«î êñòˆF™ ï£‹ «ð²õ¬î
ñŸøõ˜èÀ‹ âOî£è ¹K‰¶ªè£œõ£˜èœ.
7. èì‰î 50 õ¼ì è£ôñ£è îI›ï£†®™ ÝƒAô‹
èŸÁˆîóŠðÁø¶. Ýù£™ Þ¡Â‹ ïñ‚° ÝƒAôˆF™
«ð²õîŸ° è®ùñ£è Þ¼Šð¶ ã¡?
ï£‹ å¼ ªñ£N¬ò «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì
Hø°î£¡ Ü‰î ªñ£N¬ò ð®‚è ñŸÁ‹ â¿î
èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. ï£‹ îI› ªñ£NJ™ Þ‰î
ñ£FKî£¡ ªêŒA«ø£‹.
Ýù£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ â¡ù ïì‚Aø¶? ÝƒAô

ªñ£N¬ò â¿î ñŸÁ‹ ð®‚è èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì
Hø°î£¡ «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹. ï£‹ ªêŒ»‹
Þ‰î îõ¬ø êŸÁ C‰F»ƒèœ.
8. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LR™ ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ ªêŒ»‹

îõÁ â¡ù?
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ ¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÜŠð®«ò «ðê«õ‡´‹
â¡Á ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ‰î
CPò îõÁî£¡ Üõ˜èœ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õ¬î
è®ùñ£è Ý‚°Aø¶.
ãŸèù«õ °PŠH†ì ñ£FK, cƒèœ
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° âO¬ñò£ù
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ (Simple Sentences)
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õF™¬ô. ÜîŸ° ñ£ø£è, ðô˜
«ð²õîŸ° èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ Üî£õ¶ ¹ˆîè‹
ñŸÁ‹ ªêŒFî£O™ Þ¼‚°‹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õî£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ°
è®ùñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
9. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹

«î¬õò£?
v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷, Üî£õ¶
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹
«î¬õJ™¬ô. ï£‹ ï‹º¬ìò Í¡ø£õ¶
õòFL¼‰«î îI¬ö êó÷ñ£è «ð²A«ø£‹.
â¡¬ø‚è£õ¶ îI› Þô‚èíˆ¬î ðŸP «ò£Cˆî¶
à‡ì£? è‡®Šð£è A¬ìò£¶.
Ýù£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° ñ†´‹ ã¡

ï£‹ ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î Iè¾‹ ï£Á«ø£‹?
ãŸèù«õ ªê£¡ùñ£FK, Written English-™
Þ¼‚°‹ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõîŸ°
ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹ è‡®Šð£è «î¬õ. Ýù£™
Spoken English- ™ Þ¼‚°‹ âO¬ñò£ù
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ¹K‰¶ªè£œ÷ ñŸÁ‹ «ðê ÝƒAô
Þô‚èí‹ «î¬õ Þ™¬ô.
10. ï£‹ îI¬ö êó÷ñ£è «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œÀ‹«ð£¶ îI›
Þô‚èíˆ¬î èŸøF™¬ô. Ü«î«ð£™ ÝƒAô
Þô‚èíˆ¬î èŸè£ñ™ ÝƒAôˆF™ âŠð® êó÷ñ£è «ðê
èŸÁ‚ªè£œõ¶?
ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î èŸè£ñ™ ÝƒAôˆF™
êó÷ñ£è «ðê¬õ‚°‹ º¬ø‚° õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹
º¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method) â¡Á ªðò˜. Þ‰î
àôèˆF«ô«ò ºî¡ º¬øò£è õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹
º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê
èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚°‹ å«ó ¹ˆîè‹ Þ¶î£¡.
11. õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method)
â¡ð¶ â¡ù?
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø â¡ð¶ ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹
è¼ˆ¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™
ÝƒAôˆF™ ÃÁõî£°‹.
Ýù£™ ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ î£‹ G¬ù‚°‹
è¼ˆ¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£N ªðò˜ˆ¶î£¡
ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚Aø£˜èœ.
ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðêº®ò£¬ñ‚° Þ¶¾‹
å¼ è£óí‹ Ý°‹.
12. îIN™ ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹

º¬øJ¡ (Sentence Pattern Method) Íô‹ âŠð®
ÝƒAôˆF™ ÃÁõ¶?
ï£‹ îIN™ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ£‹.
è¼ˆ¶ Þ¶î£¡, “ ê ˜ ‚ è ¬ ó ã î £ õ ¶ e F
Þ¼‚Aøî£?” Þ¬î ÝƒAôˆF™ âŠð® ªê£™õ¶?
Þ¬î ÝƒAôˆF™ ªê£™ô, ªð¼ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ º¬ø ªñ£Nªðò˜ˆî™ Ý°‹.
Üî£õ¶ îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ åšªõ£¼
îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹ ÜîŸ°‡ì£ù ÝƒAô
õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñˆî™
Ý°‹. å¼õ˜ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚°‹«ð£¶ ãî£õ¶ å¼
îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‡ì£ù ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î
ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ Üõó¶ ñùF™ ðìðìŠ¹
ãŸð†´ Üõó£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
Ü¬ñ‚è º®ò£¶.
Ü´ˆ¶ àƒèOì‹ ï£¡ «è†°‹ Iè
º‚Aòñ£ù «èœM: ªñ£N ªðò˜‚è£ñ™
ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚è º®»ñ£?
M¬ì: è‡®Šð£è º®»‹.
“ê˜‚è¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ø
è¼ˆF¡ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: “Is there any sth left?”.
Þî¡ îI› Ü˜ˆî‹: sth-â¡ø ªð£¼œ ãî£õ¶
eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ sth â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°
ðFô£è ïñ‚° «î¬õò£ù ªðò˜ªê£™¬ô Ì˜ˆF
ªêŒ»‹«ð£¶ â‡íŸø ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
à¼õ£‚èô£‹.
è¼ˆ¶: ê˜‚è¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: “Is there any sth left?”
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: â¡Á õ£‚Aò

sth = Sugar
Ü¬ñŠH™ Ì˜ˆF ªêŒî£™
A¬ì‚°‹ õ£‚Aò‹:
“Is there any Sugar left?”
ÞŠªð£¿¶ ïñ‚° ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹ A¬ìˆ¶ M†ì¶.
“ÜKC ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ð¬î
âŠð® ÝƒAôˆF™ Ãøô£‹?
sth = Rice â¡Á õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ Ì˜ˆF
ªêŒî£™ A¬ì‚°‹ õ£‚Aò‹ “Is there any Rice
left?”.
“î‚è£O ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ð¬î

ÝƒAôˆF™ Ãø “Is there any Tomato left?”
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF
ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñŠð¶ âšõ÷¾
âO¶ â¡Á ð£¼ƒèœ.
ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î ï‹¬ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò
ï£‹ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.
Þ¶î£¡ à‡¬ñ.
13. îI› è¼ˆ¶èÀ‚° à‡ì£ù ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠ¬ðè¬÷ âŠð® ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œõ¶?
ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹ åšªõ£¼ îI› è¼ˆ¶èÀ‚°‹
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ www.ldoceonline.com â¡ø
ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‰¶ Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.
Ü«î«ð£™ www.nlrc.in â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‚°‹

Cognitive Spoken English â¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ 1500
ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° îI› Íôñ£è ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ ªðøô£‹.
ð£ì‹ 3-™ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ ðŸP
ªîOõ£è ð£˜Š«ð£‹.
14. Þ‰î ¹ˆîèˆF™ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹ Þ™ô£ñ™
v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv â¡Á â¿îŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
ÞŠ¹ˆîè‹ Íô‹ ÝƒAô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£‡ì£™ âù‚°
Written English õó£¶ â¡Á ðô˜ G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ‰î
ÃŸÁ êKò£?
cƒèœ Þšõ£Á G¬ùŠð¶ îõÁ. Tense ñŸÁ‹
Conjunction- è¬÷ ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œõ¶,
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ â¿¶‹ ðJŸC
«ð£¡ø¬õèœî£¡ Written English â¡Á ðô˜
G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ¶ îõø£ù ÃŸÁ Ý°‹.
Þ¬õèœ à‡¬ñJ™ Written English‚°‡ì£ù
è¼ˆ¶è«÷ A¬ìò£¶. Þ¬îMì Þ¡Â‹ 99
êîMî ¹¶¬ñò£ù è¼ˆ¶èœ Written English-™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ Íô‹ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
Ü¬ñ‚°‹ º¬ø¬ò ªîK‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™î£¡
cƒèœ Written English-™ ¹ô¬ñ ªðøº®»‹.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹
ñ¬ø‰F¼‚Aø¶.
ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î ï‹¬ñ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò
ï£‹ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ Íô‹ èŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø£‹.
Þ¶î£¡ à‡¬ñ.
15. Ý ƒ A ô ˆ F ™ ê ó ÷ ñ £ è « ð ² õ î Ÿ ° ª ê Œ F î £ ¬ ÷
ð®‚èô£ñ£?
ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õîŸ° ªêŒFî£¬÷
ð®‚è Ãì£¶. ãªù¡ø£™ ªêŒFî£O™ Þ¼‚°‹
õ£‚Aòƒèœ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ý°‹.
cƒèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ð²õîŸ°
°ö‰¬îèœ ï®ˆî ÝƒAô ý£L¾†
F¬óðìƒè¬÷ ÝƒAô êŠ¬ì†®½ì¡
ð£¼ƒèœ. ãªù¡ø£™ ÞˆF¬óðìƒèO™ Þ¼‚°‹
õ£ƒAòƒèœ Iè âO¬ñò£è Þ¼‚°‹.
16. ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œðõ˜ âŠ«ð£¶‹
ÝƒAôˆF™î£¡ «ò£C‚è «õ‡´‹. îIN™ «ò£C‚è
Ãì£¶ â¡Á ÜP¾ÁˆîŠðÁø£˜èœ. Þ‰î ÃŸÁ êKò£?
è‡®Šð£è îõÁ. ï£‹ îIN«ô£ Ü™ô¶
ÝƒAôˆF«ô£ «ò£CŠð¶ A¬ìò£¶. ï£‹
«ò£Cˆî™ â¡ø ªêò¬ô ï‹º¬ìò Í¬÷J¡
Physical Memory-J¡ Íôñ£è ªêŒA«ø£‹.
Physical Memory- Ýù¶ ï‹º¬ìò

ä‹¹ô¡èO¡ C‚ù™èOù£™ à¼õ£‚èŠ
ð†®¼‚Aø¶. Physical Memory-J™ à¼õ£‚Aò
è¼ˆ¬î ï£‹ îIN«ô£ Ü™ô¶ ÝƒAôˆF«ô£
õ£‚Aòñ£è Ü¬ñˆ¶ «ð²A«ø£‹.
17. ã¡ ÝƒAô ªñ£N îIN™ èŸÁˆîóŠðÁø¶?

å¼ ¹¶‚è¼ˆ¬î ï£‹ ñŸøõ¼‚°
ªê£™½‹«ð£¶ Ü‰î ¹¶‚è¼ˆ¬î Üõ¼‚°
ªîK‰î å¼ è¼ˆ¶ Íôñ£è ªê£™½‹«ð£¶î£¡
Üõ˜ ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ£˜.
ï‹ â™«ô£¼‚°‹ îI› ï¡ø£è ªîK»‹.

Ýîô£™ ïñ‚° ªîKò£î ÝƒAôˆ¬î ï£¡ ïñ‚°
ªîK‰î îI› ªñ£N Íôñ£è àƒèÀ‚°
èŸÁˆî¼A«ø¡.
18. Noun ñŸÁ‹ Adjective â¡ð¶ â¡ù?
Noun â¡ð¶
ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. å¼ ªð£¼O¡
ªðò˜î£¡ ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. Adjective â¡ð¶
ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹. åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚°‹
ð‡¹èœ (Properties) Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î ð‡¹èO¡
ªðò˜î£¡ ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹.
Üöè£ù, «õèñ£ù, M¬óõ£ù «ð£¡ø
õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ Adjective‚° â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ Ý°‹.
îIN™ “ù” â¡Á º®»‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ
ªð¼‹ð£½‹ AdjectiveÝè õ¼‹.
19. Verb ñŸÁ‹ Adverb â¡ð¶ â¡ù?
Verb â¡ð¶
M¬ùªê£™ Ý°‹. Þ‰î àôèˆF™
àœ÷ ªð£¼œèœ â¶¾‹ G¬ôò£è Þ¼ŠðF™¬ô.
Þ‰î ªð£¼œèœ å¼ ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ ñŸªø£¼
ÞìˆFŸ° ïè¼Aø¶. Þ‰î ïè¼î™ Ü™ô¶
ÞìŠªðò˜„C¬ò ªêò™ â¡Á ÃøŠðÁø¶. å¼
ªêòL¡ ªðò˜î£¡ M¬ù„ªê£™ Ý°‹. ïè¼,
«ð£, ÜÂŠ¹ «ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ
M¬ù„ªê£™½‚° â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ Ý°‹.
â¡ð¶ ªêòL¡ ð‡¹„ªê£™ Ý°‹.
Adverb
åšªõ£¼ ªêò½‚°‹ ð‡¹èœ (Properties)
Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î ªêò™èO¡ ð‡¹î£¡ Adverb
Ý°‹. Üöè£è, «õèñ£è, M¬óõ£è «ð£¡ø
õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ Adverb‚° â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ Ý°‹.
îIN™ “è” â¡Á º®»‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ

ªð¼‹ð£½‹ AdverbÝè õ¼‹.
20. Cognitive Words â¡ð¶ â¡ù? ï£‹ ¹Fî£è å¼
è¼ˆ¬î à¼õ£‚°õîŸ°‹ ñŸÁ‹ Ü¬î
ªõOŠð´ˆ¶õîŸ°‹ â‰î Ü÷¾‚° Þ‰î Cognitive
Words ïñ‚° àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶?
â¡ð¬î îIN™ ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î

Cognitive Words
õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ â¡Á Ü¬ö‚A«ø£‹.
¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° à¼õƒèœ
A¬ìò£¶. Ýù£™ Noun, Verb «ð£¡ø¬õèÀ‚°
à¼õƒèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ªñ£ˆî‹ 260 ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î
õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ‰î
õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ è£ôƒèœ, Þìƒèœ, è¼ˆ¶èÀ‚°
Þ¬ì«ò Þ¼‚°‹ ê‹ð‰îƒèœ «ð£¡ø¬õŸ¬ø
M÷‚°Aø¶. Þ‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡ ªð£¼œè¬÷
ªîOõ£è ªîK‰¶‚ ªè£‡ì£™, ¹Fî£è å¼
è¼ˆ¬î à¼õ£‚°õîŸ°‹ ñŸÁ‹ Ü¬î
ªõOŠð´ˆ¶õîŸ°‹ Þ¬õèœ ïñ‚° Iè¾‹
àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚°‹.
àƒèÀ‚° 1000 ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ
ªîK‰F¼‰¶‹, ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ
ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™ àƒè÷£™ ÝƒAôˆF™
¹ô¬ñ ªðø º®ò£¶.
21. ï£‹ ñŸøõ˜èOì‹ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê£ñ«ô«ò, ï‹ñ£™
ÝƒAô‹ «ðê‚èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ º®»ñ£?
è‡®Šð£è º®»‹. Þ¶ âŠð® â¡Á MKõ£è
ð£˜Š«ð£‹. cƒèœ èì‰î ÝÁ ñ£îƒèœ
â¡ªù¡ù îI› õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ «ðCm˜è«÷£
Ü™ô¶ «ò£Cˆb˜è«÷£ Ü¬õè¬÷ å¼ î£O™

â¿î¾‹. °¬ø‰î¶ 1000 îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ â¿î
«õ‡´‹. Hø°, cƒèœ â¿Fò îI›
õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷
(ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ü™ô) ªîK‰¶ ªè£‡ì£™
cƒèœ êó÷ñ£è ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê Ýó‹Hˆ¶
Mí˜èœ.
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœî£¡ àƒè¬÷
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê É‡Áø¶.
22. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô ñŸÁ‹ «è†ðõK¡

ñùG¬ô âŠð® Þ¼‚°‹?
«ð²ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô:
¾ ¹ˆîèˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
ÜŠð®«ò «ðê «õ‡´‹.
¾ Þô‚èíŠ H¬öJ¡P «ðê «õ‡´‹.
¾ «õèñ£è «ðê «õ‡´‹.
«è†ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô:
¾ «è†ðõ˜ ÝƒAô õ£‚AòˆF¡ ªð£¼¬÷

ñ†´‹î£¡ èõQŠð£˜. cƒèœ Þô‚èí
H¬ö«ò£´ «ð²Al˜è÷£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á
èõQ‚èñ£†ì£˜.
¾ «ð²ðõ˜ M†´ M†´ ªñ¶õ£è «ðCù£™ Ãì,
«è†ðõ˜ ªð£Á¬ñ»ì¡ Þ¼Šð£˜. «ð²ðõK¡
è¼ˆ¬î‚ «è†ðF™ ñ†´‹î£¡ °Pò£è
Þ¼Šð£˜.
¾ «ð²ðõ˜ Þ‰î ñ£FK «ðCù£™ Ãì «è†ðõ˜

ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ ªè£œõ£˜. “I walk road thief
hit fell”, Þ‰î ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòˆ¬î â™«ô£¼‹
¹K‰¶‚ ªè£œõ£˜èœ. ÞFL¼‰¶ ï£‹ â¡ù
¹K‰¶ ªè£‡«ì£‹ â¡ø£™, «ð²‹«ð£¶
Þô‚èí H¬öJ™ô£ñ™ «ðê «õ‡´‹ â¡ø
ÜõCò‹ Þ™¬ô.
23. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è

«ðêôñ£?
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è

«ðê‚Ãì£¶. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ ªñ¶õ£è
«ðê«õ‡´‹. ªñ¶õ£è åšªõ£¼ õ£˜ˆ¬îò£è
«ðCù£™ Ãì îõÁ ã¶‹ A¬ìò£¶.
24. Cognitive Spoken English â¡ð¶ â¡ù?
ï£‹ ï‹º¬ìò Í¡ø£õ¶ õòF™ îI¬ö

êó÷ñ£è «ð²A«ø£‹. ÞîŸ° º‚Aò è£óí‹
ï‹¬ñ ²ŸP Þ¼Šðõ˜èœ Ü¬ùõ¼‹ îIN™
«ð²õ¶ Ý°‹. ï£‹ îI¬ö ï‹º¬ìò ä‹¹ô¡èœ
Íôñ£è èŸÁªè£œA«ø£‹. Ü«î«ð£™,
ÝƒAôˆ¬î ï‹º¬ìò ä‹¹ô¡èœ Íôñ£è
èŸÁ‚ªè£´‚°‹ º¬ø‚° Cognitive Spoken English
â¡Á Ü¬ö‚èŠðÁø¶.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø ï£‹ ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò
ï‹º¬ìò ä‹¹ô¡èœ Íôñ£è èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷
Iè¾‹ àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
25. Communication Skill â¡ðî¡ à‡¬ñò£ù ªð£¼œ

â¡ù?
â¡ð¶ cƒèœ ªê£™ô
Communication Skill
G¬ù‚°‹ è¼ˆ¬î ñŸøõ¼‚° âOî£è
¹Kò¬õŠðî£°‹.
cƒèœ å¼õKì‹ å¼ ¹¶ Mêòˆ¬î
ªê£™½‹«ð£¶, Ü‰î ¹¶ Mêòˆ¬î «è†ðõ¼‚°
ãŸèù«õ ªîK‰î Mêò‹ Íôñ£è ªê£™½‹
«ð£¶î£¡ «è†ðõ˜ ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œõ£˜.
cƒèœ å¼ Mêòˆ¬î ð®‚°‹«ð£¶,
«è†°‹«ð£¶ Ü™ô¶ ð£˜‚°‹«ð£¶, Ü¬î
ºîL™ cƒèœ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹. Hø°
cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹K‰î ªè£‡ì Mêòˆ¬î â‰î
«ïóˆF½‹ ñŸøõ˜èÀ‚° âOî£è ¹Kò¬õ‚è
«õ‡´‹ Ü™ô¶ ñŸøõ˜èÀ‚° ¹KAø ñ£FK
ªê£™ô«õ‡´‹. Þ‰î Fø¬ñ àƒèOì‹
Þ™¬ôªò¡ø£™, cƒèœ â¡ùî£¡
ð®ˆF¼‰î£½‹ Þ‰î àôèˆF™ â¬î»‹
ê£F‚èº®ò£¶. Þ¶ î£¡ Communication Skill-¡
º‚Aò «ï£‚è‹ Ý°‹.
26. ÝƒAôˆF™ ð®‚°‹«ð£¶ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œÀ‹ Cô˜ Ü¬î
«ð²‹«ð£¶ Üõ˜èœ ã¡ î´ñ£ÁAø£˜èœ?
Cô˜ ÝƒAô‹ èŸ°‹«ð£¶ ÝƒAô
õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‡ì£ù îI› Ü˜ˆî¬î ñ†´‹
ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œAø£˜èœ. Ýù£™ Üõ˜èœ Ü‰î
ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îJ¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ èŸÁªè£œõF™¬ô. Þîù£™î£¡,
Üõ˜è÷£™ ¹K‰¶ªè£‡ì ÝƒAôˆ¬î «ðê
º®òM™¬ô.
Þ‰î Hó„ê¬ù¬ò «ð£‚è cƒèœ õ£‚Aò

Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò è‡®Šð£è H¡ðŸø «õ‡´‹.
27. ªð¼‹ð£½‹ ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜ â¡ù G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ
â¡ø£™ ïñ‚° G¬øò ð®Š¹ î°Fèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶ (B.E,
M.Sc, M.A, PhD,...) . Ýù£™ â¡ù£™ ÜFèñ£è
ê‹ð£F‚è º®òM™¬ô. Ýù£™ â¶¾‹ ð®‚è£îõ«ó£
Iè ÜFèñ£è ê‹ð£F‚Aø£˜ â¡Á ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜
¹ô‹¹õîŸ° Ü®Šð¬ì è£óí‹ â¡ù?
ÞŠð® ð®ˆîõ˜èœ Cô˜ ¹ô‹¹õîŸ° º‚Aò
è£óí‹ Communication Skill- â¡ø Fø¬ñ
Þ™ô£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶, å¼ è¼ˆ¬î
¹K‰¶‚ªè£œÀî™ ñŸÁ‹ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î ñŸøõ¼‚°
¹K»‹ð® ªê£™½î™ «ð£¡ø Fø¬ñèœ
Þ™ô£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹.
28. ñ£íõ˜èœ ðœO, è™ÖKèO™ âŠð® ð®‚è «õ‡´‹?

Üõ˜èœ â‰îñ£FKò£ù ÜP¬õ ªðø «õ‡´‹?
ÜFè ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒ¶ ÜFè
ñFŠªð‡ â´‚°‹ ñ£íõ¬ó Mì, °¬ø‰î
ð£ìƒè¬÷ ð®ˆ¶ Ü¬î º¿¬ñò£è
¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î ¹K‰î‚ªè£‡ì è¼ˆ¬î
ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªêò™ð´ˆ¶‹ ñ£íõ˜è«÷
ÞŠ«ð£¶ ï£†®Ÿ° «î¬õ. ãªù¡ø£™
Þõ˜è÷£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ ï£†®™ «õ¬ô
õ£ŒŠH¬ù à¼õ£‚èº®»‹. õÁ¬ñ¬ò åN‚è
º®»‹.
ÝƒAô ªñ£N¬ò êó÷ñ£è «ðCù£™ ñ†´‹
ï£‹ â¬î»‹ ê£F‚è º®ò£¶. ï£‹ ð®‚°‹
ð£ìƒè¬÷ ñùŠð£ì‹ ªêŒò£ñ™
¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ ï£‹ â¬î»‹

ê£F‚è º®»‹.
29. «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ «ï˜è£íL™ àƒèOìI¼‰¶ â¡ù

âF˜ð£˜‚èŠðÁø¶?
«ï˜è£íL™ ïñ‚° ªîK‰î è¼ˆ¬î ñŸøõ¼‚°
¹K»‹ð® ï£‹ ªê£™A«ø£ñ£ â¡ð¶‚°î£¡ ÜFè
º‚Aòˆ¶õ‹ ªè£´‚èŠðÁø¶.
30. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ â‰î Dictionary-¬ò

ðò¡ð´ˆîô£‹?
www.ldoceonline.com â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®™
Longman Dictionary- ¬ò Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.
Ü«î«ð£™ www.nlrc.in â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‚°‹
Cognitive Spoken English â¡ø ¹ˆîèˆFL¼‰¶ 1500
ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚° îI› Íôñ£è ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ ªðøô£‹.
******
cƒèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è
«ð²õîŸ° àƒèÀ‚° Iè¾‹
àÁ¶¬íò£è Þ¼‚°‹ Iè
º‚Aòñ£ù è£óE õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹
º¬ø (Sentence Pattern Method)
Ý°‹.
20
ð£ì‹ - 2
v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv
èŸø½‚è£ù â¡.â™.Ý˜.C-J¡
MFº¬øèœ
Chapter - 2
NLRC Rules for Spoken

English Learning
22 Chapter 2: NLRC Rules for Spoken English Learning
v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú êó÷ñ£è «ð²õîŸ° â¡.â™.Ý˜.C

ä‰¶ MFº¬øè¬÷ à¼õ£‚AJ¼‚Aø¶. cƒèœ
Ü¬õè¬÷ èõùñ£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡´ âŠªð£¿¶‹
ë£ðèˆF™ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.
â¡.â™.Ý˜.C MFº¬ø: 1
îIN™ àœ÷ è¼ˆ¬î ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòñ£è Ü¬ñ‚è

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò (Sentence Pattern Method)
ðò¡ð´ˆî «õ‡´‹.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬øèœ Íôñ£è ï£‹
G¬ù‚°‹ è¼ˆ¬î îINL¼‰¶ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™
ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚èô£‹. ð£ì‹ 1-™
Þ¼‚°‹ «èœM â‡ 12 ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹
º¬ø¬ò ðŸP ªîOõ£è M÷‚°Aø¶. ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬øè¬÷ ÜFèñ£è ªîK‰¶ ªè£œ÷ ð£ì‹
3-¬ò ð£˜‚è¾‹.
ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹ îI› è¼ˆ¶‚° ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹

(Sentence Pattern) ªîKòM™¬ô â¡ø£™, ÜîŸ°
ÝƒAôˆF™ âŠð® õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñŠð¶?
ïñ‚° ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ ªîKò£î
ð†êˆF™ W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†ì MFº¬øè¬÷
H¡ðŸP ï£‹ ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚èô£‹.
1. ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚Aòˆ¬î è£AîˆF™
â¿î¾‹.
2. îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò
ºîL™ â¿î¾‹. Þ‰î è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î M¬ù
Ü™ô¶ ªêò™ â¡Á Ü¬ö‚èŠðÁø¶.
3. Ü´ˆ¶, ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™,

ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ M¬ù¬ò ªêŒîõ˜ ò£˜ â¡Á
è‡´H®‚è¾‹. Ü‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò M¬ù‚°
º¡ù£® â¿î¾‹.
4. Hø°, ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ eîºœ÷
îI› õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ M¬ù‚° H¡ù£® â¿î¾‹.
5. ¹Fî£è Ü¬ñ‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™
Þ¼‚°‹ åšªõ£¼ îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹
ÜîŸ°‡ì£ù ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò «ð£†ì£™
ïñ‚° ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹ âOî£è A¬ìˆ¶M´‹.
îI› è¼ˆ¶: “â¡

â¡ Í…Cô Üõ¡ ²´î‡E¬ò
áˆF†ì£¡”
áˆF†ì£¡”. ïñ‚° Þ‰î îI› õ£‚Aòˆ¶‚°
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ ªîKòM™¬ô â¡Á
¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ£‹. «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì
MFº¬øè¬÷ ðò¡ð´ˆF ï£‹ âOî£è ÝƒAôˆF™
õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚èô£‹.
1. ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚Aòˆ¬î è£AîˆF™
â¿î¾‹.
â¡ Í…Cô Üõ¡ ²´î‡E¬ò áˆF†ì£¡
áˆF†ì£¡.
2. îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò
ºîL™ â¿î¾‹.
(áˆF†ì£¡)
3. ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™, ªêò¬ô
Ü™ô¶ M¬ù¬ò ªêŒîõ˜ ò£˜ â¡Á
è‡´H®‚è¾‹.
Þƒ° ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ M¬ù¬ò ªêŒîõ˜

(Üî£õ¶ áˆF†ì£¡ â¡ø ªêò¬ô ªêŒîõ˜):
Üõ¡
Ü‰î õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò M¬ù‚° º¡ù£® â¿î¾‹.
Üõ¡ (áˆF†ì£¡)
4. Hø°, ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ eîºœ÷

îI› õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ M¬ù‚° H¡ù£® â¿î¾‹.
eîºœ÷ îI› õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ: â¡ Í…Cô
²´ˆî‡E¬ò
Þ¬õè¬÷ M¬ù‚° H¡ù£® â¿î¾‹
Üõ¡ (áˆF†ì£¡) â¡ Í…Cô ²´ˆî‡E¬ò
5. ¹Fî£è Ü¬ñ‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™

Þ¼‚°‹ åšªõ£¼ îI› õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹
ÜîŸ°‡ì£ù ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò â¿î¾‹.
Üõ¡ (áˆF†ì£¡) â¡ Í…Cô ²´ˆî‡E¬ò
Üõ¡ = He
áˆF†ì£¡ = threw or poured
â¡ Í…Cô = in my face
²´î‡E¬ò = hot water
He threw or poured in my face hot water

Ü™ô¶
He threw or poured hot water in my face
Þƒ° º‚Aòñ£è èõQ‚è «õ‡®ò¶

â¡ùªõ¡ø£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ ªêò¬ô ªêŒîõ˜
ºîL½‹, ªêò¬ô Þó‡ì£õ¶ñ£è è‡®Šð£è
â¿î«õ‡´‹. ñŸø õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ âŠð®

«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ M¬ù‚° H¡ù£® â¿îô£‹.
ÝƒAôˆF™ îŠ¹ õó£¶.
The door open
You open the door
Þ‰î Þó‡´ ÝƒAô õ£‚AòƒèO¡ îI› Ü˜ˆî‹

â¡ù?
The door open
ªêò™ - open
ªêò¬ô ªêŒîõ˜ - The door
èî¾ Fø‚Aø¶, Üî£õ¶ Fø â¡ø ªêò¬ô èî¾
ªêŒAø¶.
You open the door
ªêò™ - open
ªêò¬ô ªêŒîõ˜ - You
â¬î - the door
cƒèœ èî¬õ Føƒèœ,
Üî£õ¶ Fø â¡ø ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜: cƒèœ. â¬î
FøŠð¶ - èî¬õ.
ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° â‰î Tense-è¬÷ ï£‹ ðò¡ð´ˆî
«õ‡´‹?
å¼ ªêò™ â‰î è£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ â‰î êñòˆF™
ïì‰î¶ â¡ð¬î °PŠHì Tense- ¬ò
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶A«ø£‹.
cƒèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° Gè›è£ô
M¬ù¬ò (Present Tense) ðò¡ð´ˆF, è£ôˆ¬î
°PŠðîŸ° ÜîŸ°‡ì£ù õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò

ðò¡ð´ˆ¶ƒèœ.
â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ:
1. ï£¡ «ïˆ¶ è¬ì‚° «ð£«ù¡ - I go to the shop
yesterday.
(I went to the shop yesterday â¡Á îŸ«ð£¬î‚°

«ðê£b˜èœ)
2. ï£¡ Þ¡Á è™ÖK‚° «ð£A«ø¡ - I go to the
college today
3. ï£¡ ï£¬÷ á†®‚° «ð£«õ¡ - I go to Ooty

tomorrow
4. ï£¡ Ü´ˆî ñ£î‹ «êô‹ «ð£«õ¡ - I go to Salem

next month
5. ñ¬ö ªðŒ¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶ - It rains now
(It is raining â¡Á îŸ«ð£¬î‚° «ðê£b˜èœ)

Þƒ° ªè£´‚èŠð†ì º¬ø¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF
cƒèœ «ðê Ýó‹H»ƒèœ. å¡Á Ü™ô¶ Þó‡´
ñ£îˆF™ cƒèœ àƒè¬÷ ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò êKò£ù
Tense-¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆî Ýó‹Hˆ¶Mí˜èœ.
º‚Aò °PŠ¹: àƒèÀ‚° â‰î Preposition-¬ò

ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õ¶, â‰î Articles (a, an, the)- ¬ò
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õ¶ â¡ø ê‰«îè‹ õ‰î£™, îŸ«ð£¬î‚°
àƒèÀ‚° ªîK‰î¬î ðò¡ð´ˆ¶ƒèœ Ü™ô¶
â¬î»‹ ðò¡ð´ˆî£ñ™ Þ¼‰î£½‹ îŠH™¬ô.
ÞŠ¹ˆîèˆF™ ªè£´‚èŠð†ì õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷
cƒèœ ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œÀ‹«ð£¶ cƒèœ àƒè¬÷
ÜPò£ñ«ô«ò êKò£ù Preposition ñŸÁ‹ Articles-

¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆ¶i˜èœ. Þ¶ 100% à‡¬ñ. ÞîŸ°
º‚Aò è£óí‹ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬øî£¡.
Þó‡´ Ü™ô¶ ÜîŸ° «ñŸð†ì îI› õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷

âŠð® ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê«õ‡´‹ Ü™ô¶ ªê£™ô«õ‡´‹?
Þ¶õ¬ó ï£‹ ð£˜ˆî¶ â™ô£‹ å¼ õK îI›
õ£‚Aòƒèœ. îIN™ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ï£‹
âŠð® ÝƒAôˆF™ ªê£™ô «õ‡´‹ â¡Á
ð£˜Š«ð£‹.
îI› èôŠ¹ õ£‚AòˆFŸè£ù â´ˆ¶‚è£†´:
«ïˆ¶ ï£¡ «ó£†ô ïì‰¶ «ð£JA†´¼‰îŠð Ì¬ù
°Á‚è «ð£ù¶.
îI› èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÝƒAôˆF™
ñ£ŸÁõîŸè£ù MFº¬øèœ:
1. îI› èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ âOò îI›
õ£‚Aòƒè÷£è ñ£Ÿø¾‹.
2. âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ 1) å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è
ïì‚°‹ ªêò™è÷£ Ü™ô¶ 2) å«ó êñòˆF™
ïì‚°‹ ªêò™è÷£ â¡Á è‡´H®‚è¾‹.
3. âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è
ïì‚°‹ ªêò™è÷£è Þ¼‰î£™, õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
ªî£ì˜‰¶ â¿î¾‹.
4. âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ å«ó êñòˆF™ ïì‚°‹
ªêò™è÷£è Þ¼‰î£™, õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™
Meanwhile / At the same time â¡Á â¿î¾‹.
5. âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ÝƒAôˆF™ â¿¶¾‹.

6. ÝƒAô õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ «î¬õò£ù
Þ¬íŠ¹ ªê£™¬ô â¿î¾‹.
7. ÝƒAô õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° è£ôˆFŸ° à‡ì£ù
õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò â¿¶¾‹.
[å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è ïì‚°‹ ªêò™èœ - Üî£õ¶ ºî™

ªêò™ ïì‰¶ º®‰îŠ Hø° Þó‡ì£õ¶ ªêò™
Ýó‹H‚°‹. Þó‡ìõ¶ ªêò™ ïì‰¶ º®‰îŠ Hø°
Í¡ø£õ¶ ªêò™ Ýó‹H‚°‹.
å«ó êñòˆF™ ïì‚°‹ Þ¼ ªêò™èœ - ÞF™ Þ¼
ªêò™èœ å«ó êñòˆF™ («ïóˆF™) ïì‚°‹]
â´ˆ¶‚è£†´èœ:
îI› èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aò‹ 1: «ïˆ¶ ï£¡ «ó£†ô ïì‰¶

«ð£JA†´¼‰îŠð Ì¬ù °Á‚è «ð£ù¶.

ï£¡ «ó£†®™ ïì‰¶ «ð£A«ø¡
Ì¬ù °Á‚«è «ð£ù¶
2. «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ å«ó

êñòˆF™ ïì‚°‹ ªêò™èœ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶ ï£¡
ïìŠð¶‹, Ì¬ù °Á‚«è «ð£õ¶‹ å«ó êñòˆF™
ïì‚Aø¶. Ýîô£™ Þ¼ õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™
Meanwhile â¡ø Þ¬íŠ¹ ªê£™¬ô ðò¡ð´ˆî
«õ‡´‹.

I walk in the road
The cat cross the road
Þ¬íŠ¹ ªê£™¬ô â¿î¾‹.
I walk in the road; Meanwhile, the cat cross the
road

õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò â¿¶¾‹.
Yesterday, I walk in the road; Meanwhile, the cat
cross the road
ÞŠ«ð£¶ ïñ‚° «î¬õò£ù ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒèœ

A¬ìˆ¶M†ì¶.
î I › è ô Š ¹ õ £ ‚ A ò ‹ 2 : è¬ì
è¬ ì J ô è £ ¬ê
ªè£´ˆF†´ Üõ¬ù ð£˜.

è¬ìJ™ è£¬ê ªè£´.
Üõ¬ù ð£˜.
2. «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì âOò îI› õ£‚Aòƒèœ å¡ø¡

H¡ å¡ø£è ïì‚°‹ ªêò™èœ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶
è¬ìJ™ è£¬ê ªè£´ â¡ø ªêò™ ºîL™
ïì‚°‹. Üõ¬ù ð£˜ â¡ø ªêò™ Þó‡ì£õî£è
ïì‚°‹. Ýîô£™ Þ¼ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ ï£‹
ªî£ì˜‰¶ õK¬êò£è â¿îô£‹.

(You) give the money in the shop
(You) see him
Þ¬íŠ¹ ªê£™¬ô â¿î¾‹. ÞîŸ° Þ¬íŠ¹
ªê£™ A¬ìò£¶. Ýîô£™ ï£‹ õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
õK¬êò£è â¿¶A«ø£‹.
(You) give the money in the shop; (You) see him

õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò â¿¶¾‹. Þ‰î õ£‚Aò‹ Gè›
è£ôˆF™ Þ¼Šðî£™ «ñ«ô àœ÷ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î
ÜŠð®«ò â¿îô£‹.
(You) give the money in the shop; (You) see him
ÞŠ«ð£¶ ïñ‚° «î¬õò£ù ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒèœ

A¬ìˆ¶M†ì¶.
[º‚Aò °PŠ¹: «î¬õŠð†ì£™ «ñ«ô ªê£¡ù

õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ and/then/next ãî£õ¶
å¡¬ø ðò¡ð´ˆîô£‹. Þ‰î õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡ îI›
Ü˜ˆî‹ «ñ½‹/Hø°/Ü´ˆ¶ Ý°‹.
(You) give the money in the shop; Then, (You) see
him]
¶Kîñ£è àƒè¬÷ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê¬õ‚°‹ º¬ø.
W«ö ªè£´‚èŠð†ì ðJŸC¬ò Þ‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î

ð®‚°‹ åšªõ£¼ ñ£íõ¼‹ è‡®Šð£è ªêŒò «õ‡´‹.
ÝƒAôˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ â™ô£ õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡
îI› Ü˜ˆîƒè¬÷ ªîK‰¶ ªè£‡ì£™ î£‹
ÝƒAôˆF™ êó÷ñ£è «ðêô£‹ â¡Á ðô˜
G¬ù‚Aø£˜èœ. Þ¶ îõø£ù è¼ˆ¶ Ý°‹.
Þƒ° õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ Mì, °¬ø‰îð†ê‹ 500
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ ªîK‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™,
Þ¬õè¬÷ ¬õˆ¶ ï£‹ 2000 Å›G¬ôèÀ‚° ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ Ü¬ñ‚èô£‹.
cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ð®Šð«î£´
ñ†´ñ™ô£ñ™, èì‰î 6 ñ£îƒèœ îIN™ «ðCò
ñŸÁ‹ G¬ùˆî õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ è£AîˆF™ â¿î¾‹.
cƒèœ â¿Fò îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAô
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ è‡®Šð£è ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷
«õ‡´‹. Þ¬î ªêŒî£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ àƒè÷£™
¶Kîñ£è ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê º®»‹.
cƒèœ àƒèÀ¬ìò ÝCKò˜, ï‡ð˜èœ ñŸÁ‹
www.nlrc.in Íôñ£è cƒèœ â¿Fò îI›
õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷
ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ô£‹.
ð£ì‹ 6-™ 500 îI› õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Üî¡
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ ªè£´‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
******
ð£ì‹ - 3
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ
Chapter - 3
Sentence Patterns
34 Chapter 3: Sentence Patterns
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™ ÝƒAôˆF™

õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚è ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶. Þ‰î õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠH™ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹ ñ¬ø‰F¼‚Aø¶.
Þ‰î ð£ìˆF™ å¼ ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îJ¡ îI›
Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î âŠð® ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹ â¡Á‹, ñŸÁ‹
ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ï£‹ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ Iè º‚Aòñ£ù õ£‚Aò
Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷»‹ ð£˜‚èô£‹. å¼ ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î‚è£ù
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ www.ldoceonline.com â¡ø
ªõŠ¬ê†®™ cƒèœ Þôõêñ£è ªðøô£‹.
cƒèœ W›è‡ì ÝƒAô °Pf´èO¡ Ü˜ˆîƒè¬÷
è‡®Šð£è ë£ðèˆF™ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ «õ‡´‹.
pat - õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ (Pattern)
syn - å«ó ªð£¼¬÷ ªè£‡ì ñŸø õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ

( Synonym )
/ - Ü™ô¶
sb - ò£ó£õ¶ å¼ ïðK¡ ªðò˜ (Somebody)
sth - ãî£õ¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ªðò˜ (Something)
do - M¬ù ( Verb )
doing - M¬ùJ¡ ing Ü¬ñŠ¹ (Verb-ing ,i.e. eating,

trying... )
done - M¬ùJ¡ past participle Ü¬ñŠ¹ ( Verb-pp,

i.e. eaten, gone... )
â¡ø£™ Ü¬ìŠHÂœ ( )
pat: wrong for (doing) sth -
Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF»‹ Ü™ô¶
ðò¡ð´ˆî£ñ½‹ õ£‚Aò‹ Ü¬ñ‚èô£‹.
Ýù¶ is, am, are, was,
pat: be able - be were
«ð£¡ø¬õèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø °P‚°‹.
sent - âO¬ñò£ù ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹ (Sentence)
sub - ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜ (Subject)
å¼ ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬î‚° Üî¡ îI› Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î

èŸÁ‚ªè£œÀ‹«ð£¶ W›è‡ì MFº¬øè¬÷ H¡ðŸø¾‹.
1. ÝƒAô õ£˜ˆ¬îJ¡ îI› Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î

ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷¾‹.
2. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î ªè£‡´ îIN™
õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚è¾‹.
3. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîF¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¬ð
4. õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¬ð‚ªè£‡´ ÝƒAôˆF™
â´ˆ¶‚è£†´ 1: about

ðŸP
2. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ îIN™
õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚è¾‹. Üî£õ¶ ðŸP â¡ø
õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò ¬õˆ¶ ãî£õ¶ å¼ îI› õ£‚Aò‹
Ü¬ñ‚è¾‹.
ï£¡ ÝƒAô ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ðŸP «ð²A«ø¡

3. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîˆF¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¬ð

Subject + Verb +about + sth
[about + sth = sth¬ò
ðŸP ]
Subject = ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜
Verb = ªêò™
sth = ãî£õ¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ªðò˜

ï£¡ ÝƒAô ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ðŸP «ð²A«ø¡ â¡ø
õ£‚AòˆF™
ªêò™ (verb) = «ð²A«ø¡ (talk)
ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜ (subject) = ï£¡ (I)
sth = ÝƒAô ¹ˆîè‹ (English book)
5. «ñŸªê£¡ù¬õè¬÷ Subject + Verb +about + sth

â¡ø õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ Ì˜ˆF ªêŒî£™
A¬ìŠð¶
I talk about the English book
â´ˆ¶‚è£†´ 2: about

å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼
2. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîˆ¬î ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ îIN™
õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñ‚è¾‹. Üî£õ¶ å¼ ªêò¬ô
ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼ â¡ð¬î ¬õˆ¶ ãî£õ¶ å¼
îI› õ£‚Aò‹ Ü¬ñ‚è¾‹.
ï£¡ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° îò£ó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡
3. Ü‰î îI› Ü˜ˆîF¡ ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¬ð

Subject +be +about to do sth
[about to do sth = do â¡ø ªêò¬ô ªêŒò
îò£ó£è Þ¼]
Subject = ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜

be = am/is/are
ãî£õ¶ å¼ ªêò™
do =
sth = M¬ù‚° H¡ù£™ õ¼‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î

ï£¡ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° îò£ó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡ â¡ø
õ£‚AòˆF™
ºî¡¬ñ ªêò™ (verb) = Þ¼‚A«ø¡ (be)
ªêò¬ô ªêŒðõ˜ (subject) = ï£¡ (I)
do = ê£ŠH´õîŸ° (eat)
sth = Þ¬î Ì˜ˆF ªêŒò îI›
õ£‚AòˆF™ â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô
5. «ñŸªê£¡ù¬õè¬÷ Subject + be + about to do
sth â¡ø õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ Ì˜ˆF ªêŒî£™
A¬ìŠð¶
I am about to eat
[°PŠ¹: «ñ«ô ªê£¡ù õ£‚Aò‹ ï£¡ ê£ŠH´õîŸ°

i†®™ îò£ó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡ â¡Á Þ¼‰î£™, Þî¡
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹ W›è‡ìõ£Á Þ¼‚°‹. I am about
to eat in the house. Þƒ° sth = i†®™ (in the house)]
ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ï£‹ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ Iè º‚Aòñ£ù õ£‚Aò

Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ:
1. âù‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: I want sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I want money
2. ï£¡ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° M¼‹¹A«ø¡

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: I want to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I want to eat
3. ï£¡ Üõœ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° M¼‹¹A«ø¡

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: I want sb to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I want her to eat
4. ï£¡ ÝŠHœ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° M¼‹¹A«ø¡

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: I want to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I want to eat apple
5. ï£¡ Üõœ ÝŠHœ ê£ŠH´õîŸ° M¼‹¹A«ø¡

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: I want sb to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I want her to eat apple
6. ï£¡ è£ŒèP õ£ƒè ñ£˜‚ªè†´‚° ªê™A«ø¡
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 for doing sth / sent1 to
do sth
(âŠ«ð£¶‹îIN™ è¬ìCò£è õ¼‹ õ£˜ˆ¬î
ÝƒAôˆF™ ºî¡¬ñ verb-Ýè õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶
sent1 ‚° verb-Ýè
õ¼‹. for doing sth Ýù¶ sent1
â¡ø õ£‚AòˆF¡ «ï£‚èˆ¬î °P‚Aø¶)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I go to market for buying the
vegetables / I go to market to buy the vegetables.
(sent1=I go to market)
7. ï£¡ ð®ŠðîŸ° è™ÖK «ð£A«ø¡

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 for doing sth / sent1 to
do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I go to college for studying / I
go to college to study (sent1=I go to college)
8. ï£¡ ïì‰¶‚ªè£‡«ì ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 while doing/ sent1,
meanwhile, sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I eat while walking / I eat,

meanwhile, I walk
( îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î

ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡
ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡, Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù eat
Ý°‹.)
9. ï£¡ ïìŠðîŸ° ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 to do sth / sent1 for doing
sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I eat to walk / I eat for walking

ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡
ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡, Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù eat
Ý°‹.)
10. Üõœ ïìùñ£´õ¬î ï£¡ ð£˜‚A«ø¡.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 sb doing sth / sent1 that
sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I see her dancing / I see that

she dances
(îI›õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î ð£˜‚A«ø¡,

Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù see Ý°‹.)
11. Üõœ ®MJ™ ïìùñ£´õ¬î ï£¡ ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I see her dancing in the TV / I

see that she dances in the TV
(îI›õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î ð£˜‚A«ø¡

ð£˜‚A«ø¡,
Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù see Ý°‹.)
12. «ïŸÁ, Üõœ CKŠð¬î è‡´ ï£¡ Mò‰«î¡

sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Yesterday, I surprised her

laughing / Yesterday, I surprised that she laughs.
13. Üõ¡ F¼ì¡ â¡Á «ð£Lv ªê£¡ù£˜.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 that sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: The police said that he is thief.
(that=â¡Á).
(îI› õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìC õ£˜ˆ¬î ªê£¡ù£˜ªê£¡ù£˜,
Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù said Ý°‹.)
14. ï£¬÷ ñ¬ö ªðŒ»‹ â¡Á ÝCKò˜ ªê£¡ù£˜.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent1 that sent2
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: The teacher said that it will rain
tomorrow. (that=â¡Á)
15. Üõ¡ ïì‚Aø£¡

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: He walks
16. Üõ¬ù ïì‚è ¬õ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub make sb do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: (You) make him walk
17. °ö‰¬î¬ò Þ†L ê£ŠHì ¬õ

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: (You) make the child eat idly
18. ð˜¬ú è£í£‹ Ü™ô¶ ð˜¬ê è£íM™¬ô.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sth is missing
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Purse is missing
19. ð˜¬ú ªî£¬ô„C†«ì¡.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: (sub) miss sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: (I) missed the purse
20. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó àí¾ ê£ŠHì ªê£™½ƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub ask/tell sb to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You ask/tell him to eat the food
21. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó àí¾ ê£ŠHì ¬õ»ƒèœ

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You make him eat the food
22. cƒèœ ÜõKì‹ «ðù£ «èÀƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub ask sb sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You ask him the pen
23. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó Þƒ° õó ªê£™½ƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub ask/tell sb to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You ask/tell him to come here
24. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó ÃŠH´ƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub call sb
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You call him
25. cƒèœ â¡¬ù ê£ŠH´õîŸ° ÜÂñF»ƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub allow sb to do sth / (you)
let sb do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You allow me to eat / let me eat
26. Üõ¡ «õ¬ô¬ò ªêŒò M´ƒèœ

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub allow sb to do sth / (you)
let sb do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: (You) allow him to do his work
/ let him do his work
27. Üõ¡ 1976-™ Hø‰î£¡.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sb was born (in place of birth)
(in year) (on date)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: He was born in 1976.
28. cƒèœ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ªè£‡´ õ£¼ƒèœ.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub bring sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You bring the book
29. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó Ã†®‚ªè£‡´ õ£¼ƒèœ.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub bring sb
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You bring him
30. cƒèœ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î â´ˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ «ð£ƒèœ.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub take sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You take the book
31. cƒèœ Üõ¬ó Ã†®‚ªè£‡´ «ð£ƒèœ.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub take sb
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You take him
32. «õ¬ôGÁˆî‹ ªî£ìÃø¶.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sth continues.
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: The strike continues
33. ðv ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê™Aø¶
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub continue to do sth / sub
continue doing sth /sub keep on doing sth.
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: The bus continue to go / The
bus continue going /The bus keep on going
34. è£Ÿø£®¬ò ªî£ì˜‰¶ æì ¬õ‚è¾‹ Ü™ô¶

æÁø G¬ôJ™ ¬õ‚è¾‹.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Keep sth doing
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Keep the fan running
35. Üõ¬ù ªî£ì˜‰¶ ïì‚è ¬õ‚è¾‹.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Keep sb doing
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Keep him walking
36. º®¬ò ªõ†´

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Cut sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Cut the hair.
37. º®¬ò ªõ†®‚ªè£œ. Üî£õ¶ ñŸøõ˜ Íôñ£è

º®¬ò ªõ†´
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Get/Have sth done

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Get/Have your hair cut.
38. ¬ê‚A¬÷ ð¿¶ð£˜ˆ¶‚A†´ õ£

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Get/Have sth done
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Get/Have the cycle repaired.
39. ï£¡ â¡Â¬ìò è£¬ô à¬ì„C‚A†«ì¡.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: {sb get/have sth done} / {sth
was done}
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I got /had my leg broken / My
leg was broken
40. ªñC¡ô â¡ ê†¬ì ñ£†®‚A„².

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: {sb get/have sth1 done sth2} /
{sth1 was done sth2}
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I got /had my shirt caught in

the machine. / My shirt was caught in the
machine.
41. cƒèœ «ðù£ ¬õˆF¼‚Al˜è÷£?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Have you got sth? / Do you have
sth?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Have you got the pen? / Do you

have the pen?
42. cƒèœ âù‚° èì¡ ªè£´ƒèœ.

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub lend sb
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You lend me
43. cƒèœ ÜõKì‹ èì¡ õ£ƒ°ƒèœ
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub borrow (thing)(from sb)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You borrow from him
44. Üõ˜èÀ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝA 20 õ¼ìƒèœ

ÝAM†ì¶.
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: They have been married for
(number of Years)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: They have been married for 20
years
45. cƒèœ Þƒ° õ¼i˜è÷£ Þ™¬ôò£

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Whether / If sent or not
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Whether / If you come here or
not
46. cƒèœ Þƒ° ê£ŠH†®¼‚è «õ‡´‹

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub are supposed to do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You are supposed to eat here
47. cƒèœ Þƒ° è‡®Šð£è ê£ŠHì «õ‡´‹

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sub must do sth / sub have to
do sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: You must eat here / You have
to eat here
48. ò£˜ Üõ¡?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who is sb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who is he? (Þƒ° verb Þ™¬ô.
Ýîô£™ be â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î verb-Ýè õ¼‹.)
49. ò£˜ «ðù£¬õ F¼®ò¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who do verb sth?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who did steal the pen?
50. ò£˜ «ðù£¬õ F¼®ò¶ â¡Á ªîKòM™¬ô

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent who verb sth
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I don’t know who steal the pen.

ªîKòM™¬ô
ªîKòM™¬ô, Ýîô£™ ºî¡¬ñ M¬ù don’t
know Ý°‹.)
51. ò£¬ó ð£˜Šð¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who / whom to verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who /whom to see?
52. ò£¬ó ð£˜‚Al˜èœ?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who / whom do you verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who /whom do you see?
53. ò£Kì‹ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î «è†ð¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who / whom to verb sth?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who /whom to ask the book?
54. ò£Kì‹ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î «è†Al˜èœ?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Who / whom do you verb sth?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Who /whom do you ask the
book?
55. ò£¬ó ð£˜Šð¶ â¡Á (âù‚°) ªîKòM™¬ô

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent who / whom to verb (sth)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I don’t know who / whom to
see.
ªîKòM™¬ô
know Ý°‹.)
56. ò£¬ó ð£˜‚Al˜èœ â¡Á (âù‚°) ªîKòM™¬ô
õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: sent who / whom you verb (sth)
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: I don’t know who / whom you
see.

ªîKòM™¬ô
know Ý°‹.)
57. âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Where to verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go?
58. ê£ŠH´õîŸ° âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Where to verb to do (sth)?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go to eat?
59. èP ê£ŠH´õîŸ° âƒ«è «ð£õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: Where to verb to do (sth)?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: Where to go to eat mutton?
60. âŠªð£¿¶ ê£ŠH´õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: When to verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: When to eat?
61. â¡ù ê£ŠH´õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: What to verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: What to eat?
62. âŠð® ê£ŠH´õ¶?

õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹: How to verb?
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: How to eat?
[ °PŠ¹: õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠH™ «õÁ Mîñ£ù

ªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ ñŸÁ‹ M¬ùè¬÷ ¬õˆ¶ ð™«õÁ
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷ à¼õ£‚°ƒèœ]
******
ð£ì‹ - 4
ñQî˜è¬÷ ðŸPò
HóF ªðò˜ªê£Ÿèœ
Chapter - 4
Pronouns of Humans
50 Chapter 4: Pronouns of Humans
1. I
Meaning 1: Þ¶ subject Ýè ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Üî£õ¶ verb‚° º¡¹

õ¼‹. Þî¡ ªð£¼œèœ: ï£¡, âù‚°, â¡Qì‹.
a. I walk - ï£¡ ïì‚A«ø¡.
b. I want money - âù‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
c. I have car - â¡Qì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ è£˜
¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡.
2. My
Meaning 1: â¡Â¬ìò, Þ¶ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° (noun) º¡¹ ñ†´‹

õ¼‹.
a. This is my car - Þ¶ â¡Â¬ìò è£˜ Ý°‹.
b. My car price is 6 lacs - â¡Â¬ìò è£K¡ M¬ô 6 ô†êƒèœ
Ý°‹.
3. Mine
Meaning 1: â¡Â¬ìò¶
a. The car is mine - è£˜ â¡Â¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
b. Mine is red car - â¡Â¬ìò¶ CèŠ¹Gø è£˜ Ý°‹.
c. Your book is big. Mine is small - àƒèÀ¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹ ªðKò¶.
â¡Â¬ìò¶ CPò¶ Ý°‹.
4. Me
Meaning 1: â¡¬ù, âù‚° (me / to me), â¡Qì‹, â¡Âì¡ (with

me)
cƒèœ â¡¬ù è£òŠð´ˆî£b˜èœ Ü™ô¶
a. You don’t hurt me -
¹‡ð´ˆî£b˜èœ.
b. You give me the book - cƒèœ âù‚° Ü™ô¶ â¡Qì‹
¹ˆîè‹ ªè£´ƒèœ.
c. You come with me - cƒèœ â¡Âì¡ õ£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: It’s me / this is me / that’s me - Þ¶ ï£¡î£¡ /

Þ¶ ï£¡î£¡ / Ü¶ ï£¡î£¡.
[º‚Aò°PŠ¹: Phrase Meaning â¡ø£™ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF™
Þ¼‚°‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îè¬÷ îQîQò£è HKˆ¶ Þ‰î õ£‚AòˆF¡
Ü˜ˆî¬î ð£˜‚è Ãì£¶.]
Phrase Meaning 2: me too - âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ô¬ñî£¡.
d. I am hungry. Me too - âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶. âù‚°‹ Ü«î
G¬ô¬ñî£¡.
5. Myself
Meaning 1: ï£ù£è«õ, ï£«ù Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ îQò£è (l myself),

â¡¬ù«ò,
a. I hurt myself - ï£¡ â¡¬ù«ò è£òŠð´ˆF ªè£œA«ø¡.
b. l myself walked long - ï£¡ îQò£è ÜFè Éó‹ ïì‰«î¡
Ü™ô¶ ï£«ù ÜFè Éó‹ ïì‰«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by myself - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
c. I do the work all by myself - ï£¡ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒA«ø¡.
6. We
Meaning 1: ï£‹ / ï£ƒèœ, âƒèÀ‚°, âƒèOì‹.

a. We go to temple - ï£ƒèœ
«è£M½‚° ªê™A«ø£‹ Ü™ô¶
ï£‹ «è£M½‚° «ð£A«ø£‹.
b. We need money - âƒèÀ‚° ðí‹ «î¬õ.
c. We have the car - âƒèOì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: we Indians / we Tamils ... - Þ‰Fò˜è÷£Aò
ï£‹ / îIö˜è÷£Aò ï£‹.
Þ‰Fò˜è÷£Aò
d. We Indians should save the national integrity -
ï£‹ «îCò åŸÁ¬ñ¬ò ð£¶è£‚è «õ‡´‹.
7. Our
Meaning 1: âƒèÀ¬ìò / ï‹º¬ìò

a. India is our country - Þ‰Fò£ ï‹º¬ìò ï£´ Ý°‹ Ü™ô¶
Þ‰Fò£ ï‹ ï£´ Ý°‹
b. Our student passed the exam - ï‹º¬ìò ñ£íõ˜ «î˜M™
ªõŸP ªðŸø£˜.
8. Ours
Meaning 1: âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ / ï‹º¬ìò¶

a. The car is ours - è£˜ âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
b. Ours is big car - âƒèÀ¬ìò¶ ªðKò è£˜ Ý°‹.
9. Us
Meaning 1: âƒè¬÷, âƒèÀ‚° (us / to us), âƒèOì‹, âƒèÀì¡,

ï‹ºì¡ (with us)
a. You don’t hurt us - cƒèœ âƒè¬÷ è£òŠð´ˆî£b˜èœ Ü™ô¶
¹‡ð´ˆî£b˜èœ.
b. You give us the food - cƒèœ âƒèÀ‚° Ü™ô¶ âƒèOì‹
àí¾ ªè£´ƒèœ.
c. You come with me - cƒèœ âƒèÀì¡ õ£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: Let us do sth / Let’s do sth - ï£‹ do â¡ø
ªêò¬ô ªêŒòô£‹, all of us - ï£‹ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ â™«ô£¼‹,
ï‹I™ â™«ô£¼‹, some of us - ï‹I™ Cô˜
d. Let’s go - ï£‹ «ð£èô£‹.
e. All of us eat - ï£ƒèœ â™«ô£¼‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø£‹.
10. Ourselves
Meaning 1: ï£ƒè÷£è«õ, ï£ƒè«÷ Ü™ô¶ ï£ƒèœ îQò£è (we
ourselves), âƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò,
a. We built the house ourselves / We ourselves built the house -
ï£ƒèœ ï£ƒè÷£è«õ i´ è†®«ù£‹ / ï£ƒè«÷ i´
è†®«ù£‹.
b. We changed the book ourselves - ï£ƒèœ âƒèÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
¹ˆîèˆ¬î ñ£ŸP‚ªè£‡«ì£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by ourselves - îQò£è (syn: alone).
c. We do the work all by ourselves - ï£ƒèœ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒA«ø£‹.
11. You
Meaning 1: cƒèœ, àƒèÀ‚°, àƒèOì‹.

a. You come here - cƒèœ Þƒ° õ£¼ƒèœ.
b. You need the car - àƒèÀ‚° è£˜ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
c. You have a car - àƒèOì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: you + noun-plural - you boys - ¬ðò¡è÷£Aò
cƒèœ.
d. You engineers are working good - ªð£Pò£÷˜è÷£Aò cƒèœ
ï¡ø£è «õ¬ô ªêŒAl˜èœ.
12. Your
Meaning 1: àƒèÀ¬ìò
a. This is your pen - Þ¶ àƒèÀ¬ìò «ðù£ Ý°‹
13. Yours
Meaning 1: àƒèÀ¬ìò¶
a. This is yours - Þ¶ àƒèÀ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: yours faithfully - àƒèœ ï‹H‚¬è‚° àè‰î,
yours truly - àƒèœ à‡¬ñ»œ÷.
14. You
Meaning 1: àƒè¬÷, àƒèÀ‚° (you / to you), àƒèOì‹, àƒèÀì¡

(with you)
a. I hate you - ï£¡ àƒè¬÷ ªõÁ‚A«ø¡.
ï£¡ àƒèÀ‚° Ü™ô¶ àƒèOì‹
b. I give you the book -
¹ˆîè‹ ªè£´‚A«ø¡.
c. I come with you - ï£¡ àƒèÀì¡ õ¼A«ø¡.
15. Yourself / Yourselves
Meaning 1: cƒè÷£è«õ, cƒè«÷ Ü™ô¶ cƒèœ îQò£è (You yourself

/ yourselves), àƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò.
a. You build the house yourselves / You yourselves build the house
- cƒèœ cƒè÷£è«õ i´ è†´ƒèœ / cƒè«÷ i´ è†´ƒèœ.
b. You change the book yourselves - cƒèœ àƒèÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
¹ˆîèˆ¬î ñ£ŸPªè£œÀƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: ( all ) by yourselves - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
c. You do the work all by yourselves - cƒèœ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
16. He
Meaning 1: Üõ¡, ÜõÂ‚°, ÜõQì‹

a. He comes here - Üõ¡ Þƒ° õ¼Aø£¡.
b. He needs money - ÜõÂ‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
c. He has car - ÜõQì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
17. His
Meaning 1: ÜõÂ¬ìò
a. This is his shirt - Þ¶ ÜõÂ¬ìò ê†¬ì Ý°‹.
18. His
Meaning 1: ÜõÂ¬ìò¶
a. The car is his - è£˜ ÜõÂ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
b. His is small one - Üõ¼¬ìò¶ CPòî£ù å¡Á Ý°‹.
19. Him
Meaning 1: Üõ¬ù, ÜõÂ‚° (him / to him), ÜõQì‹, ÜõÂì¡

(with him)
a. I hate him - ï£¡ Üõ¬ù ªõÁ‚A«ø¡.
ï£¡ ÜõÂ‚° Ü™ô¶ ÜõQì‹
b. I give him the book -
¹ˆîè‹ ªè£´‚A«ø¡.
c. I come with him - ï£¡ ÜõÂì¡ õ¼A«ø¡
20. Himself
Meaning 1: Üõù£è«õ, Üõ«ù Ü™ô¶ Üõ¡ îQò£è (He himself),

Üõ¬ù«ò,
a. He hurt himself - Üõ¡ Üõ¬ù«ò è£òŠð´ˆF ªè£œAø£¡.
b. He himself walked long - Üõ¡ îQò£è ÜFè Éó‹
ïì‚Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by himself - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
c. He do the work all by himself - Üõ¡ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒAø£¡.
21. She
Meaning 1: Üõœ, ÜõÀ‚°, ÜõOì‹

a. She comes here - Üõœ Þƒ° õ¼Aø£¡.
b. She needs money - ÜõÀ‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
c. She has car - ÜõOì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
22. Her
Meaning 1: ÜõÀ¬ìò
a. This is her shirt - Þ¶ ÜõÀ¬ìò ê†¬ì Ý°‹.
23. Hers
Meaning 1: ÜõÀ¬ìò¶
a. The car is hers - è£˜ ÜõÀ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.

b. Hers is small one - ÜõÀ¬ìò¶ CPòî£ù å¡Á Ý°‹.
24. Her
Meaning 1: Üõ¬÷, ÜõÀ‚° (her / to her), ÜõOì‹, ÜõÀì¡

( with her )
a. I hate her - ï£¡ Üõ¬÷ ªõÁ‚A«ø¡.

b. I give her the book - ï£¡ ÜõÀ‚° Ü™ô¶ ÜõOì‹ ¹ˆîè‹
ªè£´‚A«ø¡.
c. I come with her - ï£¡ ÜõÀì¡ õ¼A«ø¡
25. Herself
Meaning 1: Üõ÷£è«õ, Üõ«÷ Ü™ô¶ Üõœ îQò£è (She

herself), Üõ¬÷«ò,
a. She hurt herself - Üõœ Üõ¬÷«ò è£òŠð´ˆF ªè£œAø£œ.
b. She herself walked long - Üõœ îQò£è ÜFè Éó‹
ïì‚Aø£œ.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by herself - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
c. She do the work all by herself - Üõœ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒAø£œ.
26. It
Meaning 1: Ü¶, Ü¶‚°, ÜîQì‹ Ü™ô¶ Þ¶, Þ¶‚°, ÞîQì‹.

a. It is a car - Þ¶ Ü™ô¶ Ü¶ å¼ è£˜ Ý°‹.
b. It needs service - Þ¶‚° «ê¬õ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
c. It has problem - Þ¶‚° Ü™ô¶ ÞîQì‹ Hó„ê¬ù
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Þ¶ ñô˜. ( °PŠ¹: It is me - Þ¶ ï£¡ î£¡
d. It is Malar -
Ü™ô¶ Ü¶ ï£¡ î£¡, It is him - Þ¶ Üõ¡ î£¡ Ü™ô¶
Ü¶ Üõ¡ î£¡, It is her - Þ¶ Üõœ î£¡ Ü™ô¶ Ü¶
Üõœ î£¡ )
Meaning 2: Þ¶ î†ðG¬ô, «ïó‹, Éó‹ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãø Þ¶

ðò¡ðÁø¶. Þƒ° It ‚° â‰î ªð£¼À‹ Þ™¬ô.
e. It is 7o’clock - ñE 7 Ý°‹.
f. It is 200 meter length - c÷‹ 200 e†ì˜ Ý°‹.
g. It rains - ñ¬ö ªðŒAø¶.
ï£¡ Üõ¬ù ð£˜ˆ¶ 2
h. It is two years since I saw him -
õ¼ìƒèœ ÝAø¶ Ü™ô¶ ÝAM†ì¶.
cƒèœ °ö‰¬îèÀ‚° è¬î
Phrase Meaning 1: That’s it –
ªê£™Al˜èœ. è¬î º®‰î î¼íˆF™ “è¬î Üšõ÷¾ î£¡ /
è¬î º®‰¶ M†ì¶” â¡d˜èœ. ÞîŸ° ÝƒAôˆF™ that’s it
â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹. Þ¶ å¼ ªð£¼œ Ü™ô¶ ªêò™ º®‰¶
M†ì¶ â¡Á ªð£¼œð´‹.
27. Its
Meaning 1: ÜîÂ¬ìò, ÞîÂ¬ìò

a. This is its tree - Þ¶ ÜîÂ¬ìò ñó‹ Ý°‹.
b. The car is famous for its performance - è£˜ ÜîÂ¬ìò
ªêò™FøÂ‚° ¹è›ªðŸø¶.
28. Its
Meaning 1: ÜîÂ¬ìò¶, ÞîÂ¬ìò¶

a. The tree is its - ñó‹ ÜîÂ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
29. It
Meaning 1: Ü¬î / Þ¬î, Ü¶‚° / Þ¶‚° (it / to it), ÜîÂì¡ /

ÞîÂì¡ ( with it )
a. You take it - cƒèœ Ü¬î â´ƒèœ.
b. You give it to him - cƒèœ Ü¬î ÜõKì‹ ªè£´ƒèœ.
c. Put injection to it - Ü¶‚° / Þ¶‚° áC «ð£´ƒèœ.
d. You go with it - cƒèœ ÜîÂì¡ ªê™½ƒèœ.
30. Itself
Meaning 1: Ü¶õ£è«õ / Þ¶õ£è«õ, Ü¶«õ Ü™ô¶ Ü¶ îQò£è

/ Þ¶«õ Ü™ô¶ Þ¶ îQò£è (It itself), Ü¬î«ò / Þ¬î«ò
a. The machine itself is on - Þò‰Fó‹ Ü¶«õ / Ü¶õ£è«õ Ý¡
ÝAø¶ Ü™ô¶ Þòƒ°Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by itself - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
b. It does the work all by Itself - Ü¶ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒAø¶.
31. They
Meaning 1: Üõ˜èœ (Þõ˜èœ, Ü¬õèœ, Þ¬õèœ), Üõ˜èÀ‚°

(Þõ˜èÀ‚°, Ü¬õèÀ‚°, Þ¬õèÀ‚°), Üõ˜èOì‹ (Þõ˜èOì‹,
Ü¬õèOì‹, Þ¬õèOì‹)
a. They are here - Üõ˜èœ Þƒ° Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
ñ£ƒè£Œèœ ÜFè
b. Mangoes are costly. They are sweet -
M¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Ü¬õèœ ÞQŠð£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. They have money - Üõ˜èOì‹ ðí‹ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
32. Their
Meaning 1: Üõ˜èÀ¬ìò ( Þõ˜èÀ¬ìò, Ü¬õèÀ¬ìò,
Þ¬õèÀ¬ìò)
a. This is their house - Þ¶ Üõ˜èÀ¬ìò i´ Ý°‹.
33. Theirs
Meaning 1: Üõ˜èÀ¬ìò¶ (Þõ˜èÀ¬ìò¶, Ü¬õèÀ¬ìò¶,
Þ¬õèÀ¬ìò¶)
a. The car is theirs - è£˜ Üõ˜èÀ¬ìò¶ Ý°‹.
34. Them
Meaning 1: Üõ˜è¬÷ ( Þõ˜è¬÷, Ü¬õè¬÷, Þ¬õè¬÷ ),

Üõ˜èÀ‚° ( Þõ˜èÀ‚°, Ü¬õèÀ‚°, Þ¬õèÀ‚°) ( them
/ to them ), Üõ˜èOì‹ ( Þõ˜èOì‹, Ü¬õèOì‹, Þ¬õèOì‹ ),,
Üõ˜èÀì¡ ( Þõ˜èÀì¡, Ü¬õèÀì¡, Þ¬õèÀì¡ ) ( with
them )
a. I hit them - ï£¡ Üõ˜è¬÷ Ü®‚A«ø¡.
b. You give them food - cƒèœ Üõ˜èÀ‚° Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜èOì‹
àí¾ ªè£´ƒèœ.
c. You go with them - cƒèœ Üõ˜èÀì¡ «ð£è¾‹.
35. Themselves
Meaning 1: Üõ˜è÷£è«õ, ( Þõ˜è÷£è«õ, Ü¬õè÷£è«õ,

Þ¬õè÷£è«õ ), Üõ˜è«÷ Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜èœ îQò£è (
Þõ˜è«÷ Ü™ô¶ Þõ˜èœ îQò£è, Ü¬õè«÷ Ü™ô¶ Ü¬õèœ
îQò£è, Þ¬õè«÷ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬õèœ îQò£è ) (They themselves),
Üõ˜èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ ( Þõ˜èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ,, Ü¬õ
Þõ˜èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
Þõ˜èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ, èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ,,
Ü¬õèÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
Ü¬õèÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ,
Þ¬õ èÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ ).
Þ¬õèÀ‚°œ÷£è«õ
a. They build the house themselves / They temselves build the house
- Üõ˜èœ Üõ˜è÷£è«õ i´ è†Áø£˜èœ / Üõ˜è«÷
i´ è†Áø£˜èœ.
Üõ˜èœ Üõ˜èÀ‚
b. They change the book themselves -
°œ÷£è«õ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ñ£ŸP‚ªè£œÀAø£˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: (all) by themselves - îQò£è ( syn: alone ).
c. You do the work all by themselves - Üõ˜èœ «õ¬ô¬ò îQò£è
ªêŒAø£˜èœ.
36. This
Meaning 1: Þ¶, Þ‰î
a. This is a car - Þ¶ å¼ è£˜ Ý°‹.
b. This car is good (pat: this noun) - Þ‰î è£˜ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
37. That
Meaning 1: Ü¶, Ü‰î
a. That is a car - Ü¶ å¼ è£˜ Ý°‹.
b. That car is good ( pat: that noun ) - Ü‰î è£˜ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
38. These
Meaning 1: Þ¬õèœ, Þ‰î
a. These are good - Þ¬õèœ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. You don’t take these - cƒèœ Þ¬õè¬÷ â´‚è£b˜èœ.
c. These cars is good ( pat: these nouns ) - Þ‰î è£˜èœ ï¡ø£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þî¡ å¼¬ñ this car â¡ð¶ Ý°‹.
39. Those
Meaning 1: Ü¬õèœ, Ü‰î
a. Those are good - Ü¬õèœ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. You don’t take those - cƒèœ Ü¬õè¬÷ â´‚è£b˜èœ.
c. Those cars is good (pat: those nouns) - Ü‰î è£˜èœ ï¡ø£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þî¡ å¼¬ñ that car â¡ð¶ Ý°‹.
40. is
Meaning 1: Ý°‹, Ýõ£¡, Ýõ£˜, Þ¼‚Aø¶.

a. It is bus - Þ¶ ðv Ý°‹.
b. He is a thief - Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡ Ýõ£¡.
c. He is a good man - Üõ˜ ï™ô ñQî˜ Ýõ£˜.
d. The ball is on the table - ð‰¶ «ñ¬êJ¡ «ñ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
º‚Aò õ£˜ˆ¬îèO¡ Ü˜ˆîƒèœ
by me - â¡ù£™, â¡ Íôñ£è
Íôñ£è,
from me - â¡QìI¼‰¶,
in me - â¡QìˆF™,
to me - âù‚°,
for me - âù‚è£è,
with me - â¡Âì¡
â¡Âì¡,
through me - â¡ Íôñ£è.
Þ«î ñ£FK us, you, him, her, it, them «ð£¡Á ñŸø
(Þ«î
õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹.
ªè£œ÷ô£‹.)
******
ð£ì‹ - 5
º‚Aòñ£ù ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î

õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ
Chapter - 5
Important
Cognitive Words
64 Chapter 5: Important Cognitive Words
1. About
Meaning 1: ðŸP, å¼ ªêò¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷ ðŸP °PŠH´õ¶

Ý°‹.
¹ˆîè‹ ÜóCò¬ôŠ ðŸP
a. The book is about politics -
Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ MõK‚Aø¶.
b. He lies about his age - Üõ¡ ÜõÂ¬ìò õò¬îŠ ðŸP
ªð£Œ ªê£™Aø£¡.
Meaning 2: ãøˆî£ö. ( syn: approximately / roughly )

c. I live about 10 miles away - ï£¡ ãøˆî£ö 10 ¬ñ™èÀ‚°
ÜŠð£™ õC‚A«ø¡.
ï£¡ ãøˆî£ö ñ£¬ô 10.30
d. I leave the home about 10 PM -
ñE‚° i†¬ì M†´ A÷‹¹A«ø¡.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò îò£ó£è Þ¼.
ï£¡ A÷‹¹õîŸ°
e. I am about to leave ( syn: about to + verb ) -
Ü™ô¶ ¹øŠð´õîŸ° îò£ó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: how / what about sth / sb - cƒèœ
ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœ
ñ¬ùM Þ¼õ¼‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ i†®Ÿ° õ¼õî£è ÜõKì‹
ªê£™Al˜èœ. àƒèœ ñ¬ùM‚° àì™ ïô‹ êKJ™¬ô.
Ýîô£™, cƒèœ ñ†´‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ i†®Ÿ° ªê™Al˜èœ.
ÜŠ«ð£¶, àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ «è†Aø£˜, “ã¡ àƒèœ ñ¬ùM
õóM™¬ô, Üõ¼‚° â¡ù ÝJŸÁ?”. ÞîŸ° ÝƒAôˆF™ how
about your wife / what about your wife â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹.
cƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ Þ¼õ¼‹
Phrase Meaning 1a:
«ðC‚ªè£‡®¼‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèÀ‚° ðC‚Aø¶.
ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ ï‡ðKì‹ cƒèœ, “àƒèÀ‚°‹ ðC‚Aøî£?”
â¡Á «è†ðîŸ° how about you / what about you Ý°‹.
f. I am feeling hungry, what about you - âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶.
àƒèÀ‚°?
g. I buy the house, what about you? - ï£¡ i´ õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.
cƒèÀñ£?
cƒèœ ñŸÁ‹ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ Þ¼õ¼‹

Phrase Meaning 1b:
«ðC‚ªè£‡®¼‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ Þ¼õ¼‚°‹
êLŠ¹ ãŸðÁø¶. ÜŠ«ð£¶ àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ àƒèOì‹ ï£‹
«õÁ ãî£õ¶ ªêŒòô£‹ â¡Aø£˜. ÜîŸ° cƒèœ, ï£‹
CQñ£õ‚° «ð£èô£«ñ â¡Á ªê£™Al˜èœ. ÞîŸ°
ÝƒAôˆF™ how about movie / what about movie â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹.
Phrase Meaning 2: that’s about it / that’s about all / that’s it - cƒèœ
°ö‰¬îèÀ‚° è¬î ªê£™Al˜èœ. è¬î º®‰î î¼íˆF™
“è¬î Üšõ÷¾ î£¡ / è¬î º®‰¶ M†ì¶” â¡d˜èœ. ÞîŸ°
ÝƒAôˆF™ that’s it â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹.
2. Above
Meaning 1: «ñ«ô , å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° àò«ó

Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ å¡¬øªò£¡Á
ªî£ì‚Ãì£¶. å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô å¼ ñFŠ¹‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼Šð¶.
a. The fan is above the table - I¡MCP «ñ¬ü‚° «ñ«ô
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. The price is above Rs 5 - M¬ô 5 Ïð£Œ‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. You write the name above the address - cƒèœ ªðò¬ó
ºèõK‚° «ñ«ô â¿¶ƒèœ.
Meaning 2: «ñŸªê£¡ùð® Ü™ô¶ «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì. Þ¶ è¬î
¹ˆîèƒèO™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹.
ï£¡
d. As I mentioned above, there is a big room in the house -
«ñ«ô °PŠH†ì ñ£FK, i†®™ ªðKò Ü¬ø Þ¼‚Aø¶.
ÜFèñ£ù
e. Write to the above address for further information -
îèõ½‚° «ñ«ô °PŠH†ì ºèõK‚° â¿î¾‹.
Meaning 3: Þ¶ ðîMJ¡ õK¬ê¬ò °P‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ Ü‰î ðîM
Þ‰î ðîM‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. ï£¡ «ñ«ùü˜ ðîM‚° «ñ«ô
I am above the manager -
Þ¼‚A«ø¡. Üî£õ¶, â¡Â¬ìò ðîM «ñ«ùü˜ ðîM‚°
«ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è, Iè
Phrase Meaning 1: above all -
º‚Aòñ£è. ïñ‚° ï£¡° ªð£¼œèœ H®ˆF¼‚Aø¶. ÜF™
Iè º‚Aòñ£ù¬î Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( syn: most of all /
most importantly / particularly / primarily )
âù‚° ÝŠHœ,
g. I like apple, orange and above all ice cream -
Ýó…² H®‚°‹, â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è ävAK‹
H®‚°‹.
â™ô£õŸPŸ°‹ «ñô£è,
h. Above all, I eat more vegetables -
ï£¡ ÜFè è£ŒèPè¬÷ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
3. According to
Meaning 1: å¼õ¬ó ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.

a. According to police, he is a thief ( pat: according to sb ) -
«ð£L¬ú ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó, Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡.
Meaning 2: å¡¬ø ªð£Áˆ¶. ( pat: according to sth )
b. The students are grouped according to age - ñ£íõ˜èœ õò¬î
ªð£Áˆ¶ °¿‚è÷£è HK‚èŠðÁø£˜èœ.
c. ï£¡ MFº¬øè¬÷Š
I play the cricket according to rules -
ªð£Áˆ¶ Ü™ô¶ H¡ðŸP AK‚ªè† M¬÷ò£Á«ø¡.
å¼ ªêò™ ï£‹
Phrase Meaning 1: according to plan -
G¬ùˆîŠð® Ü™ô¶ ï‹ F†ìŠð® ïì‚Aø¶.
d. All went according to plan - â™ô£‹ ï£‹ G¬ùˆîŠð®
ïì‚Aø¶.
4. Across
Meaning 1: °Á‚«è, å¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ°. â‰îŠ

ªð£¼œèÀ‚° ð‚è‹ Þ¼‚Aø«î£ Ü¬õèÀ‚° across õ¼‹.
â´ˆ¶‚è£†´‚° «ó£´, ï£´, ªî¼, ÝÁ «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ Ãøô£‹.
a. I walk across the road - ï£¡ «ó£†®¡ °Á‚«è ïì‚A«ø¡.
b. I see across the valley - ï£¡ ðœ÷î£‚A¡ °Á‚«è
ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
c. There is a crack across the road - «ó£†®¡ °Á‚«è MKê™

Þ¼‚Aø¶.
( °PŠ¹: over â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹ °Á‚«è â¡Áî£¡ ªð£¼œ.
over ñŸÁ‹ across Þó‡´‚°‹ â¡ù MˆFò£ê‹ â¡ø£™
over ‚° å¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ° ªî£ì£ñ™
ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹. I jump over the road â¡ø£™, ï£¡ «ó£†®Ÿ°
°Á‚«è î£‡Á«ø¡ â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹. Üî£õ¶ «ó£†®¡ å¼
ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆî ð‚èˆFŸ° ªî£ì£ñ™ ªê™A«ø¡. )
Meaning 2: âF˜ð‚èˆF™ ( syn: on the other side / opposite ) ,
â™ô£ð°FèO½‹ ( syn: throughout / all over / everywhere in )
d. My friend lives across the road - â¡Â¬ìò ï‡ð¡ «ó£†®¡
âF˜ ð‚èˆF™ õC‚Aø£¡.
e. We conduct the election across the country - ï£ƒèœ ï£†®¡
â™ô£ ð°FèO½‹ õ£‚ªè´Š¹ ïìˆ¶A«ø£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: across the board - â™«ô£¼‚°‹,
å¼ ªêò™
i†®™ Ü™ô¶ ï£†®™ Þ¼‚°‹ Ü¬ùõ¬ó»‹ ð£FŠð¬î
Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
f. Across the board, there is 10% pay increase - â™«ô£¼‚°‹
10 êîMî ê‹ð÷ àò˜¾ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
5. After
Meaning 1: Hø°, H¡¹, Ü´ˆîî£è.
a. After the dinner, I go to bed - Þó¾ ê£Šð£†´‚° Hø° ï£¡
Éƒè ªê™A«ø¡.
b. After leaving the school, he works in the restaurant ( pat: after
doing sth, sent1 ) - ðœO M†ìŠ H¡¹, Üõ¡ àí¾
M´FJ™ «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£¡.
c. After 10 minutes, I go to college - 10 GIìˆFŸ° Hø° ï£¡
è™ÖK ªê™A«ø¡.
cƒèœ ºèõK¬ò
d. You write the address after the name -
ªðò¼‚° Hø° Ü™ô¶ ªðò¼‚° Ü´ˆîî£è â¿î¾‹.
e. I go to Salem. After (that) I go to Trichy ( pat: sent1, After (that)
sent2 ) - ï£¡ «êô‹ ªê™A«ø¡. Hø° ï£¡ F¼„C
ªê™A«ø¡.
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó «î´õîŸ°‹, ñŸÁ‹ å¼õ˜

ñŸªø£¼õ¬ó H¡ªî£ì˜õ¬î»‹ Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
f. The police is after me ( syn: look for / search for ) - «ð£Lv

â¡¬ù H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶ «î® õ¼Aø¶.
g. He goes after her / He follows her - Üõ¡ Üõ¬÷
H¡ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê™Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: one after another / one after the other / one by
one - å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è, Ü´ˆî´ˆ¶.
h. I drink five glasses of water one after another - ï£¡ ä‰¶ ì‹÷˜
c¬ó Ü´ˆî´ˆ¶ °®‚A«ø¡.
å¼ ªêò¬ô ºîL™ cƒèœ
Phrase Meaning 2: after you -
ªêŒ»ƒèœ. Hø° ï£¡ ªêŒA«ø¡. Üî£õ¶, cƒèœ ¬ðŠH™
î‡a˜ H®‚è ªê™Al˜èœ. Ü«î êñòˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼õ¼‹
î‡a˜ H®‚è õ¼Aø£˜. Þ¼õ¼‹ å«ó êñòˆF™ °ìˆ¬î
¬õ‚Al˜èœ. ÜŠ«ð£¶ cƒèœ, “ºîL™ cƒèœ î‡a˜
H®»ƒèœ. Hø° ï£¡ H®‚A«ø¡” â¡ð¬î after you âù‚
Ãøô£‹.
6. Again
Meaning 1: e‡´‹, ñÁð®»‹.

a. I eat again / once again - ï£¡ ñÁð®»‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
b. You do it again - cƒèœ Ü¬î e‡´‹ ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: all over again - e‡´‹ å¼ ªêò¬ô ¹Fî£è
ªî£ì˜õ¶, start again - å¼ ªêò¬ô M†ì ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶
e‡´‹ ªî£ì˜õ¶.
c. I write the essay all over again (syn: redo / repeat ) - ï£¡
è†´¬ó¬ò e‡´‹ ¹Fî£è â¿¶A«ø¡.
d. I start again the essay writing ( syn: resume / take up again ) -
ï£¡ è†´¬ó â¿¶õ¬î e‡´‹ M†ì ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‰¶
ªî£ìÃ«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: the same again - e‡´‹ Ü«î ªð£¼œ
Ü™ô¶ ªêò™, again and again / over and over again / often -
e‡´‹ e‡´‹, Ü®‚è®.
ÝŠHœ ï™ô
e. The apple is very tasty. I want the same again -
²¬õò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ï£¡ e‡´‹ Ü«î ÝŠH¬÷
M¼‹¹A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ ê£ŠHì M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
f. ï£¡ e‡´‹ e‡´‹ Ü™ô¶
I eat apple again and again -
Ü®‚è® ÝŠH¬÷ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
7. Against
Meaning 1: âFó£è, âFó£ù.
a. He votes against him - Üõ¡ ÜõÂ‚° âFó£è
õ£‚èO‚Aø£¡.
b. He fights against her - Üõ¡ ÜõÀ‚° âFó£è ê‡¬ì
«ð£Áø£¡.
c. This is against the law - Þ¶ ê†ìˆFŸ° âFó£è Ü™ô¶
¹ø‹ð£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
d. He marries her against her wish - Üõ¡
Üõ¬÷ ÜõÀ¬ìò
M¼ŠðˆFŸ° âFó£è F¼ñí‹ ªêŒAø£¡.
e. India plays against England in cricket - Þ‰Fò£ AK‚ªè†®™
ÞƒAô£‰¶‚° âFó£è M¬÷ò£Áø¶.
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ e¶ ê£Œ‰¶‚ªè£‡´ Þ¼Šð¶,
å¡Á âF˜F¬êJ™ ªê™Aø¶, ªêò¬ôè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼¬÷è¬÷
«õÁð´ˆF è£‡Hˆî™ Ý°‹.
f. He leans against the wall / He is against the wall - Üõ¡ ²õK¡
e¶ Ü™ô¶ ²õK™ ê£Œ‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
g. The ladder is against the wall - ãE ²õK™ ê£Œ‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
h. I go against the wind ( syn: opposite direction of sth ) - ï£¡
è£ŸP¡ âF˜ F¬êJ™ ªê™A«ø¡.
i. The apple is tasty as against the orange ( pat: as against sth) /
The apple is tastier than the orange - ÝŠHœ Ýó…¬ê Mì
²¬õò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( syn: in comparison with / compared to /
in contrast to )
Phrase Meaning 1: go against - Þ¼ Mêòƒèœ å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á
ºó‡ð£ì£è Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹.
j. «ðŠð˜
The newspaper news goes against the TV news -
ªêŒF»‹ ®M ªêŒF»‹ å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á ºó‡ð£ì£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: have something against - å¼õ˜
ã«î£ ñùF™
¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ àƒè¬÷ ªõÁŠð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™ Üõ˜
ã¡ ÜŠð® ªêŒAø£˜ â¡Á àƒèÀ‚° â¶¾‹ ¹Kò£¶.
k. Üõ˜ ã«î£ ñùF™
He has something against me -
¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡´ â¡¬ù ªõÁ‚Aø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 3: sb1 turn sb2 against sb3 - sb1-Ýùõ˜ sb2-¬ò
sb3-‚° âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õ‚Aø£˜. Þ¶ ãî£õ¶ ªð£Œè¬÷
ªê£™L âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õŠð¶ Ý°‹.
l. He turns my sister against me - Üõ˜ â¡Â¬ìò îƒ¬è¬ò
âù‚° âFó£è ªêò™ðì¬õ‚Aø£˜.
8. All
Meaning 1: â™ô£, â™ô£‹. ( syn: every / everyone )
a. I eat all the bread / I eat all of the bread - ï£¡ â™ô£
ªó£†®¬ò»‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
b. The boys watch the movies all day - ¬ðò¡èœ ï£œ º¿õ¶‹
ðì‹ ð£˜‚Aø£˜èœ.
c. All girls stand on the ground - â™ô£ ªð‡èÀ‹ î¬óJ¡ «ñ™
GŸAø£˜èœ.
Meaning 2: ñ†´‹ ( syn: only )
d. All I want is pencil and eraser ( pat: All I want / need / like verb sth
) / I want only pencil and eraser - âù‚° ªð¡C™ ñŸÁ‹
ÜNŠð£¡ ñ†´‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶.
Ü¶ Üšõ÷¾î£ù£?. Üî£õ¶,
Phrase Meaning 1: is that all? -
cƒèœ G¬ù‚°‹ ªð£¼œ cƒèœ âF˜ð£˜ˆî¬î Mì âOî£è
A¬ì‚°‹«ð£¶ Þ¶ õ¼‹.
e. The pen is only Rs 20. Is that all? - «ðù£ ªõÁ‹ 20 Ïð£Œ
Ý°‹. æ, Ü¶ Üšõ÷¾î£ù£?
Phrase Meaning 2: All along sth - sth-¡ â™ô£ «ïóº‹. ( syn: all
the time / during )
f. I work all along the day - ï£¡ ï£œ º¿õ¶‹ Ü™ô¶ ï£O¡
â™ô£ «ïóº‹ «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.
9. Along
Meaning 1: õNò£è, Üîõ£¶ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¡ªù£¼

ªð£¼œ Ü‰îŠ ð‚èˆ¬î ªî£†´‚ªè£‡´ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹.
ï£¡ «ó£´ õNò£è ïì‚A«ø¡. (
a. I walk along the road -
°PŠ¹: å¼ ªð£¼œ Üî£õ¶ ð‰¶ ü¡ù™ õNò£è
ªê™Aø¶ â¡Á‚Ãø the ball goes through the window Ý°‹ )
ñ‚èœ Ã†ì‹ «ó£´ õNò£è
b. The crowd is along the road -
Þ¼‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶ ñ‚èœ «ó£´ õNò£è Þ¼Šð¶ õK¬ê
«ð£¡Á è£íŠð´‹.
c. Þó£μõ ió˜èœ â™¬ôJ¡
The army is along the border -
õNò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ Ü™ô¶ â™¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: come / go / get along - å¼õK¡ àì™G¬ô
«îPõ¼Aø¶, get along with sb - å¼õ˜ ñŸøõKì‹ ï¡ø£è
ðö°Aø£˜.
âù‚° è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼‰î¶.
d. I had fever. Now, I get along well -
ÞŠªð£¿¶ â¡Â¬ìò àì™G¬ô ï¡ø£è «îPõ¼Aø¶.
e. He gets along with me very well - Üõ˜ â¡Qì‹ Iè ï¡ø£è
ðö°Aø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 2: along with sth - å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ ñŸø
ªð£¼Àì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õ‚è¾‹. Þƒ° sth -Ýù¶ ñŸø
ªð£¼¬÷‚ °P‚°‹.
f. cƒèœ
You put the pencil on the table along with other pencil -
ªð¡C¬ô «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ™ ¬õ‚è¾‹, ªð¡C¬ô ¬õ‚°‹
«ð£¶ Þ¬î ñŸø ªð¡C™èÀì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õ‚è¾‹.
å¼ ªêò¬ô å¼õ˜
Phrase Meaning 3: along the same lines -
ªêŒî ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ ªê£¡ù ñ£FK ªêŒõî£°‹. ( syn: similarly
/ likewise )
g. He handled the situation very well. We should act along the same
lines - Üõ˜ Å›G¬ô¬ò ï¡ø£è êñ£Oˆî£˜. ï£º‹ Ü«î
ñ£FK ªêŒò «õ‡´‹.
10. Among
Meaning 1: ñˆFJ™ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬ìJ™. Þ¶ Í¡Á Ü™ô¶ ÜîŸ°
«ñŸð†ì ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚
°P‚°‹. ( °PŠ¹: between â¡ð¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™
ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚°‹ )
a. I walk among the trees - ï£¡ ñóƒèO¡ ñˆFJ™ ïì‚A«ø¡.
b. The house is among the hills - i´ ñ¬ôèO¡ ñˆFJ™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 2: å¼ °¿M™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™, ãî£õ¶ å¡P™
ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ Þõ¼‹ å¼õ˜.
c. The problem gives more worries among the people - Hó„ê¬ù
ñ‚èœ ñˆFJ™ ÜFè èõ¬ôè¬÷ î¼Aø¶.
d. I am one among them - ï£¡
Üõ˜èO™ å¼õ˜ Ü™ô¶ ï£Â‹
Üõ˜èO™ å¼õó£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
e. The villagers are among the casualities ( syn: include ) -
Aó£ñõ£CèÀ‹ Þø‰îõ˜èO™ Üìƒ°õ˜.
Phrase Meaning 1: among the other things - º‚Aòñ£è, °PŠð£è.
( syn: specifically / importantly / particularly )
f. I discuss about lots of problems in meeting. Among the other things,
I discuss about poverty - ï£¡ Ã†ìˆF™ G¬øò
Hó„ê¬ùè¬÷Š ðŸP Mõ£F‚A«ø¡. ÜF™ º‚Aòñ£è,
ï£¡ ã›¬ñ¬òŠ ðŸP Mõ£F‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: among yourselves / ourselves / themselves -
àƒèÀ‚°œ / âƒèÀ‚°œ / Üõ˜èÀ‚°œ
g. They fight among themselves ( syn: with each other ) - Üõ˜èœ
Üõ˜èÀ‚°œ ê‡¬ìŠ «ð£Áø£˜èœ.
11. Ago
Meaning 1: º¡¹ , Þ¶ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°

Ü´ˆîî£è ñ†´‹ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ before, earlier, previously, back
«ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀ‚°‹ º¡¹ â¡Á î£¡ ªð£¼œ. ago õ£˜ˆ¬î
îQò£è¾‹ õ¼‹ ñŸÁ‹ è£ôƒèœ ê‹ð‰îŠð†ì õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀìÂ‹
õ¼‹.
a. I ate food 2 hours ago ( syn: 2 hours before / earlier / back /
previously ) - ï£¡ Þó‡´ ñE «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ àí¾
ê£ŠH†«ì¡.
b. I went to Italy a long ago - ï£¡ ªó£‹ð è£ôˆFŸ° º¡¹
Þˆî£L «ð£«ù¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: a minute ago / a second ago / a moment ago / a
short time ago / not long ago / just now - êŸÁ «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ (
ÞŠðî£¡ )
c. I drank the water a minute ago - ï£¡ êŸÁ «ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹
Ü™ô¶ ÞŠðî£¡ î‡a˜ °®ˆ«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: a long ago/ a long time ago - ªó£‹ð «ïóˆFŸ°
( è£ôˆFŸ° ) º¡¹.
d. There was a king a long time ago - ªó£‹ð è£ôˆFŸ° º¡¹
å¼ Üóê˜ Þ¼‰î£˜.
Phrase Meaning 3: how long ago? - âšõ÷¾
è£ôˆFŸ° Ü™ô¶
«ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‰î¶ âù °P‚Aø¶.
e. How long ago did you buy the computer? - âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆFŸ°
( ï£¬÷‚° ) º¡¹ cƒèœ è‹HÎ†ì˜ õ£ƒAm˜èœ?
Ýù£™, when did you buy the computer? â¡ø£™ âŠªð£¿¶
è‹HÎ†ì˜ õ£ƒAm˜èœ? â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹.
12. Ahead
Meaning 1: º¡ù£®, º¡ù£™
º¡ù£™, ( syn: in front of, before ) Þ¶ å¼
ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶.
a. The car is ahead of me ( pat: ahead of sth/sb ) - è£˜ âù‚°
º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶ ( °PŠ¹: The car is ahead â¡ø£™
è£˜ ã«î£ å¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶ )
Meaning 2: õK¬êJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° º¡ù£®
Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚Aø¶
°P‚Aø¶.
b. Three people are ahead of me ( pat: ahead of sth / sb ) - Í¡Á
«ð˜ âù‚° º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
c. B is ahead of A ( i.e. A, B, C, D ———> ) - H Ýù¶ ã ‚°
º¡ù£® Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 3: âF˜è£ôˆF™, ïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õ
å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶.
d. There are big problems ahead/ ahead of us - âF˜è£ôˆF™
ïñ‚° G¬øò Hó„ê¬ùèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. I think about the exam 4 months ahead ( syn: I think about the
exam 4 months before ) - ï£¡ ï£¡° ñ£îƒèÀ‚° º¡ð£è«õ
«î˜¬õŠ ðŸP «ò£C‚A«ø¡.
f. I cooked the rice two hours ahead - ï£¡ «ê£Á Þó‡´ ñE
«ïóˆFŸ° º¡ð£è«õ ê¬ñˆ«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: ahead of schedule / ahead of time / early -
ïì‚è«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ùî£è«õ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶.
g. I completed the work ahead of time - ï£¡ «õ¬ô¬ò
º¡ùî£è«õ º®ˆ«î¡. Üî£õ¶ õö‚èñ£ù «ïóˆFŸ°
º¡«ð «õ¬ô º®‰¶ M†ì¶.
å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò
Phrase Meaning 2: go ahead -
àƒèOì‹ ÜÂñF «è†Aø£˜. Ü‰î ªêò¬ô î£ó£÷ñ£è
ªêŒ»ƒèœ â¡Á cƒèœ ªê£™½õîŸ° go ahead â¡Á ªð£¼œ.
h. Can I do this work? yes, go ahead - ï£¡ Þ‰î «õ¬ô¬ò
ªêŒòô£ñ£? Ý‹, î£ó£÷ñ£è ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
13. Almost
Meaning 1: ãø‚°¬øò ( ãøˆî£ö ), å¼ ªêò™ º®»‹ î¼õ£J™

Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( Ýù£™ º¿¬ñò£è º®òM™¬ô ).
ï£¡ ãø‚°¬øò «õ¬ô¬ò
a. I almost completed the work -
º®ˆ¶M†«ì¡ (Ýù£™ º¿¬ñò£è º®‚èM™¬ô ).
b. I almost fell from the chair - ï£¡ «êóL¼‰¶ M¿‹ î¼õ£Œ‚°
«ð£ŒM†«ì¡.
c. He is almost six / His age is almost 6 - Üõ¡ õò¶ ãø‚°¬øò
Ü™ô¶ ãøˆî£ö ÝÁ Ý°‹. ( syn: about / approximately /
around )
14. Alongside
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èõ£†®™

Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶..
Þó‡´ ðì°èœ
a. The two boats are alongside in the river -
å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á ð‚èõ£†®™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( syn: next to / side
by side / beside / on the side of sth / at the side of sth )
b. He is alongside the river - Üõ˜ ÝŸP¡ ð‚èõ£†®™
Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
15. Alone
Meaning 1: å¼õ˜ îQò£è å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõ¬î»‹, îQò£è

õ£›õ¬î»‹, å¼õ˜ îQ¬ñJ™ èwìŠð´õ¬î»‹ °P‚è (
ãªù¡ø£™ Üõ¼‚° ï‡ð˜èœ Ü™ô¶ àøMù˜èœ A¬ìò£¶ )
Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. He is alone - Üõ˜ îQò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
b. He brought up the child alone - Üõ˜ îQò£è °ö‰¬î¬ò
õ÷˜ˆî£˜. ( syn: on your own/ by yourself )
c. I feel so alone ( syn: I feel so lonely ) - ï£¡
îQ¬ñJ™ Iè¾‹
èwìŠðÁ«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ «ê£èñ£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: sb alone do sth - sb ( ò£«ó£ å¼õ˜ / ã«î£

å¡Á ) ñ†´‹ do â¡ø ªêò¬ô îQò£è ªêŒAø£˜
d. Ramesh alone work in the land - ó«ñw ñ†´‹ «î£†ìˆF™
îQò£è «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 2: leave sb alone / let sb alone - sb ¬ò îQò£è

Þ¼‚èM´ƒèœ
â¡¬ù ªî£‰îó¾
e. Don’t disturb me. Leave me alone -
ªêŒò£b˜èœ. â¡¬ù îQò£è Þ¼‚èM´ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 3: leave sth alone / let sth alone - sth â¡ø
ªð£¼¬÷ îQò£è Þ¼‚èM´ƒèœ Ü™ô¶ sth â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷
ªî£ì£ñ™ Þ¼ƒèœ â¡Á ñŸøõ¬ó ð£˜ˆ¶ ªê£™õîŸ° Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
f. Leave the cakes alone - «è‚¬è ªî£ì£ñ™ Þ¼ƒèœ ( Ü¬î
b‡ì£b˜èœ).
16. Already
Meaning 1: ãŸèù«õ, å¼õ˜ ãŸèù«õ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒ¶ M†ì£˜.

a. I already eat the apple - ï£¡ ãŸèù«õ ÝŠH¬÷
ê£ŠH†´M†«ì¡. (°PŠ¹: ÞŠðî£¡ ï£¡ ÝŠH¬÷
ê£ŠH†«ì¡ â¡Á‚ Ãø Just now I eat the apple )
17. Also
Meaning 1: Þƒ°‹ Ãì, «ñ½‹ ( ÜîÂì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ Þ¶¾‹, Ü¶
î M ó Þ ¶ ¾ ‹ ), Þ ¶ å « ó õ £ ‚ A ò ˆ F ½ ‹ ñ Ÿ Á ‹ Þ ó ‡ ´
õ£‚AòƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ½‹ õ¼‹.
a. The fruit is also avaliable in Salem - ðö‹ «êôˆF½‹ Ãì
A¬ì‚°‹.
b. I eat fruit. Also, I eat ice cream ( pat: sent 1; also, sent 2 ) - ï£¡
ðö‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡. «ñ½‹, ï£¡ ävAK‹ ê£ŠH´«ø¡.
( syn: and / besides / too / as well as / in addition ) ( °PŠ¹: too
â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î õ£‚AòˆF¡ è¬ìCJ™ î£¡ õ¼‹).
18. Although
Meaning 1: Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹ / Ýù£™, Üî£õ¶ cƒèœ ºîL™ ªê£¡ù

è¼ˆ¶‚° âF˜ñ¬øò£ù Ü™ô¶ °¬øð´ˆF ñŸªø£¼ è¼ˆ¬î
ÃÁõîŸ° although ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. Singapore is a well developed city. Although the cost of living is
high there ( pat: sent 1, Although sent 2 ) - CƒèŠÌ˜ ï¡°
õ÷˜„Cò¬ì‰î ïèó‹. Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹ Ü™ô¶ Ýù£™,
Üƒ«è M¬ôõ£C ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( °PŠ¹: Although
¾ì¡ õ¼‹ õ£‚Aò‹ âF˜ñ¬øò£ù è¼ˆ¬î °P‚°‹ )
( syn: but / though / while / however / neverthless / yet / on the other
hand / whereas )
Meaning 2: å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒ»‹ «ð£¶ àƒèÀ‚° â‰î Hó„ê¬ùèœ
õ‰î£½‹ Ü¬î êñ£Oˆ¶ Ü‰î ªêò¬ô ªõŸPèóñ£è º®Šð¶
Ý°‹.
b. Although I were in fever, I went to the college ( pat: Although sent
1, sent 2 ) - ï£¡ è£Œ„êL™ Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹ ï£¡ è™½K‚°
ªê¡«ø¡. (°PŠ¹: Although - ¾ì¡ õ¼‹ õ£‚Aò‹
Hó„ê¬ù¬ò‚ °P‚°‹ )
( syn: even though / though / in spite of / despite / even if )
19. Altogether
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ º¿õ¶ñ£è / º¿¬ñò£è / ºŸP½‹

ïì‰¶œ÷¶ â¡ð¬î °P‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( syn: completely )
a. I finished the work altogether - ï£¡ «õ¬ô¬ò º¿¬ñò£è
º®ˆ¶M†«ì¡.
b. The situation is altogether different in Salem ( pat: altogether adj /
adv ) - Å›G¬ô «êôˆF™ ºŸP½‹ ñ£ÁŠð†´ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 2: ªñ£ˆîF™, Üî£õ¶ Þ¶ ªð£¼œèO¡ ªñ£ˆî

â‡E‚¬è¬ò °P‚Aø¶. ( syn: totally / in total )
c. There are five books altogether / in total / totally - ªñ£ˆîF™
ä‰¶ ¹ˆîèƒèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
d. Altogether 300 students came to the function - ªñ£ˆîF™ 300

ñ£íõ˜èœ Mö£MŸ° õ‰î£˜èœ.
20. Always
Meaning 1: âŠªð£¿¶‹, åšªõ£¼ º¬ø»‹ Ü™ô¶ åšªõ£¼

îì¬õ»‹
a. He always comes at 9 am - Üõ˜ âŠªð£¿¶‹ è£¬ô 9
ñE‚° õ¼Aø£˜. ( syn: all the time / at all times )
Phrase Meaning 1: as always / as usual - õö‚èñ£è, âF˜ð£˜ˆî¶

«ð£ô / ñ£FK.
Üõ˜ âF˜ð£˜ˆî¶ «ð£ô
b. He scores more runs as always -
Ü™ô¶ õö‚èñ£è ÜFè ó¡è¬÷ «ê˜ˆî£˜.
c. As always, his work is excellent - õö‚èñ£è Üõ¼¬ìò «õ¬ô
ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
( syn: as usual / as expected )
21. And
Meaning 1: ñŸÁ‹, «ñ½‹. Þ¶ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèœ Ü™ô¶ ªêò™è¬÷

Þ¬í‚°‹ ªê£™ô£è M÷ƒ°Aø¶.
a. The tiger and lion are wild animals - ¹L ñŸÁ‹ Cƒè‹ è£†´
Môƒ°èœ Ý°‹.
b. First I eat. And, I wash my hand - ºîL™ ï£¡ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
«ñ½‹ / ñŸÁ‹, ï£¡ â¡Â¬ìò ¬è¬ò è¿¾A«ø¡.
Meaning 2: å«ó õ£˜ˆ¬î¬ò Þó‡´ îì¬õ â¿î and ðò¡ðÁø¶.
Þ¶ ÜFèñ£ù â¡Á ªð£¼œ ªè£‡´ õ¼‹.
c. More and more people lose the job - ÜFè â‡E‚¬è»œ÷
ñ‚èœ «õ¬ô¬ò Þö‚Aø£˜èœ.
d. I waited for hours and hours - ï£¡ ÜF è «ïóƒ èœ
è£ˆF¼‰«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: and so on / and so on and so forth / etc / and
suchlike / to name but a few - «ð£¡ø ºîLò¬õèœ / Þ¶ «ð£¡ø
ñŸø¬õèœ.
e. You clean bicycle, car, house, and so on - cƒèœ
¬ê‚Aœ, è£˜,
i´ «ð£¡ø ºîLò¬õè¬÷ ²ˆî‹ ªêŒ»ƒèœ. ( «ð£¡ø
ºîLò¬õèœ â¡ø£™ Þ¶ ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ Þƒ° ªê£¡ù
ñ£FK Þ¼‚°‹ ñŸøŠ ªð£¼œèœ Ý°‹. )
22. Another
Meaning 1: Þ¡ªù£¼, Þ¡ªù£¡Á.

Üî£õ¶, Þ¶ å«ó ñ£FK
Þ¼‚°‹ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼¬÷ °P‚Aø¶. ( syn: one more / extra /
additional / spare )
a. I am going to have another dosai - ï£¡ Þ¡ªù£¼ «î£¬ê

ê£ŠHìŠ «ð£A«ø¡.
Þó‡´ C®‚è¬÷
b. Buy two CDs and get another free -
õ£ƒ°ƒèœ. «ñ½‹, Þ¡ªù£¡¬ø Þôõêñ£è ªðÁƒèœ.
c. I have to wait for another two weeks - ï£¡ Þ¡ªù£¼ Þó‡´
õ£óƒèœ è£ˆF¼‚è «õ‡´‹.
Meaning 2: ñŸªø£¼, ñŸªø£¡Á. Üî£õ¶, Þ¶ «õÁ ñ£FK Þ¼‚°‹
Ü™ô¶ «õÁ õ¬è¬ò «ê˜‰î Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼¬÷ °P‚Aø¶. (
syn: different / other )
d. I live in another house - ï£¡ ñŸªø£¼ i†®™ õC‚A«ø¡.
ï£¡ ñŸªø£¼ Ü™ô¶
e. I go to the market by another route -
«õÁ õNJ™ ñ£˜‚ªè†´‚° ªê™A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: one another / each other - å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á,
å¼õ¼‚° å¼õ˜.
f. They hit one another - Üõ˜èœ å¼õ¼‚° å¼õ˜ Ü®ˆ¶‚
ªè£œAø£˜èœ.
ªî¼‚èœ
g. The streets are all at right angles to each other -
å¡Á‚ªè£¡Á 90 ®AK «è£íˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: one kind or another / one sort or another -
ðôõ¬èò£ù è£óíƒèOù£™ Ü™ô¶ ðôõ¬èò£ù
ªêò™èOù£™.
ï£‹
h. We make pollution in the earth in one kind or another -
ðôõ¬èò£ù ªêò™èOù£™ ÌI¬ò ñ£²Šð´ˆ¶A«ø£‹.
Phrase Meaning 3: And another thing / and - «ñ½‹ / «ñ¡«ñ½‹
i. I eat banana. And another thing, I eat ice cream - ï£¡
õ£¬öŠðö‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡. «ñ½‹ / «ñ¡«ñ½‹, ï£¡
ävAK‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
( syn: by the way / furthermore / moreover / besides / and )
23. Any
Meaning 1: any «èœMJ™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ ‘ãî£õ¶’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚

ªè£´‚°‹.
a. Do you have any money? - àƒèOì‹ ãî£õ¶ ðí‹
Þ¼‚Aøî£?
cƒèœ Ü‰î‚
b. Do you find any answer to that question? -
«èœM‚° ãî£õ¶ M¬ì è‡´H®ˆb˜è÷£?
c. Do you have any other questions? - cƒèœ «õÁ ãî£õ¶
«èœMèœ ¬õˆF¼‚Al˜è÷£?
Meaning 2: any âF˜ñ¬ø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ ‘â‰î ’ â¡ø
ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
d. I don’t have any interest in the film - âù‚° CQñ£ ðìˆF™

â‰î Ý˜õº‹ Þ™¬ô.
e. They did not invite any of us ( pat: any of sb - sbJ™ ò£¬ó»‹ /
ò£«óÂ‹ ) - Üõ˜èœ âƒèO™ ò£¬ó»‹ Ü¬ö‚èM™¬ô.
f. They did not buy any of the mangoes ( pat: any of sth - sth™
ã«îÂ‹ / â¬î»‹ ) - Üõ˜èœ ñ£ƒè£ŒèO™ â¬î»‹
õ£ƒèM™¬ô. ( °PŠ¹: any mangoes â¡ø£™ â‰î
ñ£ƒè£Œè¬÷»‹ âù ªð£¼œð´‹. )
g. I did not buy any other things - ï£¡ «õÁ â‰î ªð£¼œè¬÷»‹
õ£ƒèM™¬ô.
Meaning 3: any âF˜ñ¬øòŸø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ ‘â‰î å¼
ªð£¼À‹ ( â¬î «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ ), â‰î å¼ ïð¼‹ ’ â¡ø
ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
cƒèœ â‰î
h. you should read any document before you sign it -
å¼ ÝõíƒèO½‹ ¬èªò¿ˆ¶ «ð£´õîŸ° º¡¹ Ü¬î
ð®‚è «õ‡´‹.
i. cƒèœ â‰î è£˜ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹
you can buy any car -
õ£ƒèô£‹ Ü™ô¶ cƒèœ â‰î å¼ è£¬ó «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹
õ£ƒèô£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: any minute / at any moment / any time now -
â‰î «ïóˆF½‹.
j. He will come here at any time - Üõ¡ â‰î «ïóˆF½‹ Þƒ°
õ¼õ£¡.
å¼ ªêò™
Phrase Meaning 2: not any more / not any longer -
º¡¹ ïì‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‰î¶. Ýù£™ ÞŠªð£¿¶ Ü¶
ïì‚èM™¬ô.
k. He doesn’t live here any more - Üõ˜ ÞŠªð£¿¶ Þƒ°
õCŠð¶ Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 3: not any more - ÞQ«ñ™, ( syn: hereafter / from
this time )
l. Don’t phone me hereafter - ÞQ«ñ™ âù‚° «ð£¡
ªêŒò£b˜èœ.
24. Anybody / Anyone
Meaning 1: anybody «èœM ñŸÁ‹ Gð‰î¬ù õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹
«ð£¶ ‘ò£ó£õ¶ Ü™ô¶ ò£¼‚è£õ¶’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
a. Does anyone want drink? - ò£ó£õ¶ ð£ù‹ °®‚è
M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?.
ò£ó£õ¶ â¡¬ù ð£˜‚è
b. If anyone sees me, I will give gift -
õ‰î£™, ï£¡ ªõ°ñF î¼«õ¡.
Meaning 2: anybody âF˜ñ¬ø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ ‘ò£Kìº‹’
â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
c. I did not speak to anyone / anybody - ï£¡ ò£Kìº‹
«ðêM™¬ô.
Meaning 3: anybody âF˜ñ¬øòŸø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ ‘ò£ó£õ¶
å¼ˆî˜ Ü™ô¶ ò£˜ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
( syn: any of you )
d. Anybody can do this - ò£˜ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ Þ¬î
ªêŒòô£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: anybody else / anyone else - «õÁ ò£¬óò£õ¶
e. You call anyone else - cƒèœ «õÁ ò£¬óò£õ¶ ÃŠH´ƒèœ.
25. Anyhow / Anyway

Meaning 1: âŠð®«ò£, âŠð®ò£õ¶, âŠð®ò£JÂ‹.
a. I completed the work anyhow / anyway - ï£¡ âŠð®«ò£
«õ¬ô¬ò º®ˆ¶M†«ì¡.
26. Anything
Meaning 1: anything «èœM ñŸÁ‹ Gð‰î¬ù õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹

«ð£¶ ‘ãî£õ¶’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
a. Do you want anything from the shop? - àƒèÀ‚°
è¬ìJL¼‰¶ ãî£õ¶ «õ‡´ñ£?
àƒèÀ‚° ãî£õ¶
b. If you need anything, you call me -
«î¬õŠð†ì£™ cƒèœ â¡¬ù Ü¬ö»ƒèœ.
(°PŠ¹: any ñŸÁ‹ anything Þó‡´‚°‹ ãî£õ¶ â¡ø
ªð£¼œ õ¼‹. any âŠªð£¿¶‹ ªðò˜„ªê£™½ì¡ (noun)
«ê˜‰¶ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ anything îQò£è î£¡ õ¼‹.)
Meaning 2: anything âF˜ñ¬ø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ ‘â¶¾‹
Ü™ô¶ â¬î»‹’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
c. Don’t do anything - â¬î»‹ ªêŒò£«î. ( °PŠ¹: not + anything
= nothing, Don’t do anything = Do nothing )
Meaning 3: anything âF˜ñ¬øòŸø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶
‘â‰îŠªð£¼¬÷»‹, â¬î»‹, â¶¾‹, â¬î«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹’ â¡ø
ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
d. I can take anything - ï£¡ â¬î«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹
â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ¡.
àƒèÀ‚° «î¬õò£ù¶
e. You can buy anything you want -
â¬î«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ õ£ƒA‚ªè£œ÷ô£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: anything else - «õÁ ãî£õ¶
f. You take anything else - cƒèœ «õÁ âî£õ¶
â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ.
cƒèœ â¬î ªê£¡ù£½‹
Phrase Meaning 2: anything you say -
Ü¶ êKî£¡ Ü™ô¶ Ü¬î ãŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø¡.
ï£¡ cƒèœ ªê£™õ¬î
g. I accept anything you say -
ãŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ cƒèœ â¬î ªê£¡ù£½‹ ï£¡
ãŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø¡.
27. Anywhere
Meaning 1: anywhere «èœM ñŸÁ‹ Gð‰î¬ù õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹
«ð£¶ ‘âƒèò£õ¶’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
a. Do you go anywhere in the holiday? - cƒèœ M´º¬øJ™
âƒèò£õ¶ ªê™Al˜è÷£?
Meaning 2: anywhere âF˜ñ¬ø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ ‘âƒ«è»‹,
â‰î ÞìˆF½‹’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚ ªè£´‚°‹.
b. I can’t find the purse anywhere - â¡ù£™ ð˜¬ê âƒ«è»‹
è‡´H®‚è º®òM™¬ô. ( °PŠ¹: not + anywhere =
nowhere, I can’t find the purse anywhere = I can find the purse
nowhere )
Meaning 3: anywhere âF˜ñ¬øòŸø õ£‚AòˆF™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶
‘âƒ«è»‹, âƒ° «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹, âƒªè™ô£‹’ â¡ø ªð£¼¬÷‚
ªè£´‚°‹.
c. You can sit anywhere you like - àƒèÀ‚° âƒªè™ô£‹
H®‚°«î£ Üƒ° à†è£¼ƒèœ.
d. You can buy this book anywhere - cƒèœ Þ‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î âƒ°
«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ õ£ƒèô£‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: anywhere else - «õÁ âƒ«èò£õ¶
e. You take him anywhere else - cƒèœ Üõ¬ó «õÁ âƒ«èò£õ¶
Ã†®‚ªè£‡´ ªê™½ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 2: anywhere between one to ten / anywhere from
one to ten - å¡Á ºî™ ðˆ¶ õ¬óJ™ Þ¼‚°‹ ãî£õ¶ å¼
â‡. ( pat: anywhere between sth1 to sth2 / anywhere from sth1 to
sth2 )
28. Apart
Meaning 1: Þ¼ ªð£¼œèœ å¼ °PŠH†ì Þ¬ìªõOJ™ ( ÉóˆF™

Ü™ô¶ è£ôˆF™ ) Þ¼‚Aø¶, Þ¼ ªð£¼œèœ îQˆîQò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶
â¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ apart õ¼Aø¶.
cƒèœ Þó‡´
a. You keep two books 10 meters apart -
¹ˆîèƒè¬÷»‹ ðˆ¶ e†ì˜ Þ¬ìªõOJ™ ¬õ‚è¾‹.
b. The two books are 10 meters apart - Þó‡´ ¹ˆîèƒèœ ðˆ¶
e†ì˜ Þ¬ìªõOJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. You keep the two books apart - cƒèœ Þó‡´ ¹ˆîèƒè¬÷»‹
îQˆîQò£è ¬õ‚è¾‹.
d. My birthday and my wife’s birthday are 9 days apart - â¡Â¬ìò
Hø‰î ï£À‹ ñŸÁ‹ â¡Â¬ìò ñ¬ùMJ¡ Hø‰î ï£À‹
å¡ð¶ ï£†èœ Þ¬ìªõOJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
(°PŠ¹: away J¡ ªð£¼œ, õ£‚Aòˆ¬î «ð²ðõ¼‚°‹ ñŸÁ‹
õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼À‚°‹ Þ¬ìŠð†ì
Éó‹ Ü™ô¶ è£ô‹ Ý°‹. â´ˆ¶‚è£†´: The temple is 200
meters away - «è£M™ 200 e†ì˜ ÉóˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Üî£õ¶
cƒèœ Þ¼‚°‹ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ «è£M™ 200 e†ì˜ ÉóˆF™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.)
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ Þ¡ªù£¼ˆî¬ó M†´ HK‰¶ õ£›õ¬î Üî£õ¶

îQˆîQò£è õ£›õ¬î apart °P‚Aø¶. ( syn: divorce )
Üõ˜ ñŸÁ‹ Üõ¼¬ìò

e. He and his wife lives apart now -
ñ¬ùM ÞŠªð£¿¶ HK‰¶ õ£›Aø£˜èœ.
f. He is apart from his mother ( pat: apart from sth / sb ) - Üõ˜
Üõ¼¬ìò Ü‹ñ£¬õ M†´ îQò£è õ£›Aø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 1: fall apart / come apart - å¼ ªð£¼œ ²‚°Ëø£è
à¬ìõ¬î °P‚Aø¶.
g. The toy came apart ( syn: break into pieces / crumble / shatter ) -
ªð£‹¬ñ ²‚°Ëø£è à¬ì‰î¶
29. Apart from / Aside from
Meaning 1: å¡¬øˆ îMó Ü™ô¶ cƒè÷£è. ( syn: except / other

than )
a. This is good essay apart from / except small errors - CÁ
H¬öè¬÷ îMó Þ¶ ï™ô è†´¬ó Ý°‹.
Meaning 2: ÜîÂì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ Þ¶¾‹ Ü™ô¶ Ü¶ îMó Þ¶¾‹.
Üî£õ¶ å¼õ˜ ÜîÂì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ Þ¬î»‹ ªêŒAø£˜ ( «ñ½‹, Ãì
) ( syn: and / also / besides )
b. Apart from working as a teacher, he runs the business ( pat: apart
from doing sth ) - Üõ˜ ÝCKòó£è ðE¹Kõ¶ì¡,
ªî£N½‹ ïìˆ¶Aø£˜ ( Üî£õ¶ Þó‡´ ªî£N¬ô»‹
ªêŒAø£˜. )
30. Apparently
Meaning 1: ï£¡ «èœMŠð†ì õ¬ó‚°‹ / ï£¡ «èœMŠð†ìFL¼‰¶
/ âù‚° ªîK‰îõ¬óJ™
ï£¡ «èœMŠð†ì
a. Apparently, the company is doing well -
õ¬ó‚°‹, è‹ðQ ï¡ø£è «ð£Œ‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶.
31. Around
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ ²ŸP½‹ / ²ŸP
a. The students stand around the school - ñ£íõ˜èœ ðœO¬ò„
²ŸP½‹ GŸAø£˜èœ.
b. He runs around the tree - Üõ¡ ñóˆ¬î ²ŸP æÁø£¡.

Meaning 2: Ü¼A™ Ü™ô¶ Þƒèˆî£¡ âƒ«è«ò£ (syn: near)
c. He is around / he is around the corner ( pat: around the corner ) -

Üõ¡ Ü¼A™ Ü™ô¶ Þƒ«èî£¡ âƒ«è«ò£ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
d. Is there any bank around here / near - Ü¼A™ ãî£õ¶ õƒA
Þ¼‚Aøî£?
Phrase Meaning 1: around the clock - â™ô£ «ïóˆF½‹, 24 ñE
«ïóº‹.
e. He works around the clock - Üõ˜ â™ô£ «ïóº‹ «õ¬ô
ªêŒAø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 2: sb is / are not around - sb Ýùõ˜ Þƒ° Ü™ô¶
Þƒ«è Þ™¬ô.
f. He is not around - Üõ˜ Þƒ° Ü™ô¶ Þƒ«è Þ™¬ô. (
syn: he is not here / he is out / he is away )
Phrase Meaning 3: look around - ï£¡ å¼ Þìˆ¬î ²ŸP

ð£˜‚A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ÞìˆF™ àœ÷ ªð£¼œè¬÷ ²ŸP
ð£˜‚A«ø¡. ( syn: take a look / take a look around / have a look
around )
ï£¡ «èñó£
g. I look around the shop for buying the camera -
õ£ƒ°õîŸ° è¬ì¬ò Ü™ô¶ è¬ìJ™ àœ÷
«èñó£‚è¬÷ ²ŸPŠ ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 4: l am just looking - ï£¡ è¬ìJ™ Ü™ô¶
âƒèò£õ¶ Þ¼‚°‹ ªð£¼œè¬÷ ªõÁñ«ù ð£˜‚A«ø¡ (
Ýù£™ â¶¾‹ õ£ƒèM™¬ô ).
å¼ ªêŒF Ü™ô¶ «ï£Œ âOF™
Phrase Meaning 5: go around -
Ü™ô¶ «õèñ£è ðó¾õ¬î Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
h. The bird flu goes around the whole country - ðø¬õ‚ è£Œ„ê™
ï£´ º¿õ¶‹ «õèñ£è ðó¾Aø¶ ( syn: spread / catch ).
32. As
Meaning 1: Þ¼ ªð£¼œè¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªêò™è¬÷ «õÁð´ˆF
è£‡H‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
ÜõÂ‚°‹ âù‚°‹ å«ó õò¶ Ý°‹
a. He is as old as me -
Ü™ô¶ ÜõÂ‚° âšõ÷¾ õò«î£ Üšõ÷¾ õò¶
âù‚°‹ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. He is twice as old as me - ÜõÂ‚°
â¡Â¬ìò õò¬î Mì
Þ¼ñìƒ° ÜFè‹. Üî£õ¶, Üõ¡ õò¶ Þ¼ ñìƒ°
ÜFè‹ ( â¡Â¬ìò¬î Mì ). ( °PŠ¹: He is two years
older than me â¡ø£™ ÜõÂ‚° â¡¬ù Mì Þó‡´ õò¶
ÜFè‹ Ý°‹ ).
c. She sings well as much as I do ( sing ) ( pat: as - adj - as - sent 1
) - ï£¡ â‰î Ü÷¾‚° ï™ô£ ð£Á«ø«ù£ Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚°
ÜõÀ‹ ð£Áø£œ.
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ â¡ùõ£è «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜, å¼ ªð£¼œ â¶õ£è
ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶, å¼õK¡ «î£Ÿø‹ â¶õ£è Ü™ô¶ âšõ£Á
è£íŠðÁø¶ â¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
d. He works as a teacher - Üõ˜ ÝCKòó£è «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜.
e. The stone is used as a table - è™ «ñ¬üò£è
f. He dressed as a king - Üõ˜ Üóê¬ù «ð£¡Á / «ð£ô à¬ì
ÜE‰î£˜. ( syn: He dressed like a king / His dress looks like a
king / His dress looks as if a king / His dress looks as though a
king )
Meaning 3: ï£¡ â¡ù ªê£¡ù«ù£ Ü«î ñ£FK ªêŒ, Þ¼‚Aø¬î
Þ¼‚AøŠð®«ò M´ƒèœ, Üõ˜ ¬õˆF¼‚Aø ªð£¼œ ñ£FK«ò
Þõ¼‹ ¬õˆF¼‚Aø£˜, Üõ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒî ñ£FK«ò Þõ¼‹
Ü‰î ªêò¬ô ªêŒAø£˜ â¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
g. Do as I say / Do what I say - ï£¡ â¡ù ªê£™Aø«ù£ Ü¬î
ªêŒ.
h. Keep the things as they are - ªð£¼œèœ âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø«î£
ÜŠð®«ò ¬õ‚è¾‹.
i. ð‰¶ âŠð® Þ¼‰î«î£

You put the ball in the box as it was -
ÜŠð®«ò cƒèœ ªð†®J™ ¬õ‚è¾‹.
j. «ñ¬ü âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø«î£
You leave the table as it is -
ÜŠð®«ò Ü¬î M†´M´ƒèœ.
k. â¡Â¬ìò ÜŠð£
I have the car as my father has -
¬õˆF¼‚Aø è£˜ ñ£FK«ò ï£Â‹ ¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡. ( syn:
I have the same car as my father )
l. We live as we are - ï£‹ âŠð® õ£›Aø«ñ£ ÜŠð®«ò õ£ö
«õ‡´‹.
m. He runs as I do - ï£¡ âŠð® æÁø«ù£ ÜŠð®«ò Üõ¡
æÁø£¡.
n. I accept as it happens - Ü¶ âŠð® ïì‚Aø«î£ ÜŠð®«ò (
Ü¬î ) ï£¡ ãŸÁ‚ªè£œA«ø¡.
Meaning 4: ñ£FK. Þî¡ õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø: As + Vpp, sent 1
- â¡ø£™ Vpp ( Past Participle Verb ) J¡ ªð£¼¬÷ ñ£FK, As +
sent1, sent 2 - â¡ø£™ sent 1- ¡ ªð£¼¬÷ ñ£FK â¡ø
ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼‹.
o. As told, I give you money - ªê£¡ù ñ£FK ï£¡ àƒèÀ‚°
ðí‹ ªè£´‚A«ø¡.
p. As he told me, John passed the exam - Üõ˜
â¡Qì‹ ªê£¡ù
ñ£FK, ü£¡ «î˜M™ «î˜„CŠ ªðŸø£¡.
Meaning 5: å«ó êñòˆF™ ïì‚°‹ Þ¼ ªêò™è¬÷ °PŠHì As
ðò¡ðÁø¶
ï£¡ ðvRL¼‰¶ Þøƒ°‹«ð£¶
q. I see him as I get off the bus -
Ü™ô¶ Þøƒ°‹ Ü«î «ïóˆF™ ï£¡ Üõ¬ù ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
(syn: while / when / meanwhile / at the same time )
Meaning 6: è£óíˆ¬î °P‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
r. I don’t come here as I have fever ( pat: sent 1, as sent 2 ) - âù‚°
è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼Šðîù£™ ï£¡ Þƒ° õóM™¬ô. ( syn: since /
because / due to )
Phrase Meaning 1: as of now / for the time being / for the moment -
ÞŠ«ð£¬î‚°, îŸ«ð£¶.
s. As of now, there is no medicine for AIDS - ÞŠ«ð£¬î‚°

âŒ†v‚° ñ¼‰¶ Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 2: as far as I am concerned / In my opinion / I think
- â¡¬ù ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó / â¡ è¼ˆ¶Šð®,
t. In my opinion, he is a good boy - â¡ è¼ˆ¶Šð® Üõ¡ å¼
ï™ôŠ ¬ðò¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: as yet / until now / so far / upto now - Þ¶
õ¬ó‚°‹.
u. As yet there is no problem - Þ¶ õ¬ó‚°‹ â‰îŠ Hó„ê¬ù»‹
Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 4: as far as I know / as far as I remember / as far as
I am aware - âù‚° ªîK‰î õ¬óJ™.
v. As far as I know, he lives in village - âù‚° ªîK‰î õ¬óJ™
Üõ˜ Aó£ñˆF™î£¡ õC‚Aø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 5: As a sb, sent 1 - â¡ø£™ sb ò£è
å¼ ÝCKòó£è, ï£¡
w. As a teacher, I tell you the truth -
à‡¬ñ¬ò àƒèOì‹ ªê£™A«ø¡.
x. As a student, I tell you this - å¼ ñ£íõó£è ï£¡ Þ¬î
àƒèOì‹ ªê£™A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 6: As a sb, sent 1 / when I was sb, sent 1 - â¡ø£™
sb ò£è Þ¼‚°‹ªð£¿¶
y. As a child, I went to that temple - °ö‰¬îò£è Þ¼‚°‹ªð£¿¶
ï£¡ Ü‰î «è£M½‚°„ ªê¡«ø¡. ( syn: When I was a child,
I went to that temple )
Phrase Meaning 7: as soon as possible - âšõ÷¾ Y‚Aó‹
º®»«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾ Y‚Aó‹.
z. You come to the college as soon as possible - cƒèœ
âšõ÷¾
Y‚Aó‹ º®»«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾ Y‚Aó‹ è™ÖK‚° õ£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 8: as much as possible / as much as you can / as far
as possible - àƒè÷£™ âšõ÷¾ º®»«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾. ( possible
= you can )
àƒè÷£™ âšõ÷¾
a. You do the work as much as possible -
º®»«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾ «õ¬ô ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
33. At
Meaning 1: Þ¶ êKò£è å¼õ˜ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªð£¼œ âƒ° Þ¼‚Aø¶

â¡ð¬î °P‚Aø¶. ( Ýù£™ ªðKò ðóŠð÷¾ àœ÷ ÞìˆF™ å¼õ˜
Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î‚ °P‚è in ðò¡ðÁø¶. )
a. He is at his office - Üõ˜ Üõ¼¬ìò Ü½õôèˆF™
Þ¼‚Aø£˜. ( °PŠ¹: Spoken English ™ He is in his office
â¡ø£½‹ êKî£¡. )
b. The train stops at Salem - óJ™ «êôˆF™ GŸAø¶.
Meaning 2: è®è£ó ñE¬ò °PŠH´õîŸ° at ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( è®è£ó
ñE‚° º¡ù£™ âŠªð£¿¶‹ at õ¼‹ )
c. I get up at 6 o’clock - ï£¡ ÝÁ ñE‚° ð´‚¬èJL¼‰¶
â¿A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: He is at work - Üõ˜ Üõ¼ìò «õ¬ô ªêŒ»‹
ÞìˆF™ «õ¬ô ªêŒ¶‚ ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜. (°PŠ¹: Üõ˜
«õ¬ô ªêŒ¶‚ ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜ â¡ø ªð£¼O™ Ãì Þ¬î
ðò¡ð´ˆîô£‹)
Phrase Meaning 2: good at ( doing ) sth - å¼õ˜ doing â¡ø ªêò¬ô
ªêŒõF™ Fø¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜. ( °PŠ¹: bad at ( doing ) sth
â¡ø£™ å¼õ˜ doing â¡ø ªêò¬ô ªêŒõF™ Fø¬ñòŸøõó£è
Þ¼‚Aø£˜. )
Üõ˜ èí‚A™ õ™ôõó£è Ü™ô¶
d. He is good at maths -
Fø¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
34. Away
Meaning 1: å¼õ˜ Þƒ° Þ™¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªõOJ™ «ð£J¼‚Aø£˜
â¡ð¬î away °P‚Aø¶.
Üõ˜ Þƒ° Þ™¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªõOJ™
a. He is away -
«ð£J¼‚Aø£˜. ( syn: He is not here / He is out / He is not
around )
Meaning 2: cƒèœ Þ‰î Þìˆ¬î M†´ «ð£ƒèœ, Þ‰î ªð£¼¬÷
Ü™ô¶ Þ‰î Þìˆ¬î M†´ îœO G™½ƒèœ â¡ð¬î away
°P‚Aø¶.
b. Go away - Þ‰î Þìˆ¬î M†´ A÷‹¹ƒèœ Ü™ô¶ Þƒ«è
Þ¼‚è£«î.
c. You stay away from the fire ( pat: stay away from sth ) - cƒèœ
ªï¼Š¬ð M†´ îœO G™½ƒèœ.
Meaning 3: cƒèœ Þ¼‚°‹ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ å¼ ªð£¼œ Ü™ô¶ Þì‹
âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ îœO Þ¼‚Aø¶, cƒèœ Þ¼‚°‹ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ å¼
ªð£¼¬÷ Ü™ô¶ Þìˆ¬î Ü¬ìò âšõ÷¾ è£ô‹ Ý°‹ â¡ð¬î
away °P‚Aø¶.
d. The temple is 1 km away - «è£M™ å¼ A«ô£e†ì˜ ÉóˆF™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. I am standing 10 feet away from the cow ( pat: away from sth ) -
ï£¡ ð² Þ¼‚°‹ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ 10 Ü® Éó‹ îœO
GŸA«ø¡. ( syn: The cow is 10 feet away â¡ø£™ cƒèœ
Þ¼‚°‹ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶, ð² 10 Ü® ÉóˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶
â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹. )
f. Salem is 30 minutes away - «êô‹ «ð£Œ «ê¼õîŸ° 30
GIìƒèœ Ý°‹.
35. Back
Meaning 1: ( F¼‹ð ), Üî£õ¶ cƒèœ å¼ ÞìˆF™ Þ¼‚Al˜èœ.
Üƒ° àƒèœ ï‡ð˜ õ¼Aø£˜. cƒèœ ÜõKì‹ “c Þƒ° Þ¼. ï£¡
å¼ GIìˆF™ F¼‹H Ü™ô¶ F¼‹ð õ¼A«ø¡”. â¡Á ªê£™õîŸ°
back ðò¡ðÁø¶. «ñ½‹, å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ Ü¶ Þ¼‰î ÞìˆF™
e‡´‹ Ü™ô¶ F¼‹ð Üƒ«è«ò ¬õŠðîŸ°‹, º¡¹ ªêŒî ªêò¬ô
F¼‹ð Ü¬î«ò ªêŒõ¬î»‹ back °P‚Aø¶. ( syn: return )
a. I am back in a minute - ï£¡ å¼ GIìˆF™ F¼‹ð õ¼A«ø¡.
b. Put the book back in the shelf - ¹ˆîèˆ¬î F¼‹ð Üôñ£KJ™
¬õ‚è¾‹.
c. You go back to sleep ( pat: go back to do sth ) - cƒèœ F¼‹ð
Éƒ°ƒèœ. ( cƒèœ ºîL™ ÉƒA ªè£‡®¼Šd˜èœ.
ãî£õ¶ êˆîˆFù£™ É‚èˆFL¼‰¶ â¿‰F¼Šd˜èœ. Hø°,

cƒèœ F¼‹ð Éƒ°õ¬î Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.)
d. I go back to London in a month - ï£¡ Ü´ˆî ñ£îˆF™ F¼‹ð
ô‡ì¡ ªê™A«ø¡. ( °PŠ¹: come back â¡ø£™ F¼‹ð
õ¼A«ø¡ â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹ )
ï£¡ CP¶ «ïóˆFŸ°ŠHø°
e. Can I call you back later ? -
àƒè¬÷ F¼‹ð «ð£Q™ Ü¬ö‚è†´ñ£?
f. I want my book back - âù‚° â¡Â¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹ F¼‹ð
«î¬õ.
Meaning 2: cƒèœ Þ¼‚°‹ G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‰¶ H¡«ù£‚A ïè¼õîŸ°,
ð£˜ŠðîŸ° «ð£¡ø ðô õ¬èò£ù ªêò™è¬÷ ªêŒõîŸ° back
g. He looks back the house - Üõ˜ i†¬ì H¡«ù£‚A Ü™ô¶
F¼‹H ð£˜‚Aø£˜.
h. He turn the head back - Üõ˜ î¬ô¬ò H¡«ù£‚A
F¼ŠHù£˜.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ H¡ð‚è‹, H¡ð°F Ü™ô¶ H¡¹ø‹.
i. I am back of the bus - ï£¡ ðvR¡ H¡ð°FJ™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
( °PŠ¹: I am behind the bus â¡ø£™ ï£¡ ðvRŸ° H¡ù£®
Ü™ô¶ H¡ù£™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡ â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹. Üîõ£¶
ðvRŸ° ªõO«ò H¡ù£®. I am front of the bus â¡ø£™
ï£¡ ðvR¡ º¡ð°FJ™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡. )
Meaning 4: º¡¹.
j. I come here two months back - ï£¡ Þó‡´ ñ£îƒèÀ‚°
º¡¹ Þƒ° õ‰«î¡.
å¼õ˜ sth â¡ø ªêò¬ô
Phrase Meaning 1: get back to sth -
ÞŠªð£¿¶ ªêŒòô£‹ â¡Á ÃÁõîŸ° Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
k. ï£¡ ÞŠªð£¿¶ àƒèÀ¬ìò
I get back to your question -
«èœM‚° õ¼A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ ÞŠªð£¿¶ àƒèÀ¬ìò
«èœM¬ò ð£˜‚èô£‹.
Phrase Meaning 2: get back to you / inform you / let you know -
àƒèÀ‚° å¼ Mêòˆ¬î ï£¡ ªîKòŠð´ˆ¶A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: back and forth - º¡Â‹ H¡Â‹
l. The swing goes back and forth - á…ê™ º¡Â‹ H¡Â‹
ªê™Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 4: Please sit back - ï™ô£ ªê÷èKòñ£è
à†è£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 5: back home / when I was in home - i†®™
Þ¼‚°‹ªð£¿¶ Ü™ô¶ i†®™ Þ¼‚°‹«ð£¶.
i†®™ Þ¼‚°‹«ð£¶, ï£¡
m. Back home, I ate lot of fruits -
G¬øò ðöƒèœ ê£ŠH†«ì¡. Þ‰î õ£‚Aòˆ¬î cƒèœ
ªê£™½‹«ð£¶, cƒèœ âƒ«èò£õ¶ i†¬ìM†´
ªõOJ™ îƒAJ¼Šd˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 6: There is no going back - â´ˆ î ‚
è£KòˆFL¼‰¶ H¡õ£ƒè£ñ™ Þ¼ˆî™.
ï£¡ ªî£N™
n. I start the business. There is no going back -
ªî£ìƒ°A«ø¡. â¡ùî£¡ Hó„ê¬ùèœ õ‰î£½‹
ÜFL¼‰¶ ï£¡ H¡õ£ƒè ñ£†«ì¡.
36. Because
Meaning 1: è£óíˆ¬î °P‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶ ( ãªùQ™ Ü™ô¶

ãªù¡ø£™ )
a. I don’t come here because I have fever ( pat: sent 1, because
sent 2 ) - âù‚° è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼Šðîù£™ ï£¡ Þƒ°
õóM™¬ô Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ Þƒ° õóM™¬ô ãªùQ™ âù‚°
è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þƒ° sent 2 Ýù¶ è£óíˆ¬î‚
°P‚°‹, Üî£õ¶ because ¾ì¡ õ¼‹ õ£‚Aò‹ Ý°‹. (
syn: since / as / due to )
b. I do not come here because of fever ( pat: sent 1, because of sth
/ sb ) - è£Œ„êLù£™ ï£¡ Þƒ° õóM™¬ô. Þƒ° sth
Ýù¶ è£óíˆ¬î‚ °P‚°‹.
c. It happened because of you - Þ¶ àƒèOù£™ î£¡ ïì‰î¶.

å¼õ˜
Phrase Meaning 1: Just because .... It doesn’t mean.... -
Þ¶õ£è Þ¼Šðîù£™ Ü¶õ£è Þ¼‚è «õ‡´‹ â¡ø
ÜõCò‹ Þ™¬ô.
d. Just because he went to London, It doesn’t mean you should use
his car - Üõ˜ ô‡ì¡ «ð£ùîù£™, cƒèœ Üõ¼¬ìò
è£¬ó ðò¡ð´ˆî «õ‡´‹ â¡ø ÜõCò‹ Þ™¬ô.
e. Just because you are older than me, It doesn’t mean I have to
follow you - cƒèœ â¡¬ù Mì ªðKòõ˜ â¡ðîù£™, ï£¡
àƒè¬÷ H¡ðŸP Þ¼‚è«õ‡´‹ â¡ø ÜõCò‹ Þ™¬ô.
37. Been
Meaning 1: cƒèœ å¼ á¼‚° Ü™ô¶ Þìˆ¶‚° «ð£J†´

õ‰F¼‚Al˜è÷£ Ü™ô¶ «ð£J¼‚Al˜è÷£ â¡Á «è†è¾‹, ï£¡
å¼ á¼‚° «ð£J†´ õ‰F¼‚A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ «ð£J¼‚A«ø¡ â¡Á
ªê£™ô¾‹ Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. I have been to Londonï£¡ ô‡ì¡ «ð£J†´
-
õ‰F¼‚A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ «ð£J¼‚A«ø¡.
cƒèœ º‹¬ð «ð£J†´
b. Have you ever been to Mumbai? -
õ‰F¼‚Al˜è÷£? Ü™ô¶ cƒèœ º‹¬ð «ð£J¼‚Al˜è÷£?
c. I have been to eat in Singapore ( pat: have been to do sth ) - ï£¡
CƒèŠÌK™ ê£ŠH†´¼‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: sb hasn’t been yet - sbÝùõ˜ Þ¡Â‹ Þƒ°
õóM™¬ô Ü™ô¶ Þƒ° õ‰¶ «ð£èM™¬ô.
d. The milkman hasn’t been yet - ð£™è£ó˜ Þ¡Â‹ Þƒ°
õóM™¬ô. ( °PŠ¹: The milkman has come â¡ø£™
ð£™è£ó˜ õ‰F¼‚Aø£˜ Ü™ô¶ õ‰¶M†ì£˜ â¡Á
Ü˜ˆî‹ )
38. Before
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõîŸ° º¡ / º¡¹ / º¡ù£®, Þ‰î

ªêò¬ô ªêŒò¾‹.
a. You say goodbye before you go (pat: sent 1, before sent 2 ) -
cƒèœ ªê™õîŸ° º¡ °†¬ð ªê£™½ƒèœ. (°PŠ¹:
Þƒ° ºîL™ ªêŒ»‹ ªêò™ “°†¬ð ªê£™½î™”.
Þó‡ì£õî£è ªêŒ»‹ ªêò™ “cƒèœ ªê™½ƒèœ” Ý°‹.)
b. He arrived home before me - Üõ¡ i†®Ÿ° âù‚° º¡ù£®
õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î£¡.
c. Üõ¡ i†®Ÿ° ä‰¶
He arrived home 5 minutes before me -
GIì‹ âù‚° º¡ù£® õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î£¡.
d. You say goodbye before going ( pat: sent 1, before doing sth ) -
cƒèœ ªê™õîŸ° º¡ °†¬ð ªê£™½ƒèœ.
e. You call me before 10 pm - cƒèœ Þó¾ 10 ñE‚° º¡
âù‚° «ð£¡ ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
f. He stands before me - Üõ˜ âù‚° º¡ù£® Ü™ô¶ º¡¹
GŸAø£˜.
Meaning 2: cƒèœ å¼ ªêò¬ô å¼õ˜ Ü™ô¶ ðô˜ º¡¹ ªêŒõ¬î
°P‚Aø¶.
g. She dances before the king - Üõœ ó£ü£ º¡¹ ïìù‹

ÝÁø£œ.
ÞîŸ°
Phrase Meaning 1: have never been done / tried before -
º¡ ò£¼‹ ªêŒò£î Ü™ô¶ Þ™ô£î ªêò¬ô ï£¡
ªêŒòŠ«ð£A«ø¡ â¡Á Ãø ðò¡ðÁø¶.
h. I try to invent technology that has never been done before - ï£¡
ÞîŸ° º¡ Þ™ô£î ªî£N™¸†ðˆ¬î è‡´H®‚è ºòŸC
ªêŒA«ø¡.
Þ‰î Þó‡´ ªêò™èO™
Phrase Meaning 2: come before -
Ü™ô¶ ªð£¼œèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡PŸ°î£¡ ï£¡ º‚Aòˆ¶õ‹
ªè£´‚A«ø¡.
i. The quality comes before the profit in NLRC Spoken English -
â¡.â™.Ý˜.C «ð²‹ ÝƒAôˆF™ ô£ðˆ¬î Mì îóˆFŸ°
º‚Aòˆ¶õ‹ ªè£´‚èŠðÁø¶.
39. Behind
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° H¡ù£® Ü™ô¶

H¡ù£™ Þ¼‚Aø¶. ÞîŸ° å¼ º‚Aò Gð‰î¬ù â¡ùªõ¡ø£™
Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹ å¡¬øªò£¡Á ªî£ì‚Ãì£¶ â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹,
å¼õ˜ îù¶ Fø¬ñJ™ H¡îƒA Ü™ô¶ H¡îƒAò G¬ôJ™
Þ¼‚Aø£˜ â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹ õ¼Aø¶.
a. The car is behind me - è£˜ âù‚° H¡ù£™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.

b. He is behind in the computer skill ( pat: behind in sth ) - Üõ¡
è‹ŠÎ†ì˜ Fø¬ñJ™ H¡îƒA Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
c. He is behind her in the computer skill ( pat: behind sb in sth ) -
Üõ¡ è‹ŠÎ†ì˜ Fø¬ñJ™ Üõ¬÷ Mì H¡îƒA
Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
d. I am getting behind / I am behind - ï£¡ H¡îƒA Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
Meaning 2: å¼ ªêò™ ïì‰îîŸè£ù ñ¬øºè è£óíˆ¬î °P‚Aø¶.
Mñ£ù æ†®J¡
e. The pilot error is behind the flight accident -
îõÁ Mñ£ù Mðˆ¶‚° ñ¬øºè è£óí‹ Ý°‹.
å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò º®‚è
Phrase Meaning 1: behind the schedule -
«õ‡®ò «ïóˆFŸ°œ º®‚è£ñ™ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶
å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò è£ôˆ î£ñîñ£è º®Šð¶ Ý°‹.
f. He is 2 years behind the schedule - Üõ˜ «õ¬ô¬ò º®ŠðF™
Þó‡´ õ¼ì‹ è£ôˆ î£ñî£ñ£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
àƒèOì‹ ï¡°
Phrase Meaning 2: behind sb’s back -
ðö‚èºœ÷õ˜ cƒèœ Þ™ô£î êñòˆF™ Ü™ô¶ àƒèÀ‚«è
ªîKò£ñ™ Ü´ˆîõKì‹ àƒè¬÷Š ðŸP îŠð£ù è¼ˆ¬î
ÃÁõ¶ Ý°‹.
Üõ¡ â¡¬ùŠ ðŸP
g. He talks about me behind my back -
ñŸøõ˜èOì‹ îõø£ù è¼ˆ¬î âù‚«è ªîKò£ñ™
«ð²Aø£¡. Þƒ° me Þ¼Šðî£™ behind my back â¡Á
õ¼‹. Ü«î ñ£FK him Þ¼‰î£™ behind his back â¡Á
õ¼‹.
40. Below
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼À‚° W«ö Þ¼‚Aø¶.

ÞîŸ° å¼ º‚Aò Gð‰î¬ù â¡ùªõ¡ø£™ Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹
å¡¬øªò£¡Á ªî£ì‚Ãì£¶.
a. The apple is below the ball - ÝŠHœ ð‰¶‚° W«ö Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. He is 100 meter below the ground - Üõ¡ î¬óJL¼‰¶ 100
e†ì˜ W«ö Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
c. Her hair is below the waist - ÜõÀ¬ìò º® Þ´ŠHŸ° W«ö
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
d. He lives in the room below - Üõ¡ W«ö Þ¼‚°‹ Ü¬øJ™
õC‚Aø£¡.
Meaning 2: å¼ ðîMJ¡ õK¬êJ™ å¼ ðîM‚° W«ö Þ¡ªù£¼
ðîM Þ¼‚Aø¶ â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹, å¼ â‡E¡ ñFŠ¹ ÞîŸ°
W«ö Ü™ô¶ Þ¬îMì °¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶ â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹
õ¼‹.
«èŠì¡ ªü¡ó½‚° W«ö
e. A captain is below the general -
«õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜ Ü™ô¶ ðîM õK¬êJ™ «èŠì¡
ªü¡ó½‚° W«ö Þ¼‚Aø£˜. ( °PŠ¹: A general is above
the captain â¡ø£™ ðîM õK¬êJ™ ªü¡ó™ «èŠìÂ‚°
«ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø£˜. )
f. The price is below Rs 10 - M¬ô ðˆ¶ Ïð£Œ‚°‹ W«ö Ü™ô¶
°¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( syn: under / less than / lower than )
g. The children are 4 years and below - °ö‰¬îèœ ï£¡° õò¶
ñŸÁ‹ ÜîŸ° °¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
Meaning 3: ¹ˆîèˆF™ ãî£õ¶ å¼ °PŠHŸ° Ü™ô¶ M÷‚èˆFŸ°
W«ö ð£˜‚è¾‹. Üî£õ¶ Ü´ˆ¶ õ¼‹ ðˆFJ™ ð£˜‚è¾‹.
ð£ìˆF¡ M÷‚èƒèœ
h. The details of course are listed below -
W«ö MKõ£è õK¬êŠð´ˆîŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
i. For more information, see below - ÜFèŠð®ò£ù M÷‚èˆFŸ°
W«ö ð£˜‚è¾‹.
41. Beneath
Meaning 1: Below J¡ meaning 1 ñŸÁ‹ meaning 2 ¬ò ð£˜‚è¾‹.
Meaning 2: ï£¡ ê†¬ì‚°œ Ü™ô¶ ê†¬ì‚° Ü®J™ ðQò¡

ÜE‰F¼‚A«ø¡, cƒèœ «ð£˜¬õ¬ò «ð£˜ˆF‚ªè£‡®¼‚°‹ «ð£¶
cƒèœ «ð£˜¬õ‚° àœ«÷ Ü™ô¶ Ü®J™ Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚è beneath
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. He is beneath / under the bedsheet - Üõ˜ «ð£˜¬õ‚° W«ö

/ àœ«÷ / Ü®J™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
42. Beside
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èõ£†®™ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼œ

Þ¼ŠðîŸ° beside â¡Á ªð£¼œ. Üî£õ¶ Þ¶ å¼õK¡ ÞìŠð‚è‹
Ü™ô¶ õôŠð‚èˆ¬î °P‚°‹.
a. He is beside me - Üõ˜ âù‚° ð‚èõ£†®™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
43. Besides
Meaning 1: «ñ½‹, ÞîÂì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ( syn: and / also )
a. I need money. Besides that / And besides, I need car ( pat: sent 1;
Besides that / And besides, sent 2 ) - âù‚° ðí‹ «î¬õ.
«ñ½‹ âù‚° è£˜ «î¬õ.
b. Besides working as a teacher, he does part time job ( pat: Besides
doing as sth, sent 2 ) - Üõ˜ ÝCKòó£è «õ¬ô ªêŒõ¶ì¡,
ð°F «ïó «õ¬ô»‹ ªêŒAø£˜.
c. Besides me, there are five people - â¡Âì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶ ä‰¶
«ð˜ Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
«êôˆ¶ì¡ «ê˜ˆ¶,
d. Besides Salem, I went to Trichy and Ooty -
ï£¡ F¼„C ñŸÁ‹ á†® ªê¡«ø¡.
44. Between
Meaning 1: Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼‚Aø¶,
Þ¼ è£ôƒèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ Þ¼‚°‹ ã«î£ å¼ «ïó‹, Þ¼
ªêò™èÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ Þ¼‚°‹ ã«î£ å¼ ªêò™ «ð£¡ø è¼ˆ¶è¬÷
Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( °PŠ¹: ðô ªð£¼œèÀ‚° Þ¬ìJ™ ãî£õ¶
å¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼ŠðîŸ° among â¡Á ªð£¼œ. )
a. I am ( in ) between Kumar and Raja - ï£¡ °ñ£¼‚°‹
ó£ü£¾‚°‹ Þ¬ìJ™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
cƒèœ
b. You come to my office between 3 PM and 5 PM -
â¡Â¬ìò Ü½õôèˆFŸ° ñ£¬ô 3 ñŸÁ‹ 5 ñE‚°
Þ¬ìJ™ õ£¼ƒèœ.
c. è£˜
The car is halfway / exactly between the lorry and the bus -
Iè„êKò£è ðv‚°‹ ñŸÁ‹ ô£K‚°‹ Þ¬ìJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
è£˜ ñŸÁ‹ ðv‚°
d. It is 2 meter between the car and the bus -
Þ¬ìJ™ 2 e†ì˜ Þ¬ìªõO Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: sth1 / sb1 comes bewteen sth2 / sb2 and sth3 /
sb3 - sth1 / sb1 Ýù¶ sth2 / sb2 ñŸÁ‹ sth3 / sb3 ‚° Þ¬ìJ™
Hó„ê¬ù¬ò ãŸð´ˆ¶Aø¶.
ÜõÂ‚°‹
e. The money comes between him and her -
ÜõÀ‚°‹ Þ¬ìJ™ ðíˆFù£™ Hó„ê¬ù ãŸðÁø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: between you and me - å¼
óèCò‹ àƒèÀ‚°‹
âù‚°‹ ñ†´‹ Þ¼‚è†´‹. Üî£õ¶ óèCòˆ¬î
ñŸøõ˜èOì‹ ªê£™ô£b˜èœ.
f. Üõœ Üõ¬ù
Between you and me, she killed him -
ªè£¡ÁM†ì£œ. Þ‰î óèCò‹ àƒèÀ‚°‹ âù‚°‹
ñ†´‹ Þ¼‚è†´‹.
45. Beyond
Meaning 1: å¼ Þìˆ¬î î£‡®»‹, å¼ °PŠH†ì è£ôˆFŸ°
ÜŠ¹øº‹ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶.
a. The cattle grazes beyond the river - è£™ï¬ìèœ ÝŸ¬øˆ
î£‡® «ñŒAø¶.
b. The road continues beyond the village - «ó£´ Aó£ñˆ¬î

î£‡® ªî£ì˜‰¶ ªê™Aø¶.
c. The ban is extended beyond 2008 - î¬ì 2008 ‚° ÜŠ¹øº‹
c†®‚èŠð†´œ÷¶.
d. He danced beyond the midnight - Üõ¡ ïœOó¾‚° ÜŠ¹øº‹
ïìùñ£®ù£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: sth1 / sb1 is beyond the reach / scope of sth2 /
sb2 - sth1 / sb1 Ýù¶ sth2 / sb2 ‚° â†ì£èQò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Üî£õ¶, sth1 / sb1 ä sth2 / sb2 Ý™ ÜÂðM‚è º®ò£î
G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. The luxury car is beyond the reach of the poor - ªê£°² è£˜
ã¬öèÀ‚° â†ì£‚èQò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: sth1 / sb1 is beyond the sth2 ( noun ) - sth1 / sb1
‚° sth2 M¡ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò º®ò£î G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. The car is beyond the repair - è£˜ ð¿¶ð£˜‚è º®ò£î
G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 3: sth1 / sb1 is beyond sth2 / sb2 - sth1 / sb1 ¬ò
sth2 / sb2 Mù£™ ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ º®òM™¬ô.
g. The problem is beyond him - Hó„ê¬ù¬ò Üõù£™
¹K‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ º®òM™¬ô.
46. Both
Meaning 1: Þ¼õ¼‹, Þ¼ ªð£¼œèÀ‹.
a. Both the apples / Both of the apples are good - Þó‡´
ÝŠHœèÀ‹ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. You both go to party - cƒèœ Þ¼õ¼‹ ð£˜†®‚°
ªê™½ƒèœ.
47. But
Meaning 1: Ýù£™, cƒèœ ºîL™ ªê£¡ù è¼ˆ¶‚° âF˜ñ£ø£è

Ü™ô¶ MòŠÌ†´‹ õ¬èJ™ ñŸªø£¼ è¼ˆ¬î‚ ÃÁõîŸ° but
õ¼‹.
ï£¡ ðìˆFŸ°
a. I like to go to movie. But, I have no money -
«ð£è M¼‹¹A«ø¡. Ýù£™, â¡Qì‹ ðí‹ Þ™¬ô.
Meaning 2: îMó, cƒè÷£è ( syn: except / apart from )
b. I can come any day but thursday - ï£¡ Mò£ö‚Aö¬ñ îMó
â‰î ï£À‹ õóº®»‹.
c. There is no one but me - â¡¬ù îMó ò£¼‹ Þ™¬ô.
48. By
Meaning 1: âî¡ Íôñ£è / â‰î º¬øJ™ / âŠð® / âF™ å¼ ªêò™

ïì‰î¶ â¡Á ÃÁõîŸ° by ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. I go by bus - ï£¡ ðvR™ ªê™A«ø¡.
b. I pay the money by DD - ï£¡ ®.® Íôñ£è ðí‹
ªê½ˆ¶A«ø¡.
c. He got the land by / through fight - Üõ˜ Gôˆ¬î ê‡¬ì
Íôñ£è ªðŸø£˜.
Meaning 2: ¹ˆîè‹, è¬î «ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ ò£˜ â¿Fò¶ â¡Á °P‚è
by ðò¡ðÁø¶.
d. The story is by Magesh - è¬î¬ò â¿Fòõ˜ ñ«èv Ýõ£˜.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ ð‚èõ£†®™ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼œ
Þ¼ŠðîŸ° by â¡Á ªð£¼œ. Üî£õ¶ Þ¶ å¼õK¡ ÞìŠð‚è‹
Ü™ô¶ õôŠð‚èˆ¬î °P‚°‹. ( syn: beside / next to )
e. He stands by the window - Üõ˜ èî¾‚° ð‚èõ£†®™
GŸAø£˜.
Meaning 4: å¼ °PŠH†ì «ïóˆFŸ°œ Ü™ô¶ ÜîŸ° º¡ù£®. (
syn: before / not later than )
f. You call me by 5 PM - cƒèœ ñ£¬ô 5 ñE‚°œ â¡¬ù
«ð£Q™ Ü¬ö»ƒèœ.
Meaning 5: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô Ü™ô¶ Ü÷¾ å¼ °PŠH†ì
Ü÷¾ °¬øAø¶.
g. The prics fall by Rs 3 - ªð£¼O¡ M¬ô 3 Ïð£Œ °¬øAø¶.
Meaning 6: å¡Á å¡ø£è, ªè£…ê‹ ªè£…êñ£è «ð£¡ø è¼ˆ¶è¬÷
°P‚Aø¶.
h. I eat little by little ( pat: adj by adj / noun by noun ) - ï£¡ ªè£…ê‹
ªè£…êñ£è ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
i. You do the work one by one - cƒèœ å¡Á å¡ø£è ( å‡μ
å‡í£ ) «õ¬ô¬ò ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
49. Down
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ W›ð°FJ™, W›«ï£‚Aò F¬êJ™ ( °PŠ¹:

under â¡ø£™ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ Ü®Šð°F ñŸÁ‹ å¼ ªð£¼O¡
Ü®J™ â¡Á ªð£¼œð´‹. )
a. The bathroom is down - °O‚°‹ Ü¬ø W›ð°FJ™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. The water comes down the tree - c˜ ñóˆFL¼‰¶ W›«ï£‚A
õ¼Aø¶.
c. He is down the hill - Üõ¡ ñ¬ôJ¡ Ü®Šð°FJ™
Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
d. He stands down below house - Üõ¡ W«ö Þ¼‚°‹ i†®¡
W›ð°FJ™ GŸAø£¡.
Meaning 2: å¼ ªð£¼œ Ü™ô¶ ªêòL¡ Ü÷¬õ °¬øõ£è
¬õ‚è¾‹.
e. Keep the car speed down - è£˜ «õèˆ¬î °¬øõ£è ¬õ‚è¾‹
Ü™ô¶ Ý‚è¾‹.
f. Turn the radio down - «ó®«ò£ êˆîˆ¬î °¬ø‚è¾‹.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªð£¼œ «õ¬ô ªêŒòM™¬ô Ü™ô¶ ÞòƒèM™¬ô.
g. The computer is down - è‹ŠÎ†ì˜ «õ¬ô„ ªêŒòM™¬ô.
h. He is down - Üõ¡ «ê£èñ£è Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: go down with sth1- å¼õ¼‚° sth1 â¡ø «ï£Œ
H®ˆF¼‚Aø¶.
i. He goes down with fever - Üõ¼‚° è£Œ„ê™ H®ˆF¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: down with sb / sth - sb / sth åNè â¡Á Ãø

ðò¡ðÁø¶.
j. Down with blue party - cô‚è†C åNè.
k. Down with him - Üõ˜ åNè.
50. Downwards
Meaning 1: W›«ï£‚Aò F¬êJ™
a. I looked downwards - ï£¡ W›«ï£‚Aò F¬êJ™ ð£˜ˆ«î¡.
51. Due to
ãªù¡ø£™ )
a. I do not come here due to fever ( pat: sent 1, due to sth ) -
è£Œ„êLù£™ ï£¡ Þƒ° õóM™¬ô. Þƒ° sth Ýù¶
è£óíˆ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. ( syn: because of / owing to )
52. During
Meaning 1: å¼ è£ôˆF¡ â™ô£ «ïóº‹ Ü™ô¶ å¼ è£ô‚è†ì‹
º¿õ¶‹, å¼ è£ô‚è†ìˆF¡ ã«î£ å¼ «ïóˆF™.
ðQ‚è£ô‹ º¿õ¶‹ ï£¡

a. During winter, I work as teacher -
ÝCKòó£è «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.
«ð£˜ ïì‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚°‹
b. He was killed during the war -
«ð£¶, Üõ¡ ªè£™ôŠð†ì£¡. ÞF™ «ð£˜ 12 ñ£î‹
ïì‚Aø¶ â¡Á ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œ«õ£‹. Ýîô£™ «ð£K¡
è£ô‚è†ì‹ 12 ñ£î‹ Ý°‹. Üõ˜ «ð£K™ ªè£™ôŠ
ð†ì¶ 12 ñ£îˆF™ ãî£õ¶ å¼ ñ£îˆ¬î °P‚°‹.
53. Each
Meaning 1: åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼À‹ / åšªõ£¼õ¼‹ / åšªõ£¡Á‹.

a. I have bottle in each hand ( syn: each and every / every ) - ï£¡
åšªõ£¼ ¬èJ½‹ ð£†®™ ¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡.
b. You write the name on each side of the paper - cƒèœ

è£AîˆF¡
åšªõ£¼ ð‚èˆF½‹ ªðò¬ó â¿¶ƒèœ. Üî£õ¶
è£AîˆF¡ Þó‡´ ð‚èƒèO½‹ ªðò¬ó â¿¶ƒèœ.
c. The apples each price is Rs 20 ( pat: noun-p, each noun verb sth
) - ÝŠHœèœ åšªõ£¡P¡ M¬ô 20 Ïð£Œ Ý°‹.
cƒèœ
d. You take two apples each / You each take two apples -
åšªõ£¼õ¼‹ Ü™ô¶ åšªõ£¼ˆî¼‹ Þó‡´
ÝŠHœè¬÷ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ. ( °PŠ¹: Þƒ°,
åšªõ£¼ ÝŠHœèœ â¡Á ªð£¼œªè£œ÷ Ãì£¶. )
e. I ask each of you - ï£¡ àƒèœ åšªõ£¼õKìº‹
«è†A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: each day / week / month - åšªõ£¼ ï£À‹ /
õ£óº‹ / ñ£îº‹.
f. I go to temple each month - ï£¡ åšªõ£¼ ñ£îº‹
«è£M½‚° ªê™A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: each other / one another - å¼ˆî¼‚° å¼ˆî˜,
å¡Á‚° å¡Á.
g. They scold each other - Üõ˜èœ å¼ˆî¼‚° å¼ˆî˜
F†®‚ªè£œAø£˜èœ.
54. Early
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ Ü¶ ïì‚èM¼‚°‹ «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ð£è«õ
ïì‚Aø¶ ( syn: ahead / earlier ), å¼ è£ô‚è†ìˆF¡ Ýó‹ð G¬ô
Ý°‹.
a. He arrived early / earlier - Üõ˜ º¡ð£è«õ õ‰¶ M†ì£˜
Ü™ô¶ õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î£˜.
Üõ˜ 10 GIì‹
b. He arrived 10 minutes early / earlier -
º¡ð£è«õ õ‰¶ M†ì£˜ Ü™ô¶ õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î£˜.
c. She came here early morning - Üõœ ÜFè£¬ôJ™ Þƒ°
õ‰î£œ Ü™ô¶ Üõœ è£¬ô â¡ø‚ è£ôè†ìˆF¡
Ýó‹ðˆF™ õ‰î£œ.
Phrase Meaning 1: It is too early to say that sent 1 / It is too early that
sent 1 - sent 1 - ¬ò °P‚°‹ ªêòô£ù¶ Üî¡ Ýó‹ð G¬ôJ™
Þ¼Šðî£™ Ü¬îŠðŸP ÞŠªð£¿¶ å¡Á‹ Ü™ô¶ ªîOõ£è
ªê£™ô º®ò£¶.
Üõ˜ è£˜
d. It is eary to say that he will win the car race -
ð‰îòˆF™ ªõŸP ªðÁõ£˜ â¡Á ÞŠªð£¿¶ ªîOõ£è
ªê£™ô º®ò£¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: It is early days yet - Þ¶ Þ¡Â‹ Ýó‹ð
G¬ôJ™ î£¡ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Ýîô£™ ªê£™½õîŸ° å¡Á‹
Þ™¬ô.
55. Either
Meaning 1: Þó‡´ ªð£¼œèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡Á. Üî£õ¶ Þ¶ Ü™ô¶
Ü¶.
cƒèœ ÝŠHœ Ü™ô¶
a. You eat either apple or orange -
Ýó…C™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø ê£ŠH´ƒèœ.
cƒèœ ¹ˆîèƒèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø
b. You take either books -
â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ. ( syn: you take any of the books - cƒèœ
â‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ô£‹. )
Meaning 2: cƒèœ ªê£™½‹ âF˜ñ¬øò£ù õ£‚Aò‹ âù‚°‹
ªð£¼‰¶‹. Üî£õ¶ âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ôî£¡.
c. I don’t eat yet. Me either / I don’t either / Me too - ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹
ê£ŠHìM™¬ô. âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ôî£¡ / ï£Â‹ î£¡.
d. I can’t swim. Me either - âù‚° c‰î ªîKò£¶. âù‚°‹ î£¡.
Þ¼ ªêò™èO™ cƒèœ â¬î
Phrase Meaning 1: either way -
ªêŒî£½‹ M¬÷¾ å«ó ñ£FKò£è Þ¼‚°‹.
cƒèœ èP
e. You eat meat or bean, either way you get protein -
Ü™ô¶ d¡ ê£ŠH´ƒèœ. Þó‡®½‹ Ü™ô¶ Þó‡®™
â¬î ê£ŠH†ì£½‹ cƒèœ ¹«ó£†®¡ ªðøô£‹.
å¼ ªêòL¡ M¬÷¾
Phrase Meaning 2: could go either way -
âŠð® «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ Þ¼‚èô£‹. Üî£õ¶ ï™ôî£è¾‹
Þ¼‚èô£‹ Ü™ô¶ ªè†ìî£è¾‹ Þ¼‚èô£‹.
f. The cricket match is between India and England. The match could
go either way - AK‚ªè† «ð£†® Þ‰Fò£¾‚°‹
ÞƒAô£‰¶‚°‹ Þ¬ìJ™ ïì‚Aø¶. «ð£†®J¡ M¬÷¾
âŠð® «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ Þ¼‚èô£‹. Üî£õ¶, «ð£†®J™
ò£˜ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ ªõŸPŠªðøô£‹.
56. Else
Meaning 1: «õÁ â¡ø ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹. Þ¶ anything, something,
everything, anyone, someone, everyone, anywhere, somewhere,
everywhere, nothing, no one, nowhere «ð£¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀìÂ‹
ñŸÁ‹ «èœM õ£˜ˆ¬îèÀìÂ‹ «ê˜‰¶ õ¼‹. ( °PŠ¹: anything
else - «õÁ ãî£õ¶, something else - «õÁ ãî£õ¶, everything else
- «õÁ åšªõ£¡Á‹ / ñŸø¶ åšªõ£¡Á‹ / ñŸø¶ â™ô£‹, anyone
else - «õÁ ò£ó£õ¶, someone else - «õÁ ò£ó£õ¶, everyone else -
«õÁ åšªõ£¼õ¼‹ / ñŸø â™ô£¼‹ , anywhere else - «õÁ
âƒ«èò£õ¶, somewhere else - «õÁ âƒ«èò£õ¶, everwhere else -
«õÁ åšªõ£¼ ÞìˆF½‹ / ñŸø åšªõ£¼ ÞìˆF½‹ / ñŸø â™ô£
ÞìˆF½‹, nothing else - «õÁ â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô, no one else - «õÁ
ò£¼‹ Þ™¬ô, nowhere else - «õÁ âƒ«è»‹ Þ™¬ô ).
a. I eat something else - ï£¡ «õÁ ãî£õ¶ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
b. I eat anything else ( I like ) - ï£¡ ( âù‚° H®ˆî ) «õÁ ãî£õ¶
ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
c. I have nothing else - â¡Qì‹ «õÁ â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô.
d. Who else will come here? - «õÁ ò£˜ Þƒ° õ¼õ£˜?
Meaning 2: Ü¬î ªêŒ Þ™¬ôªò¡ø£™ Þ¶ ïì‚°‹.
e. You study now, or else, you will fail ( syn: sent1, or else, sent2 ) -
cƒèœ ÞŠªð£¿¶ ð®»ƒèœ. Þ™¬ôªò¡ø£™ /
Þ™¬ôªòQ™, cƒèœ ªðJô£AMí˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: what else can I / sb do / say ? - «õÁ â¡ù
ï£¡ ªêŒõ¶ Ü™ô¶ ªê£™õ¶?
f. Do you sell your land? What else can I do? I have no money -
cƒèœ àƒèÀ¬ìò Gôˆ¬î MŸAl˜è÷£? «õÁ â¡ù ï£¡
ªêŒò º®»‹? â¡Qì‹ ðí‹ â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô.
57. Elsewhere
Meaning 1: «õÁ âƒ«èò£õ¶, ñŸøŠð°FèO™

a. Shall we go elsewhere / anywhere else? - ï£‹ «õÁ
âƒ«èò£õ¶ «ð£èôñ£?
b. Tamil Nadu villages have best bus facilities than elsewhere in India
- îI› ï£†®™ Þ¼‚°‹ Aó£ñƒèœ Þ‰Fò£M¡
ñŸøŠð°Fè¬÷‚ ( ñŸøŠð°FèO™ Þ¼‚°‹ Aó£ñƒè¬÷)
è£†®½‹ ï™ô ðv õêFèÀì¡ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
58. Enough
Meaning 1: «ð£¶‹, «ð£¶ñ£ù¶, «ð£¶ñ£ù, «ð£¶ñ£ù Ü÷¾. Þ¶

Verb ñŸÁ‹ Noun ¬ò I¬èŠð´ˆ¶‹.
«èó†´èœ «ð£¶ñ£ù Ü÷¾
a. Carrots are cooked enough -
«õè ¬õˆ¶ ê¬ñ‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶. Þƒ° enough Ýù¶
cooked â¡ø M¬ù¬ò I¬èŠð´ˆ¶Aø¶.
«ð£¶ñ£ù Ü÷¾ «èó†´èœ
b. Enough carrots are cooked -
ê¬ñ‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶. Þƒ° enough Ýù¶ carrots â¡ø
ªðò˜„ªê£™¬ô I¬èŠð´ˆ¶Aø¶.
c. Carrots are good enough - «èó†´èœ «ð£¶ñ£ù Ü÷¾‚°
d. I don’t have enough money - â¡Qì‹ «ð£¶ñ£ù Ü÷MŸ°
ðí‹ Þ™¬ô.
e. This is enough for me - Þ¶ âù‚° «ð£¶ñ£ù¶.
f. The car is enough to go for Delhi ( pat: enough to do sth ) -
ªì™L ªê™õîŸ° è£˜ «ð£¶ñ£ù¶ Ý°‹.
59. Even
Meaning 1: å¼õ¼‚° Fø¬ñ Iè °¬øõ£è Þ¼‰¶‹ Ãì Þ‰î

ªêòL™ ªõŸP ªðŸÁM†ì£˜ â¡Á MòŠð£è ÃÁõîŸ°‹, å¼õ¼‚°
Fø¬ñ Iè ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‰¶‹ Üõ˜ Þ‰î ªêòL™ «î£™M Ü¬ì‰¶
M†ì£˜ â¡Á MòŠð£è ÃÁõîŸ°‹, ï™ô Å›G¬ôJ™ Ãì å¼
ªêò¬ô ªêŒò º®òM™¬ô â¡Á MòŠð£è ÃÁõîŸ°‹, è®ùñ£ù
Å›G¬ôJ™ Ãì å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒî£˜ â¡Á MòŠð£è
ÃÁõîŸ°‹, ¬õ‚èÃì£î ÞìˆF™ Ãì å¼õ˜ å¼ ªð£¼¬÷
¬õˆF¼‚Aø£˜ â¡Á MòŠð£è ÃÁõîŸ°‹ even
Üõ˜ Ãì «î˜M™ «î˜„C
a. Even he passed the exam -
ªðŸÁM†ì£˜. Üî£õ¶, Þõªù™ô£‹ ðK„¬êJô ð£v
ð‡EM†ì£¡ â¡Á MòŠð£è ÃÁõ¶ Ý°‹.
G¬øò
b. Many students failed in exam. Even a good student failed -
ñ£íõ˜èœ «î˜M™ îõPM†ì£˜èœ. ÜF™ å¼ ï™ô
ñ£íõÂ‹ Ãì ªðJô£A M†ì£¡.
c. I can’t read the book even in the good light - ï™ô
ªõO„êˆF™
Ãì â¡ù£™ ¹ˆîèˆ¬î ð®‚è º®òM™¬ô.
d. There was a flight crash. Even he didn’t die - Mñ£ù Mðˆ¶
ïì‰î¶. ÜF½‹ Ãì Üõ˜ ê£èM™¬ô.
Üõœ ®.M
e. She has TV in hall. Even she has TV in bath room -
ý£L™ ¬õˆF¼‚Aø£œ. Üõœ ð£ˆÏI™ Ãì ®.M
¬õˆF¼‚Aø£œ.
Meaning 2: Þ¶ adjective Ýè õ¼‹«ð£¶ êññ£ù ñŸÁ‹ êñî÷ñ£ù
«ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèO™ õ¼‹. adjective Ýù¶ ªðò˜„ªê£™¬ô
I¬èŠð´ˆ¶‹.
f. The floor is even - î¬ó êññ£è Ü™ô¶ êñî÷ñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
60. Eventually
Meaning 1: è¬ìCJ™, ÞÁFò£è. Üî£õ¶ Cô è£ôƒèœ èNˆ¶
ÞÁFò£è å¼ ªêò™ ïìŠð¬î °P‚Aø¶. ( syn: lastly / at the end /
finally )
Üõ¡ è¬ìCJ™ Ü™ô¶
a. He eventually escaped from the jail -
ÞÁFò£è ªüJL™ Þ¼‰¶ îŠHˆ¶ æ®M†ì£¡.
b. Eventually, I got the job - ÞÁFò£è ( ðô «ð£ó£†ìˆFŸ°
Hø° ) ÜõÂ‚° «õ¬ô‚ A¬ìˆî¶.
61. Ever
Meaning 1: nothing ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬øòŸø õ£‚AòƒèO™ ever

õ¼‹«ð£¶ âŠªð£¿¶‹ â¡ø ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹. if, âF˜ñ¬ø
õ£‚Aòƒèœ, ñŸÁ‹ «õŸÁ¬ñ õ£‚AòƒèO™ ever õ¼‹«ð£¶
âŠªð£¿î£õ¶ â¡ø ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
a. Nothing ever happens here - â¶¾‹ âŠªð£¿¶‹ Þƒ°

ïì‚èM™¬ô.
cƒèœ âŠªð£¿î£õ¶
b. Have you ever been to London? -
ô‡ì¡ «ð£J†´ õ‰F¼‚Al˜è÷£?
c. cƒèœ
If you are ever in Salem, you come to my house -
âŠªð£¿î£õ¶ «êôˆF™ Þ¼‰î£™ Ü™ô¶ «êôˆFŸ°
õ‰î£™, cƒèœ âƒèÀ¬ìò i†´‚° õ£¼ƒèœ.
d. I like you for ever ( syn: for ever / forever / always / for all time ) -
ï£¡ âŠªð£¿¶‹ àƒè¬÷ M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
e. Nothing lasts for ever - â¶¾‹ âŠªð£¿¶‹ ªî£ì˜‰¶
c®‚è£¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: hardly ever - Ü®‚è® Þ™¬ô
f. I hardly ever go out - ï£¡ Ü®‚è® ªõOJ™ ªê™ô
ñ£†«ì¡.
62. Every
Meaning 1: åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼À‹. ( °PŠ¹: Þî¡ ªð£¼À‹ ñŸÁ‹

each-J¡ ªð£¼À‹ å¡Áî£¡. every âŠªð£¿¶‹ noun-¾ ì¡ î£¡
¾ì¡
«ê˜‰¶ õ¼‹. Ýù£™ each G¬øò õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èO™ õ¼‹. )
åšªõ£¼ °ö‰¬î»‹
a. Every child should drink water -
è‡®Šð£è î‡a˜ °®‚è «õ‡´‹.
b. They see each other every day / daily - Üõ˜èœ å¼ˆî¼‚°
å¼ˆî˜ åšªõ£¼ ï£À‹ / Fùº‹ ð£˜ˆ¶‚ ªè£œAø£˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: every time / whenever - âŠªð£¿ªî™ô£‹
å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒAl˜è«÷£ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø«î£,
ÜŠ«ð£¶ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶, ñŸÁ‹ åšªõ£¼

º¬ø»‹ â¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
c. The roof leaks every time / whenever it rains - âŠªð£¿ªî™ô£‹
ñ¬öŠ ªðŒAø«î£, ÜŠ«ð£¶ Ã¬ó å¿°Aø¶.
åšªõ£¼ º¬ø»‹
d. Every time I go to temple, I see the tree -
ï£¡ «è£M½‚° ªê™½‹ Ü™ô¶ «ð£°‹ «ð£¶, ï£¡
ñóˆ¬î ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
Þ¬ìJ™ å¼ ï£œ M†´ M†´
Phrase Meaning 2: every other -
Ü™ô¶ å¼ ï£œ M†´ å¼ ï£œ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõîŸ° Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
ï£¡ «î£†ìˆFŸ° å¼
e. I water the garden every other day -
ï£œ M†´ å¼ ï£œ î‡a˜ ð£Œ„²A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: every last drop / bit / scrap etc - è¬ìC ¶O /
¶‡´ / HCÁ Þ¼‚°‹ õ¬ó.
f. The company sucks every last drop of blood from labor - è‹ðQ
ªî£Nô£÷˜èOìI¼‰¶ Þóˆî¬î è¬ìC ªê£†´
Þ¼‚°‹ õ¬ó àP…²Aø¶. Üî£õ¶, ÜFè «õ¬ô õ£ƒA‚
ªè£‡´ °¬øõ£ù ê‹ð÷‹ ªè£´‚Aø¶.
63. Everybody / Everyone
Meaning 1: åšªõ£¼ˆî¼‹ / åšªõ£¼õ¼‹ / â™«ô£¼‹. ( syn:

every person / each person )
a. Everyone enjoys the movie - åšªõ£¼õ¼‹ CQñ£ ðìˆ¬î

ê‰«î£êñ£è ð£˜ˆ¶ óC‚Aø£˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: everyone knows / well known - å¼ Mêò‹
â™«ô£¼‚°‹ ªîK‰î¶î£¡.
b. Everyone knows that he is a thief / It is well known that he is a
thief - Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡ â¡ð¶ â™«ô£¼‚°‹ ªîK‰î
Mêò‹ Ý°‹.
64. Everything
Meaning 1: åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼À‹ / åšªõ£¡Á‹ / â™ô£‹

â™ô£ˆ¬î»‹ ( syn: each / every + noun = everything )
åšªõ£¡Á‹ Ü™ô¶
a. Everthing is covered in the bag -
åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼À‹ ¬ðJ™ Í® ¬õ‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
b. I tell him everything - ï£¡ ÜõQì‹ â™ô£ˆ¬î»‹
ªê£™A«ø¡.
c. â™ô£‹ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶
Everything is fine -
â™ô£‹ ï¡ø£èŠ «ð£Œ‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶. Þ¬î âŠ«ð£¶
cƒèœ ªê£™i˜èœ â¡ø£™ å¼õ˜ àƒèOì‹ “àƒèœ
«õ¬ô Ü™ô¶ ªî£N™ âŠð® ïì‚Aø¶” â¡ø «èœM¬ò
«è†°‹ «ð£¶ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: sth1 is / means everything to sb1 - õ£›‚¬èJ™
sb1-‚° sth1-î£¡ º‚Aò‹.
d. Money is not everything to me - âù‚° õ£›‚¬èJ™ ðí‹
ñ†´‹ º‚Aò‹ A¬ìò£¶.
âù‚° õ£›‚¬èJ™
e. My work means everything to me -
â¡Â¬ìò «õ¬ô ñ†´‹ î£¡ º‚Aò‹.
65. Everywhere
Meaning 1: â™ô£ ÞìˆF½‹ / åšªõ£¼ ÞìˆF½‹ / â™ô£

Þìˆ¶‚°‹
a. I searched the purse everywhere - ï£¡ â™ô£ ÞìˆF½‹
ð˜¬êˆ «î®«ù¡.
ï£¡
b. I travelled everywhere in Europe ( pat: everywhere in ) -
ä«ó£Šð£M¡ â™ô£Šð°FèÀ‚°‹ ðòí‹ ªêŒ«î¡.
66. Except
Meaning 1: cƒèô£è, îMó ( syn: apart from, but ) ( °PŠ¹: apart from
Þ¼ ªð£¼œè¬÷ ªè£‡´œ÷¶. Üî£õ¶, except ñŸÁ‹ besides )
è¬ì
a. The shop is open everyday except sunday -
ë£JŸÁ‚Aö¬ñ îMó â™ô£ ï£À‹ Ü™ô¶ Fùº‹
Fø‚èŠð´‹.
b. The students are good except that they make more noise ( pat:
sent1, except that, sent2 ) - ñ£íõ˜èœ ÜFè êˆî‹
«ð£´õ¬î îMó Üõ˜èœ ï™ôõ˜èœ. ( other pat: a. sent1,
except to sth; b. sent1, except in sth )
67. Far
Meaning 1: Þ¶ adjective õ£è ªêò™ðÁø¶. far - farther / further -

farthest / furthest «ð£¡ø¬õèœ adjective- M¡ ðôõ¬èò£ù
õ®õƒèœ Ý°‹. å¼ ªð£¼œ ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶, å¼ Þì‹
ÞƒA¼‰¶ Ièˆ ªî£¬ôM™ àœ÷¶, âšõ÷¾ ªî£¬ôM™ å¡Á
Þ¼‚Aø¶ «ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
a. He is far - Üõ˜ ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.

b. He is far from home - Üõ˜ i†®L¼‰¶ ªî£¬ôM™
Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
c. He went far - Üõ˜ ªî£¬ôMŸ° Ü™ô¶ ÜFè Éó‹ ªê¡Á
M†ì£˜.
d. How far is salem? / How far is it to Salem? - «êô‹ âšõ÷¾
ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶?
e. He far is Salem from the Erode? - «êô‹ ß«ó£†®L¼‰¶
âšõ÷¾ ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶?
Phrase Meaning 1: so far / until now / upto now / thus far -
Þ¶õ¬ó‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ Þ¶õ¬óJ™
f. So far, I did not borrow any money - Þ¶õ¬ó‚°‹ ï£¡ â‰îŠ
ðíº‹ èì¡ õ£ƒèM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 2: as far as sth is concerned / according to sth -
sth¬ò ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó.
g. As far as money is concerned, there is no problem - ðíˆ¬î
ªð£Áˆîõ¬ó‚°‹ â‰îŠ Hó„ê¬ù»‹ Þ™¬ô.
68. Fast
Meaning 1: Þ¶ M¬ù¬ò»‹, ªðò˜„ªê£™¬ô»‹ I¬èŠð´ˆ¶‹.
fast - faster - fastest «ð£¡ø¬õèœ adjective-M¡ ðôõ¬èò£ù
õ®õƒèœ Ý°‹. Þ¶ «õèñ£ù, «õèñ£è â¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡
õ¼Aø¶.
a. He walks fast - Üõ¡ «õèñ£è ïì‚Aø£¡.
Üõ¡ óJ™ âšõ÷¾ «õèñ£è
b. He runs as fast as train -
æÁø«î£ Üšõ÷¾ «õè‹ æÁø£¡. Üî£õ¶, óJ™
«õèñ£è æÁø¶. Ü«î Ü÷¾‚° Üõ¡ æÁø£¡.
c. Þ¶ «õèñ£ù è£˜ Ý°‹. Üî£õ¶,
This is a fast car -
«õèñ£è ªê™ô‚Ã®ò è£˜ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: I am in fast - ï£¡ Móî‹ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
69. Following
Meaning 1: Ü´ˆ¶ õ¼‹ ªêŒF, ªð£¼œ, ñŸÁ‹ ðô. ( syn: next ),
W›è‡ì è¼ˆ¶ ( Þ¶ ¹ˆîèˆF™ ÜFèñ£è õ¼‹ ), å¼ ªêò½‚°Š
Hø° Þ¡ªù£¼ ªêò™ ïì‚°‹.
«ïŸÁ âù‚°
a. I had fever yesterday. The following day I was fine -
è£Œ„ê™ Ü®ˆî¶. Ü´ˆî ï£œ ï£¡ ïôñ£è Þ¼‰«î¡.
b. You use the following methods for the payment: DD and cash -
cƒèœ W›è‡ì º¬øè¬÷ ðí‹ ªê½ˆ¶õîŸ°
ðò¡ð´ˆî¾‹: ®.® ñŸÁ‹ ðí‹.
c. Following the lecture, students can ask question ( pat: following
sth1, sent1, Üî£õ¶ sth1 - ‚°Š Hø° sent1 ïì‚°‹ ) - ð£ì‹
ïìˆFòŠ Hø°, ñ£íõ˜èœ «èœM‚ «è†èô£‹.
«ð£¼‚°Š Hø°
d. People left the country following the war -
ñ‚èœ ï£†¬ì M†´ ªõO«òPù£˜èœ.
70. For
Meaning 1: Þ‰îŠ ªð£¼œ Þõ¼‚è£è Ü™ô¶ Þõ¼‚°ˆî£¡. å¼
ªêòL¡ «ï£‚èˆ¬î °PŠHÁø¶, å¼ ªêò™ âšõ÷¾ «ïó‹
Ü™ô¶ è£ô‹ ïì‚Aø¶ «ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
a. The car is for you - è£˜ àƒèÀ‚°ˆî£¡ Ü™ô¶ àƒèÀ‚è£è

Ý°‹.
b. The gift is for you - ðK² àƒèÀ‚°ˆî£¡.
c. The battery is for radio - «ð†ìK «ó®ò£¾‚°î£¡.
d. I work for earning money ( pat: for doing sth ) - ï£¡ ðí‹
ê‹ð£FŠðîŸ° «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡. ( syn: I work to get money
( pat: to do sth ) )
e. I study for 10 hours ( pat: for + total time ) - ï£¡ ðˆ¶ ñE
«ïó‹ ð®‚A«ø¡.
f. I do not sleep for 3 hours - ï£¡ Í¡Á ñE «ïóñ£è
ÉƒèM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: for each / every - åšªõ£¼ ªð£¼À‚°‹
Ü™ô¶ åšªõ£¼ ªêò½‚°‹.
g. For each mistake, you will loose 2 marks - åšªõ£¼ îŠHŸ°‹,
cƒèœ Þó‡´ ñFŠªð‡è¬÷ ÞöŠd˜èœ.
h. For each fruit you buy, you will get lemon free - åšªõ£¼
ðö‹
cƒèœ õ£ƒ°õîŸ°, cƒèœ â½I„¬ê¬ò Þôõêñ£è
ªðÁi˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 2: for sb - å¼õ¼‚°Š ðFô£è Þ¡ªù£¼õ˜
å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõ¶ ( syn: instead of / act for / on behalf of )
ñŸÁ‹ å¼ ªð£¼À‚°Š ðFô£è Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼œ / å¼
ªð£¼¬÷ ªè£´ˆ¶M†´ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼¬÷ ªðÁõ¶
«ð£¡ø ªð£¼œè¬÷ î¼‹. ( syn: exchange / in return )
i. ï£¡ àƒèÀ‚°Š ðFô£è
I attend the meeting for you -
Ã†ìˆF™ èô‰¶‚ªè£œA«ø¡.
j. I get gold chain for TV - ï£¡
®M‚° ðFô£è Ü™ô¶ ®M¬ò‚
ªè£´ˆ¶M†´ îƒè„ ªêJ¡ ªðÁA«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: work for + company name - å¼õ˜ å¼
è‹ðQJ™ «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜.
k. I work for NLRC - ï£¡ â¡ â™ Ý˜ C J™ «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.
71. From
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò½‚° âƒA¼‰¶ â¡ø «èœM‚° ðFôO‚è

from ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. I come from Salem - ï£¡ «êôˆFL¼‰¶ õ¼A«ø¡ ( =
âƒA¼‰¶ + õ¼Aø£Œ ).
b. The road is from Chennai - «ó£´ ªê¡¬ùJL¼‰¶ õ¼Aø¶.
c. i´
The house is near ( the main road from Chennai ) -
ªê¡¬ùJL¼‰¶ õ¼‹ ªñJ¡ «ó£†´‚° Ü¼A™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 2: å¼ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ Þ¡ªù£¼ ÞìˆFŸ° âšõ÷¾ Éó‹,
å¼ ªêò™ âŠªð£¿¶ Ü™ô¶ â‰î «ïóˆF™ Ýó‹H‚èŠð†ì¶,
Þ¶ â¡Â¬ìò ªê£‰î á˜ «ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
d. My house is 20 km from Salem - â¡Â¬ìò i´ «êôˆFL¼‰¶
20 A«ô£ e†ì˜ ÉóˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. We started the work from / in 2005 - ï£ƒèœ
«õ¬ô¬ò 2005 ™
Ýó‹Hˆ«î£‹ Ü™ô¶ ªî£ìƒA«ù£‹.
f. ï£ƒèœ «ð£ù
We paint the house from last month -
ñ£îˆFL¼‰¶ i†´‚° ªðJ¡† Ü®‚A«ø£‹.
ï£¡ ªê¡¬ù¬ò «ê˜‰îõ¡ Ü™ô¶
g. I am from Chennai -
â¡ ªê£‰î á˜ ªê¡¬ù Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: from ... to ... - å¼
ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ Þ¡ªù£¼
Þì‹ õ¬ó, å¼ «ïóˆFL¼‰¶ Þ¡ªù£¼ «ïó‹ õ¬ó.
h. It is 360 km from Salem to Chennai ( pat: It is sth1 from sth2 to
sth3 ) - «êôˆFL¼‰¶ ªê¡¬ù‚° 360 A«ô£ e†ì˜ Ý°‹.
i. I worked from June to December - ï£¡ pQL¼‰¶ ®ê‹ð˜
õ¬ó «õ¬ô ªêŒ«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: from now on - ÞŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶, from then
on - ÜŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶,
j. I start the work from now on - ï£¡ ÞŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶
«õ¬ô¬ò ªî£ìƒ°A«ø¡.
k. ï£¡
I worked in the company. From then on, I wore shoes -
è‹ðQJ™ «õ¬ô ªêŒ«î¡. ÜŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶ ï£¡
è£ôEè¬÷ ÜE‰«î¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: time + from now / in / by / within - å¼ °PŠH†ì
è£ôˆFŸ°œ.
l. I finish the work 10 days from now / in 10 days / by 10 days / within
10 days - ï£¡ 10 ï£†èÀ‚°œ «õ¬ô¬ò º®‚A«ø¡. (
°PŠ¹: 10 days later / 10 days after â¡ø£™ 10 ï£†èœ
èNˆ¶ Ü™ô¶ 10 ï£†èÀ‚°Š Hø° ).
72. Hereafter
Meaning 1: ÞŠ«ð£FL¼‰¶ Ü™ô¶ ÞQ«ñ™
a. I eat mutton hereafter - ï£¡ ÞQ«ñ™ ñ†ì¡ ê£ŠH´«õ¡.

Phrase Meaning 1: Cognitive Spoken English (hereafter CSP) -
¹ˆîèˆF™ Ü´ˆ¶ õ¼‹ ðˆFèO™ «è£AQ†®š v«ð£‚è¡
ÞƒALv ²¼‚èñ£è C.âv.H â¡Á Ü¬ö‚èŠð´‹.
73. Hereby
Meaning 1: âù«õ, Ýîô£™. Þ¶ å¼ ªêòL¡ M¬÷¬õ °P‚Aø¶.

Þ¶ ê†ì‹ «ð£¡ø Å›G¬ôèO™ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶.
a. I don’t like the job. I hereby resign the job - âù‚° «õ¬ô
H®‚èM™¬ô. âù«õ ï£¡ «õ¬ô¬ò ó£pù£ñ£
ªêŒA«ø¡. ( syn: as a result / so that / thus / hence )
74. Herein
Meaning 1: Þ‰î Å›G¬ôJ™ / Þ‰î ÞìˆF™ / Þƒ«è.

Þƒ«è
a. The information given herein / here is very important -
Ü™ô¶ Þ‰î Å›G¬ôJ™ ªè£´‚èŠð†ì Ü™ô¶
ÃøŠð†ì Mêò‹ Iè¾‹ º‚Aòñ£ù¶ Ý°‹.
75. Herewith
Meaning 1: Þ‰î è®îˆ¶ì¡ Ü™ô¶ Þ‰î ÝõíƒèÀì¡ /

ÞîÂì¡.
ï£¡ M‡íŠð
a. I have enclosed a application form herewith -
ð®õˆ¬î Þ‰î è®îˆ¶ì¡ Þ¬íˆF¼‚A«ø¡. Þ‰î
õ£‚Aòˆ¬î cƒèœ ÜFèñ£è è®îƒèO™ ð£˜‚èô£‹.
76. How
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ âŠð® / âšõ£Á ïì‚Aø¶ â¡ø «èœM¬ò‚

«è†è how ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. How do you eat? - cƒèœ âŠð® ê£ŠHÁl˜èœ?

b. How can I help you? - àƒèÀ‚° ï£¡ âŠð® àîM ªêŒõ¶?
c. How to open the box? ( pat: how to do sth ) - âŠð® ªð†®¬ò
FøŠð¶ â¡Á ªê£™½ƒèœ.
Þò‰Fóˆ¬î
d. Please explain how to operate the machine? -
âŠð® Þò‚°õ¶ â¡Á îò¾ªêŒ¶ MõK»ƒèœ.
e. How to go to the theatre? / How to reach the theatre? -
F«ò†ì¼‚° âŠð® ªê™õ¶? Ü™ô¶ F«ò†ì¬ó âŠð®
Ü¬ìõ¶?
Meaning 2: how + adjective / adverb = âšõ÷¾ + adjective / adverb
- M¡ ªð£¼œ.
f. How fast you walk? / How fast do you walk? - âšõ÷¾ «õè‹
cƒèœ ïì‚Al˜èœ?
g. How old are you? - àƒèÀ‚° âšõ÷¾ õò¶?
âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ cƒèœ ïì‚Al˜èœ?
h. How long you walk? -
Ü™ô¶ âšõ÷¾ «ïó‹ cƒèœ ïì‚Al˜èœ?
Phrase Meaning 1: How many - âˆî¬ù, How much - âšõ÷¾.
i. How many cards do you have? / How many cards you have? -
âˆî¬ù Ü†¬ìèœ cƒèœ ¬õˆF¼‚Al˜èœ?
j. How much is the price? - âšõ÷¾ M¬ô?

k. How much it rained? - ñ¬ö âšõ÷¾ ªðŒî¶?
Phrase Meaning 2: How are you? I am fine. Thanks. How about
you? - å¼õ˜ àƒèOì‹ How are you â¡Á‚ «è†ì£™ cƒèœ
ï£¡ ªê÷èKòñ£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡ ( I am fine ). I‚è ï¡P ( Thanks
). cƒèœ âŠð® Þ¼‚Al˜èœ? ( how about you ) â¡Á ªê£™ô
«õ‡´‹. ( °PŠ¹: àƒè¬÷ Mì õòF™ ÍˆîõKì‹ cƒèœ
âŠð® Þ¼‚Al˜èœ â¡Á «è†è How do you do?
ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶. )
Phrase Meaning 3: How is / was sth? - sth âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø¶ /
Þ¼‰î¶?
l. How is the food? - àí¾ âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø¶?
m. How is that? - Ü¶ âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø¶?
Phrase Meaning 4: How come - å¼
ªêò™ ïì‰îîŸ° ã¡ Ü™ô¶
âŠð® ïì‰î¶ â¡Á cƒèœ Ý„CKòˆ¶ì¡ «è†ð¶ Ý°‹.
n. How come I missed the purse? - âŠð® ï£¡ ð˜¬ê
îõøM†«ì¡?
o. How come you are here - Þƒè âŠð® cƒèœ Þ¼‚Al˜èœ?
Phrase Meaning 5: How can / could sb do sth? - sb Ýùõ˜ âŠð®
â¡ø do ªêò¬ô ªêŒòô£‹?
p. How can you say like this? - cƒèœ âŠð® â¡Qì‹ Ü¶
ñ£FK ªê£™ôô£‹?
q. How can you drive the car? - cƒèœ âŠð® è£¬ó æ†ìô£‹?
Phrase Meaning 6: How about if sent1 ? - sent1 - ¬ò °P‚°‹
ªêò™ ïì‰î£™ â¡ù ªêŒòô£‹?
r. How about if he quit the job now ? - Üõ˜ «õ¬ô¬ò M†ì£™
â¡ù ªêŒòô£‹?
Phrase Meaning 7: How dare you ( to ) do sth ? - do - â¡ø ªêò¬ô
ªêŒò àƒèÀ‚° â¡ù ¬îKò‹?
s. How dare you scold him ? - cƒèœ Ü™ô¶ àƒèÀ‚° Üõ¬ó
F†´õîŸ° â¡ù ¬îKò‹?
77. However
Meaning 1: Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹ / Ýù£™, Üî£õ¶ cƒèœ ºîL™ ªê£¡ù

è¼ˆ¶‚° âF˜ñ¬øò£ù Ü™ô¶ °¬øð´ˆF ñŸªø£¼ è¼ˆ¬î
ÃÁõîŸ° however ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. Singapore is a well developed city. However the cost of living is
high there ( pat: sent 1, However sent 2 ) - CƒèŠÌ˜ ï¡°
õ÷˜„Cò¬ì‰î ïèó‹. Þ¼‰î«ð£F½‹ Ü™ô¶ Ýù£™,
Üƒ«è M¬ôõ£C ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ( °PŠ¹: However
¾ì¡ õ¼‹ õ£‚Aò‹ âF˜ñ¬øò£ù è¼ˆ¬î °P‚°‹ )
( syn: but / though / while / however / neverthless / yet / on the
other hand / whereas )
Meaning 2: however + adjective / adverb = adjective / adverb - M¡
ªð£¼œ âšõ÷¾ Ýè Þ¼‰î£½‹. ( syn: no matter how + adjective
or adverb / whatever )
b. I do this work, however hard it is / I do this work, no matter how
hard it is / I do this work, whatever it is hard - âšõ÷¾ è®ùñ£è
Þ¼‰î£½‹ ï£¡ Þ‰î «õ¬ô¬ò ªêŒA«ø¡.
c. I buy this car however much it costs - âšõ÷¾ M¬ôò£ù£½‹
ï£¡ Þ‰î è£¬ó õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.
78. In
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ âƒ° / âƒ«è / âF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ â¡Á

ÃÁõîŸ°‹, å¼ ªêò™ âƒ° / âƒ«è / âF™ ïì‚Aø¶ â¡Á
ÃÁõîŸ°‹ in ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶. Þ¶ ªðKò ðóŠð÷M™ å¼
ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î °P‚è¾‹, å¼ ªð†® «ð£¡ø ªð£¼O™ å¼
ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¬î»‹ °P‚Aø¶. ( °PŠ¹: àƒèÀ‚° at ñŸÁ‹ in-™
â¬î ðò¡ð´ˆ¶õ¶ â¡ø ê‰«îè‹ õ‰î£™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶ƒèœ. å¼õ˜ âƒ«è ªê™Aø£˜ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªð£¼œ âƒ«è
ªê™Aø¶ â¡Á °PŠHì to ðò¡ðÁø¶ )
a. The sugar is in the bottle - ê˜‚è¬ó ð£†®L™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. He is in Salem - Üõ¡ «êôˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
c. He sits in the chair - Üõ˜ «êK™ à†è£˜‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
d. I read that in the newspaper - ï£¡ Ü¬î ªêŒFˆî£O™

ð®ˆ«î¡.
Meaning 2: ñ£îƒèO¡ ªðò˜, õ¼ì‹, è£ôG¬ô «ð£¡øõŸPŸ°
º¡ in õ¼‹.
e. I was born in 1976 - ï£¡ 1976-™ Hø‰«î¡.
f. I buy the car in January - ï£¡ üùõKJ™ è£˜ õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.
g. I buy the cloth in the summer - ï£¡ «è£¬ì‚è£ôˆF™ à¬ì
õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: time + from now / in / by / within - å¼ °PŠH†ì
è£ôˆFŸ°œ.
h. I finish the work 10 days from now / in 10 days / by 10 days / within
10 days - ï£¡ 10 ï£†èÀ‚°œ «õ¬ô¬ò º®‚A«ø¡. (
°PŠ¹: 10 days later / 10 days after â¡ø£™ 10 ï£†èœ
èNˆ¶ Ü™ô¶ 10 ï£†èÀ‚°Š Hø° ).
Phrase Meaning 2: It is the first time sent1 / sth1 did not verb sth2 in
time - Þšõ÷¾ ï£À‚° ÜŠ¹ø‹ ÞŠðî£¡ Þ‰î ªêò™
ïì‚Aø¶.
i. It is the first time I drive the car in 5 years / I did not drive the car in
5 years - ï£¡ 5 õ¼ì‹ èNˆ¶ ÞŠðî£¡ è£˜ æ†Á«ø¡.
Ü™ô¶, ï£¡ 5 õ¼ìˆFŸ°Š Hø° ÞŠðî£¡ è£˜
æ†Á«ø¡. ( °PŠ¹: ï£¡ è£˜ æ†® 5 õ¼ì‹
ÝAM†ì¶ â¡Á‚ Ãø - It is 5 years since I drive the car )
Phrase Meaning 3: He is in his 20’s - Üõ˜ 20 ñŸÁ‹ 30-‚°‹
Þ¬ìŠð†ì õòF™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
79. Inside
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ àœ«÷, àœÀ‚°œ.

a. I go inside - ï£¡ àœ«÷ ªê™A«ø¡.
b. I put the gold inside the locker / I put the gold in the locker - ï£¡
îƒèˆ¬î ô£‚è˜ àœ«÷ ¬õˆ«î¡ / ï£¡ îƒèˆ¬î
ô£‚èK™ ¬õˆ«î¡.
c. I sit inside the car / I sit in the car - ï£¡ è£˜ àœ«÷
à†è£˜‰F¼‚A«ø¡ / ï£¡ è£K™ à†è£˜‰F¼‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: He is inside / He is in the jail - Üõ¡ ªüJL™
Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
80. Instead
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼À‚° ðFô£è Þ¡ªù£¼ ªð£¼œ.

cƒèœ àƒèÀ¬ìò
a. You take my keys instead of your keys -
ê£Mè¬÷ â´ŠðîŸ° ðFô£è â¡Â¬ìò ê£Mè¬÷
â´ˆ¶‚ªè£‡¯˜èœ.
b. I want ice cream instead of juice - pv‚° ðFô£è ï£¡ ävAK‹
M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
81. Into
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ àœÀ‚°œ Ü™ô¶ àœ«÷ ªê™Aø¶

â¡ð¬î into °P‚Aø¶. Ýù£™ å¼ ªð£¼œ àœÀ‚°œ Ü™ô¶
àœ«÷ Þ¼‚Aø¶ â¡ð¬î inside °P‚Aø¶.
a. He enters into the room - Üõ¡ Ü¬ø‚°œ Ü™ô¶
Ü¬ø‚°œ«÷ ¸¬öAø£¡.
b. He jumps into the well - Üõ¡ AíŸÁ‚°œ °F‚Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: He is into sth - Üõ¡ sth -¬ò Iè¾‹
M¼‹¹Aø£¡.
c. He is into the music - Üõ¡ Þ¬ê¬ò Iè¾‹ M¼‹¹Aø£¡.
82. Ironically
Meaning 1: ï£‹ G¬ùˆî¶ å¡Á, Ýù£™ ïì‰î¶ å¡Á â¡ø‚

è¼ˆ¬î Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. I thought the movie is not good. Ironically, It run for 100 days -
CQñ£ ðì‹ ï¡ø£è Þ™¬ô â¡Á ï£¡ G¬ùˆ«î¡.
Ýù£™ ðì‹ 100 ï£†èœ æ®ò¶.
b. He smokes for 30 years. Ironically, his wife died of lung cancer -
Üõ¡ 30 õ¼ìƒè÷£è ¹¬èŠH®‚Aø£¡. Ýù£™,
Üõ Â¬ ì ò ñ¬ ùM ¸ ¬ ó f ó™ ¹Ÿ Á«ï£ò£™
Þø‰¶M†ì£œ.
83. If
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ ïì‰î£™ î£¡ Þ¡ªù£¼ ªêò™ ïì‚°‹
â¡ø Gð‰î¬ù¬ò if °P‚Aø¶.
a. If it rains, I stay in the home - ñ¬ö ªðŒî£™, ï£¡ i†®«ô«ò
Þ¼Š«ð¡.
cƒèœ è®ùñ£è
b. If you study hard, you can pass the exam -
ð®ˆî£™, cƒèœ «î˜M™ ªõŸPŠ ªðøô£‹.
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêòLù£™ Ý†ð†®¼‚Aø£ó£ Þ™¬ôò£
â¡Á Ãø if ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( syn: whether )
c. I don’t know if he is a thief / I don’t know if he is a thief or not -
Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ìù£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á âù‚° ªîKòM™¬ô.
cƒèœ
d. Tell me if you are tired / Tell me if you are tired or not -
è¬÷Šð£è Þ¼‚Al˜è÷£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á â¡Qì‹
ªê£™½ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: If possibel, sent1 - º®‰î£™, sent1-¡ ªêò¬ô
ªêŒò¾‹, If necessary, sent1 - «î¬õŠð†ì£™, sent1 -¡
ªêò¬ô ªêŒò¾‹, If not / or / otherwise - Þ™¬ôªòQ™.
e. If possible, you come here - ( àƒèÀ‚° ) º®‰î£™, cƒèœ
Þƒ° õó¾‹.
f. You add salt in the food if necessary - «î¬õŠð†ì£™, cƒèœ
àíM™ àŠ¬ð «ê˜ˆ¶‚ ªè£œ÷¾‹.
g. You bring the money. If not, you don’t come here - cƒèœ
ðíˆ¬î
ªè£‡´ õ£¼ƒèœ. Þ™¬ôªòQ™, cƒèœ Þƒ° õó
«õ‡ì£‹.
84. Like
Meaning 1: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô Þ¶ «ð£ô ªêŒAø£˜, å¼ ªð£¼œ
Þ¶ «ð£ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
a. He eats like a pig - Üõ¡ ð¡P¬ò «ð£ô ê£ŠHÁø£¡.

b. The apple is like a orange - ÝŠHœ Ýó…² «ð£ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. She is like my sister - Üõœ â¡Â¬ìò îƒ¬è¬ò «ð£ô
Þ¼‚Aø£œ.
i´ ð£˜ŠðîŸ° °®¬ê «ð£ô
d. The house looks like a hut -
Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ªîKAø¶.
e. Who do you look like? - cƒèœ ð£˜ŠðîŸ° ò£¬ó «ð£ô
Þ¼‚Al˜èœ?
Meaning 2: â´ˆ¶‚è£†´‚° Ü™ô¶ Üî£õ¶ ( syn: for example /
such as )
f. The edible things like oil, rice , etc are expensive - ê£ŠHì‚Ã®ò
ªð£¼œèœ, â´ˆ¶‚è£†´‚° / Üî£õ¶ â‡ªíŒ, ÜKC,
«ð£¡ø¬õèœ ÜFè M¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: like this / like that / like so - Þ¶ ñ£FK
g. You eat like this - cƒèœ
Þ¶ ñ£FK ê£ŠH´ƒèœ. Üî£õ¶,
å¼õ˜ ñŸªø£¼õ¼‚° Þ¶ ñ£FK ê£ŠH´ƒèœ â¡Á
ªê£™L‚ªè£´Šð¶ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 2: Just like that - å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô â¬î»‹
«ò£C‚è£ñ™ ªêŒõ¶ Ý°‹.
h. I can’t resign the job just like that - ï£¡
â¬î»‹ «ò£C‚è£ñ™
«õ¬ô¬ò ó£Tù£ñ£ ªêŒò º®ò£¶.
85. Long
Meaning 1: ÜFè è£ô Ü÷¾ à¬ìò, ÜFè Éóñ£ù, ÜFè c÷ñ£ù,
å¡Á å¼ °PŠH†ì è£ôˆF™, c÷ˆF™, ÉóˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
a. This is a long table - Þ¶ Iè c÷ñ£ù «ñ¬ü Ý°‹.
b. Cochin is a long way from Salem ( pat: a long way ) - ªè£„C¡
«êôˆFL¼‰¶ ÜFè ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. ï£¡ ðv
I wait in the bus stop for long / long time / long while -
GÁˆîˆF™ ÜFè «ïóñ£è Ü™ô¶ ªó£‹ð «ïóñ£è
è£ˆF¼‚A«ø¡.
d. How long is your house? - àƒèÀ¬ìò i†®¡ c÷‹

âšõ÷¾?
e. How long is the journey? / How much time is the journey? - ðòí
«ïó‹ âšõ÷¾?
f. The road is 100 meter long - «ó£´ 100 e†ì˜ c÷‹ Ý°‹.
g. The speech is 5 hours long - «ð„² 5 ñE «ïó è£ô Ü÷¾
ªè£‡ì¶ Ý°‹.
â¡ù£ƒè, àƒè¬÷
Phrase Meaning 1: Hi, long time no see -
ªó£‹ð ï£÷£è ð£˜‚è º®òM™¬ô Ü™ô¶ ð£˜ˆ¶ ªó£‹ð
ï£÷£J´„C.
Phrase Meaning 2: as long as - if, a long before - ªó£‹ð ï£À‚°

º¡¹, a long after - ªó£‹ð ï£À‚° Hø°, as long as you want
- âšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ cƒèœ M¼‹¹Al˜è«÷£ Üšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ,
as long as possible - âšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ / «ïó‹ º®»«ñ£
Üšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ / «ïó‹ Ü™ô¶ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ º®»«ñ£
Üšõ÷¾ Éó‹. a long time ago / once upon a time - º¡ªð£¼
è£ôˆF™ Ü™ô¶ ªó£‹ð ï£À‚° º¡¹.
ï£¡ ªó£‹ð ï£À‚° º¡«ð
h. I left this place a long before -
Þ‰î Þìˆ¬î M†´ A÷‹H M†«ì¡.
i. You stay here as long as you want - cƒèœ âšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ
îƒè M¼‹¹Al˜è«÷£ Üšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ Þƒ«è îƒ°ƒèœ.
j. You leave the mango in the tree as long as possible - cƒèœ
âšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ ñ£ƒè£¬ò ñóˆF«ô«ò M†´ ¬õ‚è
M¼‹¹Al˜è«÷£ Üšõ÷¾ ï£†èœ M†´ ¬õ»ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 3: no longer / not any longer / used to verb - å¼

ªêò™ º¡¹ ïì‰î¶. Ýù£™ ÞŠ«ð£¶ Ü¶ ïì‚èM™¬ô.
k. I no longer eat the mutton - ÞŠ«ð£¶ ï£¡ Ý†´ Þ¬ø„C
à‡ð¶ Þ™¬ô. Ýù£™ º¡¹ ê£ŠH†´‚A†´ Þ¼‰«î¡.
86. Meanwhile
Meaning 1: Ü«î êñòˆF™, Üî£õ¶ Þ¼ ªêò™èœ å«ó êñòˆF™

ïì‚Aø¶ â¡ð¬î Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
ï£¡ è£¬ô àí¾
a. I eat breakfast. Meanwhile, I watch TV -
ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡. Ü«î êñòˆF™, ï£¡ ®M ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
Meaning 2: Ü‰î Þ¬ìŠð†ì «ïóˆF™
b. The train comes here in 2 hours. Meanwhile / In the mean time,
you take rest - ÞóJ™ 2 ñE «ïóˆFŸ°œ õ‰¶ M´‹. Ü‰î
Þ¬ìŠð†ì «ïóˆF™, cƒèœ æŒ¾ â´ƒèœ.
87. Neither
Meaning 1: Þó‡´ ªð£¼œèO™ Ü¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô Þ¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô.
a. Would you like tea or coffee? Neither, Thanks - cƒèœ
¯ Ü™ô¶
è£H °®‚Al˜è÷£? âù‚° Þó‡´«ñ «õ‡ì£‹. ï¡P.
b. Neither of them can cook - Üõ˜èO™ Þ¼õ¼‚°‹ ê¬ñ‚è
ªîKò£¶.
c. The bus is neither beautiful nor safe ( pat: neither sth1 / sb1 nor
sth2 / sb2 ) - ðv Üöè£è¾‹ Þ™¬ô, ð£¶è£Šð£è¾‹
Þ™¬ô.
Meaning 2: cƒèœ ªê£™½‹ âF˜ñ¬øò£ù õ£‚Aò‹ âù‚°‹
ªð£¼‰¶‹. Üî£õ¶ âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ôî£¡.
d. I don’t eat yet. Me neither / Neither do I / Me too - ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹
ê£ŠHìM™¬ô. âù‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ôî£¡ / ï£Â‹ î£¡.
e. I can’t swim. Me neither - âù‚° c‰î ªîKò£¶. âù‚°‹
î£¡.
88. No
Meaning 1: å¼ «èœM‚° ðFô£è õ¼‹ «ð£¶ Þ™¬ô Ü™ô¶
«õ‡ì£‹ âù ªð£¼œðÁø¶.
cƒèœ ¯¬ò M¼‹¹i˜è÷£?
a. Do you like tea? No, Thanks -
Þ™¬ô, ï¡P. ÝƒAôˆF™ ÝƒA«ôò˜èœ Þ™¬ô â¡ø
õ£˜ˆ¬î‚° No Thanks â¡Á ÃÁõ£˜èœ.
àƒèOì‹ ðí‹ Þ¼‚Aøî£?

b. You have money? No -
Þ™¬ô. ï£‹ «èœM¬ò Þ¶ «ð£¡Á õ£‚Aòñ£è Ãì
«ðêô£‹.
Meaning 2: â‰î å¡Á‹ Þ™¬ô, â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô.
c. There is no problem - â‰î Hó„ê¬ù»‹ Þ™¬ô.
d. No parking ( pat: No doing ) - â‰î õ£èùº‹ GÁˆî‚ Ãì£¶.
e. No train will go to Salem - â‰î ÞóJ½‹ «êô‹ «ð£è£¶.
Ýù£™, The train will not go to Salem â¡ø£™ å¼ °PŠH†ì
ÞóJ™ «êô‹ «ð£è£¶ â¡Á Ü˜ˆî‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: No problem - àƒèOì‹
å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô
ªêŒò ÜÂñF «è†Aø£˜. ÜîŸ° cƒèœ Ü‰î ªêò¬ô
î£ó£÷ñ£è ªêŒ»ƒèœ â¡Á Ãø No problem ðò¡ðÁø¶.
e. Can I sit here for some time? No problem - ï£¡
Þƒ° ªè£…ê
«ïó‹ à†è£óô£ñ£? î£ó£÷ñ£è à†è£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 2: No way - â¡ù Ýù£½‹ ï£¡ å¼ ªêò¬ô
ªêŒò ÜÂñF‚è ñ£†«ì¡.
f. Can I cut the tree? No way - ï£¡ ñóˆ¬î ªõ†ì†´ñ£?
â¡ù Ýù£½‹ Þ¬î ÜÂñF‚è ñ£†«ì¡.
89. Nobody / No one
Meaning 1: ò£¼‹ Þ™¬ô, âõ¼‹ Þ™¬ô, å¼õ˜ Ãì Þ™¬ô.

a. I opened the door. But, nobody was inside - ï£¡ èî¬õ
Fø‰«î¡. Ýù£™ ò£¼‹ àœ«÷ Þ™¬ô.
b. Nobody likes him ( syn: anybody do not like him ) - ò£¼‹ Üõ¬ó
M¼‹ðM™¬ô.
90. None
Meaning 1: ò£¼‹ Þ™¬ô, âõ¼‹ Þ™¬ô, â¶¾I™¬ô,
â‰îŠªð£¼À‹ Þ™¬ô. Þ¬î ðò¡ð´ˆ¶‹ «ð£¶ none-¾ì¡
ªðò˜ªê£™ è‡®Šð£è õó«õ‡´‹. ªðò˜ªê£™ ºî™ õ£‚AòˆF™
õ‰î£™, Þó‡ì£õ¶ õ£‚AòˆF™ none îQò£è õ¼‹.
a. None of my friends come to the function - â¡Â¬ìò ï‡ð˜èœ

ò£¼‹ Mö£MŸ° õóM™¬ô.
b. Old car is better than none - â¶¾«ñ Þ™ô£îFŸ° ð¬öò
è£˜ âšõ÷«õ£ ï™ô¶.
c. I wait for phone calls. But, none comes - ï£¡ «ð£¡
Ü¬öŠ¹‚° è£ˆF¼‚A«ø¡. Ýù£™ â¶¾‹ õóM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: none left / not any left - â¶¾‹ eF Þ™¬ô.
d. Don’t eat any more cakes. Or, there will be none left for your mother
- Þ¡Â‹ ÜFèñ£è «è‚ ê£ŠHì£b˜èœ. Þ™¬ôªòQ™ /
Ü™ô¶, àƒèÀ¬ìò Ü‹ñ£MŸ° â¶¾‹ eî‹ Þ¼‚è£¶.
91. No more
Meaning 1: not any more - º¡¹ ïì‰î å¼ ªêò™ ÞŠ«ð£¶
ïìŠðF™¬ô.
a. I drink no more - ï£¡ ÞŠ«ð£ªî™ô£‹ °®ŠðF™¬ô.
b. He is no more - Üõ˜ ÞŠ«ð£¶ àJ¼ì¡ Þ™¬ô.
92. Nothing
Meaning 1: â¶¾‹ Þ™¬ô Ü™ô¶ Þ¶ å¼ ªêòL¡ âF˜ñ¬ø¬ò

°P‚Aø¶.
a. She knows nothing - ÜõÀ‚° â¶¾‹ ªîKòM™¬ô.
b. Nothing is in the box - â¶¾‹ ªð†®J™ Þ™¬ô.
c. I have nothing else - â¡Qì‹ Ü™ô¶ âù‚° «õÁ â¶¾‹
Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: nothing but ( syn: only ) - ñ†´‹.
d. I have nothing but small cycle - â¡Qì‹ CPò ¬ê‚Aœ ñ†´‹
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: sb1 have nothing against sb2 - sb2-Ý™ sb1-
‚° â‰îŠ Hó„ê¬ù»‹ Þ™¬ô.
e. I have nothing against him - Üõù£™ âù‚° â‰îŠ

Hó„ê¬ù»‹ Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 3: sb1 have nothing to do with sb2 /sth1 - sb1
ñŸÁ‹ sb2/sth1 Þó‡´‚°‹ â‰î ê‹ð‰îº‹ Þ™¬ô.
f. I have nothing to do with the decision - âù‚°‹ º®¾‚°‹
â‰î ê‹ð‰îº‹ Þ™¬ô.
cƒèœ
Phrase Meaning 4: nothing of the sort / nothing of the kind -
å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒAl˜èœ. å¼õ˜ àƒèOì‹ Ü‰î ñ£FK
ªêò¬ô ÞQ«ñ™ ªêŒò‚Ãì£¶ â¡Á ªê£™õ¶ Ý°‹.
cƒèœ
g. You touch the button. You don’t do nothing of the sort -
ªð£ˆî£¬ù ªî£†¯˜èœ. cƒèœ ÞQ«ñ™ Ü‰î ñ£FK
ªêŒò‚Ãì£¶.
93. Now
Meaning 1: ÞŠªð£¿¶ / îŸªð£¿¶ / ÞŠ«ð£¶

a. We talk now - ï£‹ ÞŠ«ð£¶ «ð²A«ø£‹.
ÞóJ™ Þ¡«ùøˆ¶‚ªè™ô£‹
b. The train comes by now -
Ü™ô¶ ÞŠªð£¿¶‚°œ õ‰F¼‚°‹.
c. Don’t eat apples for now ( syn: for the time being ) - îŸ«ð£¬î‚°
ÝŠHœè¬÷ ê£ŠHì£b˜èœ.
âšõ÷¾ è£ôˆFŸ°
Phrase Meaning 1: 2 weeks / 3 years... now -
º¡¹ å¼ ªêò™ ªî£ìƒAò¶. Üî£õ¶, 2 õ£óˆFŸ° º¡¹
/ 3 õ¼ìƒèÀ‚° º¡¹. Þ¬î ÞŠð®»‹ ªê£™ôô£‹.
Üî£õ¶, å¼ ªêò¬ô ªî£ìƒA 2 õ£ó‹ / 3 õ¼ì‹
ÝAM†ì¶.
d. It is / has been 3 years now since I meet you ( pat: It is time now
since sent1 ) - ï£¡ àƒè¬÷ ê‰Fˆ¶ 3 õ¼ìƒèœ
ÝAM†ì¶. Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ àƒè¬÷ «ð£ù 3 õ¼ìƒè÷£è
ê‰F‚è º®òM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 2: at any day now / at any minute now / at any time
now - âŠªð£¿¶ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ Ü™ô¶ M¬óM™
e. The car comes at any time now - è£˜ âŠªð£¿¶

«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ õ¼‹.
ÞŠªð£¿¶ do-
Phrase Meaning 3: now is the time to do sth -
â¡ø ªêò¬ô ªêŒõîŸ° Þ¶ àè‰î «ïó‹ Ý°‹.
Now is the time to buy the car - ÞŠªð£¿¶ è£˜ õ£ƒ°õîŸ°
àè‰î «ïó‹ Ý°‹.
94. Of
Meaning 1: à¬ìò. Þ¶ Þó‡´ ªðò˜ªê£™½‚° Þ¬ìJ™ õ¼‹.
a. The cost of the meal is Rs 20 ( pat: noun1 of noun2 - noun2-
¾Â¬ìò noun1 / noun2 noun1 ) - àíMÂ¬ìò M¬ô 20
Ïð£Œ Ý°‹. ( syn: The meal cost is Rs 20 )
b. The mirror of the car is good / The car mirror is good - è£KÂ¬ìò
è‡í£® Ü™ô¶ è£˜ è‡í£® ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
(°PŠ¹: of-ù£¶
ªð¼‹ð£½‹ “à¬ìò” â¡Á ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
Cô êñòƒèO™ Þ¬î îQò£è ¬õˆ¶ ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷
Þòô£¶, õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹ º¬ø¬ò ¬õˆ¶î£¡ ï£‹ of-
¬ò ªîK‰¶‚ªè£œ÷ º®»‹.)
95. Of course
Meaning 1: à‡¬ñJ™.
a. Of course she passed the exam - à‡¬ñJ™ Üõœ «î˜M™
ªõŸP ªðŸø£œ.
Phrase Meaning 1: Yes, of course - Ý‹, è‡®Šð£è Ü™ô¶
à‡¬ñJ™
b. Can I ask you a question? yes, of course - ï£¡ àƒèOì‹
«èœM «è†èô£ñ£? Ý‹, è‡®Šð£è.
Phrase Meaning 2: Of course not - è‡®Šð£è Þ™¬ô.
c. Do you eat the food? Of course not - cƒèœ àí¬õ
ê£ŠH†¯˜è÷£? è‡®Šð£è Þ™¬ô.
ï£¡
d. Do you mind if I bring my friend here? Of course not -
â¡Â¬ìò ï‡ð¬ù Þƒ° Ã†®‚ªè£‡´ õ‰î£™ cƒèœ
ãî£õ¶ G¬ùˆ¶‚ªè£œi˜è÷£? è‡®Šð£è Þ™¬ô.
96. Off
Meaning 1: å¼ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ îœO Þ¼ˆî™, cƒèœ Þ¼‚°‹

ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ ãî£õ¶ å¼ ªêòL¡ Íô‹ Ü‰î Þìˆ¬î M†´
«õÁ ÞìˆFŸ° «ð£õ¶ Ý°‹.
a. He get into his car and drove off - Üõ¡

ÜõÂ¬ìò è£KÂœ
¸¬öAø£¡. «ñ½‹, è£¬ó æ†®‚ªè£‡´ Ü‰î Þìˆ¬î
M†´ «õÁ ÞìˆFŸ° ªê™Aø£¡.
b. I am off the main road - ï£¡ ªñJ¡ «ó£†®™ Þ¼‰¶ îœO
Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
c. He is off on holiday ( pat: off on sth ) - Üõ˜ Þ¼‚°‹
ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ îœO «õÁ âƒè«ò£ M´º¬øJ™
Þ¼‚Aø£˜. Ü™ô¶, Üõ˜ M´º¬øJ™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
Meaning 2: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñ™ Þ¼‚è£«î, å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ ñŸªø£¼
ªð£¼OL¼‰¶ èö†´õîŸ°‹, î£ù£è«õ å¼ ªð£¼œ èö¡Á
M¿õîŸ°‹ Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
d. Keep off the grass - ¹™ «ñ™ GŸè£b˜èœ.

e. I take mirror off the wall - ï£¡ è‡í£®¬ò ²õKL¼‰¶
èö†Á«ø¡.
f. Take your coat off - «è£†¬ì èöŸÁƒèœ.
Meaning 3: ðv Ü™ô¶ ÞóJL™ Þ¼‰¶ Þøƒ°, I¡ê£îù ªð£¼¬÷
GÁˆ¶, å¼ ªð£¼œ ÞƒA¼‰¶ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ àœ÷¶ «ð£¡ø
è¼ˆ¶è¬÷ Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
g. You get off from the bus - cƒèœ ðvR™ Þ¼‰¶ Þøƒ°ƒèœ.
h. Switch off the fan - «ð¬ù GÁˆ¶ƒèœ.
i. The car is 2 miles off / away - è£˜ ÞƒA¼‰¶ 2 ¬ñ™èœ îœO
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: He is off today - Üõ˜ Þ¡Á «õ¬ô‚°
õóM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 2: off season / off period etc - Yê¡ Þ™ô£î «ïó‹.
j. In the off season, hotels in Simla are very cheap - Yê¡

Þ™ô£î
«ïóƒèO™ C‹ô£M™ Þ¼‚°‹ «ý£†ì™èœ Iè¾‹
ñLõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
97. Often
Meaning 1: frequently, Ü®‚è®

a. I eat often - ï£¡ Ü®‚è® ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: How often / How many times - âˆî¬ù îì¬õ,
âˆî¬ù º¬ø.
b. How often do you go to Goa? - cƒèœ âˆî¬ù îì¬õ «è£õ£
ªê™i˜èœ?
98. Ok
Meaning 1: êK ( syn: right )

ï£¡ «è‚¬è â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ÷ô£ñ£?
a. Can I take cake? OK -
êK, â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ.
b. Ok, I made mistake - êK, ï£¡ îõÁ ªêŒF¼‚A«ø¡.
c. I see you tonight, ok? - ï£¡ àƒè¬÷ Þ¡Á Þó¾ ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
êKò£?
99. On
Meaning 1: «ñ™, å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñŸðóŠH™ ñŸøªø£¼ ªð£¼œ

Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹. Ýù£™, «ñ«ô ( above / over ) â¡ø£™ å¼
ªð£¼À‚° àò«ó ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼œ Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹.
a. The ball is on the table - ð‰¶ «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
ñ‚èœ ¹™L¡ «ñ™ Ü™ô¶ ¹™
b. People sit on the grass -
e¶ à†è£˜‰F¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
c. He sleeps on the bed - Üõ¡ ð´‚¬èJ¡ «ñ™ Éƒ°Aø£¡.
Meaning 2: è£AîˆF™ â¿¶õ¶, «îF ñŸÁ‹ ï£œ «ð£¡ø¬õèÀ‚°
º¡ on ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶.
d. Write the name on the paper - «ðŠðK™ ªðò¬ó â¿¶ƒèœ.

e. The diagram is shown on page 10 - 10Ý‹
ð‚èˆF™ õ¬óðì‹
è£‡H‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. He was born on May 10 - Üõ¡ «ñ 10™ Hø‰î£¡.
g. He only eat on Friday - Üõ¡ ªõœO‚Aö¬ñ ñ†´‹
ê£ŠHÁø£¡.
100. Once
Meaning 1: å¼ º¬ø
a. I met her once - ï£¡ Üõ¬÷ å¼ º¬ø ê‰FˆF¼‚A«ø¡.
b. I ate egg once before - ï£¡ º¡¹ å¼º¬ø º†¬ì
ê£ŠH†«ì¡.
c. I once ran 20 miles - ï£¡ å¼ º¬ø 20 ¬ñ™èœ æ®«ù¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: once in a week - õ£óˆFŸ° å¼ º¬ø, once in
every three months / every three months - Í¡Á ñ£îˆFŸ° å¼
º¬ø / åšªõ£¼ Í¡Á ñ£îº‹.
d. I go to temple once in a week - ï£¡ «è£M½‚° õ£ó‹ å¼
º¬ø ªê™A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: once in a while - Cô «ïóƒèO™, Cô
êñòƒèO™
Üõ¡ Cô «ïóƒèO™
e. He faints once in a while / sometimes -
ñò‚è‹ «ð£Áø£¡. Ü™ô¶ ÜõÂ‚° Cô «ïóƒèO™
ñò‚è‹ õ¼Aø¶.
101. Onto / On to
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ ñŸªø£¼ ªð£¼¬÷ «ï£‚A Ü™ô¶ Üî¡

«ñŸðóŠ¹, ðóŠð÷¬õ «ï£‚A ªê™õ¶ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõ¶
Ý°‹.
a. He walks on to the park - Üõ¡ ð£˜¬è «ï£‚A ïì‚Aø£¡.
b. You pour the water onto the oil - cƒèœ c¬ó â‡ªíJ¡
«ñŸðóŠH™ áŸø¾‹.
c. cƒèœ ÝŸP¡ «ñŸðóŠH™ /

You jump onto / into the river -
ÝŸPÂœ °F‚è¾‹. Þ¶ å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ «ï£‚A Üî¡
«ñŸðóŠ¬ð «ï£‚A ïì‚°‹ ªêò™ Ý°‹.
102. Over
Meaning 1: «ñ«ô, å¼ MKŠð£™ å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ Í´õ¶ ( «ñ™ ),

°Á‚«è ( å¡P¡ å¼ ð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ Ü´ˆîŠð‚èˆFŸ° å¼
ªð£¼œ ªî£ì£ñ™ ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹ )
a. The lamp is hanged over the window - M÷‚° ü¡ù½‚° «ñ«ô

ªî£ƒèMìŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
b. The word “welcome” is over the door - ªõ™è‹ â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î
èî¾‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. The helicopter flys over the hill - ªýLè£Šì˜ ñ¬ôJ¡ «ñ«ô
ðø‚Aø¶.
d. The bedsheet is over the table - «ð£˜¬õ «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ™
MK‚èŠð†®¼‚Aø¶.
ï£¡ ðQòÂ‚° «ñ™ ê†¬ì
e. I wear shirt over the banion -
ÜE‰F¼‚A«ø¡. °PŠ¹: The banion is under the shirt
â¡ø£™ ðQò¡ ê†¬ì‚° àœ«÷ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. The goat jump over the road - Ý´ «ó£†®¡ °Á‚«è
î£‡®ò¶.
g. The bridge is over the river - ð£ô‹ ÝŸP¡ °Á‚«è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 2: Ü´ˆîŠð‚èˆF™, å¼ è£ô‚è†ì‹ º¿õ¶‹ ( during ),
å¼ Ü÷¾‚° ÜFèñ£è ( more than )
h. The bus stop is over the road - ðv GÁˆî‹ «ó£†®¡
Ü´ˆîŠð‚èˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
i. Üõ¡ ÝŸP¡ Ü´ˆîŠð‚èˆF™
He lives over the river -
Ü™ô¶ ñÁð‚èˆF™ õC‚Aø£¡.
j. I worked in the factory over the winter - ï£¡ ðQè£ô‹ º¿õ¶‹
ªî£NŸê£¬ôJ™ «õ¬ô ªêŒ«î¡.
k. I have over 10 cars - ï£¡ 10 è£˜èÀ‚°‹ «ñô£è

Phrase Meaning 1: sth is over - sth-â¡ø ªêò™ º®‰¶ M†ì¶.
l. The movie is over - CQñ£ ðì‹ º®‰¶ M†ì¶.
103. Owing to

ãªù¡ø£™ )
a. I do not come here owing to fever (pat: sent 1, owing to sth) -
è£Œ„êLù£™ ï£¡ Þƒ° õóM™¬ô. Þƒ° sth Ýù¶
è£óíˆ¬î‚ °P‚°‹. (syn: because of / due to)
b. I don’t eat the food owing to rain - ï£¡ ñ¬öJù£™ àí¾
ê£ŠHìM™¬ô.
104. Past
Meaning 1: å¼ ÞìˆFL¼‰¶ ªè£…ê Éó‹ îœO å¼ ªð£¼œ

Þ¼Šð¶ Ý°‹, GŸè£ñ™ å¼õ˜ àƒè¬÷ î£‡® ªê™õ¶.
ðœO‚Ãì‹ «ó£†¬ì î£‡®

a. The school is past the road -
Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ðœO‚Ãì‹ «ó£†®L¼‰¶ ªè£…ê
Éó‹ îœO Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. He walks past me - Üõ¡ â¡¬ù î£‡® ïì‚Aø£¡.
c. She stops the car past me - Üõœ â¡¬ùˆ î£‡® è£¬ó
GÁˆFù£œ.
Meaning 2: º‰¬îò ..., «ð£ù ....., º¡ù£™
ï£¡ º‰¬îò Ü™ô¶ «ð£ù 4

d. I was there past 4 days -
ï£†èœ Üƒ«è Þ¼‰«î¡.
e. The past minister came here - º‰¬îò Ü™ô¶ º¡ù£™
ñ‰FK Þƒ° õ‰î£˜.
105. Same
Meaning 1: Ü«î..., Ü«î ñ£FK, å«ó ñ£FKò£ù, å¼õ˜ ñ£FK

a. He sits in the same chair - Üõ¡ Ü«î «êK™ à†è£¼Aø£¡.
b. He is same as me ( pat: same as sb / sth ) / He is like me - Üõ¡
â¡¬ù ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ â¡¬ù «ð£ô Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
c. He was born the same day as me ( pat: the same noun as sb / sth
) - Üõ¡ Hø‰î Ü«î ï£÷¡Á ï£Â‹ Hø‰«î¡ Ü™ô¶
ÜõÂ‹ ï£Â‹ å«ó ï£O™ Hø‰«î£‹ Ü™ô¶ ÜõÂ‚°‹
âù‚°‹ å«ó ï£O™ Hø‰îï£œ õ¼Aø¶.
Üõ˜èœ å«ó ñ£FKò£ù
d. They wear the same dress -
à¬ì¬ò ÜE‰F¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
e. They sit in the same bus - Üõ˜èœ å«ó ðvR™
à†è£˜‰F¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
f. The same accident happened again ( syn: such accident / similar
accident ) - Ü«î ñ£FKò£ù Mðˆ¶ e‡´‹ ïì‰î¶.
g. The coins looks the same - ï£íòƒèœ å«ó ñ£FKò£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
h. Your height is the same as my height ( pat: the same as sth ) -
àƒèÀ¬ìò àòóº‹ â¡Â¬ìò àòóº‹ å«ó ñ£FKò£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
( °PŠ¹:
«ñ«ô °PŠH†ì õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹è¬÷»‹ ñŸÁ‹
Ü˜ˆîƒè¬÷»‹ ï¡ø£è ¹K‰¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ )
Phrase Meaning 1: at the same time - Þ¼ ªêò™èœ å«ó
êñòˆF™ ïìŠð¬î Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
i. I see him. At the same time, I fall down - ï£¡ Üõ¬ù
ð£˜‚A«ø¡. Ü«î êñòˆF™, Üõ¡ W«ö M¿Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: same here - Þƒ«è»‹ Ü™ô¶ âù‚°‹ Ü«î
G¬ô¬ñ î£¡.
j. I have cold. Same here - âù‚° êO H®ˆF¼‚Aø¶. âù‚°‹
Ü«î G¬ô¬ñ î£¡.
Phrase Meaning 3: same to you - å¼õ˜ ªê£¡ù õ£›ˆ¶‚°

F¼‹ð Ü«î ñ£FK cƒèœ Üõ¼‚° õ£›ˆ¶‚ Ãø Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
Wish you happy pongal. Same to you - àƒèÀ‚° â¡ ÞQò
ªð£ƒè™ õ£›ˆ¶‚èœ. àƒèÀ‚°‹ â¡ ÞQò ªð£ƒè™
õ£›ˆ¶‚èœ ( «ê‹ ´ » )
106. Similar
Meaning 1: å«ó ñ£FKò£ù, Ü«î ñ£FK
a. Both are very similar - Þ¼õ¼‹ å«ó ñ£FK Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
b. He is similar to me ( pat: similar to sb / sth ) - Üõ¡ â¡¬ù
ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ «ð£ô Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
c. We have similar problems - âƒèÀ‚° å«ó ñ£FKò£ù
Hó„ê¬ùèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
d. I did not eat yesterday. In a similar way, He also did not eat ( pat:
sent1, In a similar way, sent2 ) - ï£¡ «ïŸÁ ê£ŠHìM™¬ô.
Ü«î ñ£FK, Üõ¡ Ãì ê£ŠHìM™¬ô.
e. His idea is similar to mine - ÜõÂ¬ìò è¼ˆ¶ â¡Â¬ìò¶
ñ£FK Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. Þó‡´ è£˜èO¡
The two cars are similar in size and color -
Ü÷¾ ñŸÁ‹ Gø‹ å«ó ñ£FKò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
107. Since
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ âŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶ ïì‚Aø¶ â¡Á °P‚è¾‹,
å¼ ªêòL¡ è£óíˆ¬î °P‚è¾‹ Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
a. I work here since 1975 / from 1975 - ï£¡ 1975 L¼‰¶ Þƒ°
«õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.
b. We are friends since we met - ï£ƒèœ ê‰FˆîFL¼‰¶ ï£ƒèœ
ï‡ð˜è÷£è Þ¼‚A«ø£‹.
c. Since I suffer from fever, I am unable to come to the class - ï£¡
è£Œ„êLù£™ ÜõFð´õî£™, â¡ù£™ õ°Š¹‚° õó
Þòô£¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: since when? / from when? - âŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶

d. Since when do you eat? - âŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶ cƒèœ
ê£ŠHÁl˜èœ?
108. Sincerely
Meaning 1: à‡¬ñò£è, à‡¬ñ»œ÷, à÷ñ£ø

a. I sincerely work here - ï£¡ Þƒ° à‡¬ñò£è «õ¬ô
ªêŒA«ø¡.
b. I am sincerely grateful for your help - àƒèÀ¬ìò àîM‚°
ï£¡ à÷ñ£ø ï¡P ÃÁA«ø¡.
àƒèœ
Phrase Meaning 1: Yours sincerely / Yours truly -
à‡¬ñ»œ÷. Þ¶ è®î‹ â¿¶‹«ð£¶ ÜFèñ£è
ðò¡ð´ˆîŠð´‹.
109. So
Meaning 1: Iè¾‹...., ªó£‹ð....., Iè....., Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚°
ñ£‹ðö‹ Iè¾‹ ÞQŠð£è
a. The mango is so sweet -
Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ñ£‹ðö‹ Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚° ÞQŠð£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. I am so worried - ï£¡ Iè¾‹ õ¼ˆîˆF™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
c. He is so weak - Üõ¡ Iè¾‹ ªñL‰¶ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
Meaning 2: å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Þ¡ªù£¼ ªêò™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
d. He is so weak that he can’t walk ( pat: so... that sent1 ) - Üõ¡
ïì‚è º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° ( Üõ¡ ) Iè¾‹ ªñL‰¶
Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
e. He is so angry that he can’t control himself - Üõ¡
Üõ¬ù«ò
è†´Šð´ˆî º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Üõ¡ Iè¾‹ «è£ðñ£è
Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
f. The insect is so small as to be invisible ( pat: so...as to be sth) -
Ì„C ð£˜‚è º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Iè¾‹ CPòî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 3: å¼õ˜ ªê£¡ù ªêò™ Þ¡ªù£¼õ¼‚°‹ ªð£¼‰¶‹
Ü™ô¶ Þ¡ªù£¼õ¼‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ô¬ñî£¡. ( pat: so do .../ so
is.../ so would..../ so has... etc )
Üõ˜ «è£ðˆF™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜. âù‚°‹
g. He is angry. so is I -
Ü«î G¬ô¬ñî£¡ Ü™ô¶ ï£Â‹ Ü«î G¬ô¬ñJ™
Þ¼‚A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ ï£Â‹ î£¡ «è£ðˆF™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
è£˜èO¡ «î¬õ
h. As the need for the cars rises, so do fuels -
àò¼‹ ªð£¿¶, âKªð£¼œèO¡ «î¬õ»‹ àò¼‹.
i. Üõ¡ «ï£Œõ£ŒŠð†®¼‚Aø£¡.
He is ill. So is his wife -
ÜõÂ¬ìò ñ¬ùM‚°‹ Ü«î G¬ô¬ñî£¡.
Meaning 4: so- Ýù¶ ºî™ õ£‚AòˆF™ àœ÷ ªêò™ Ü™ô¶
ð‡¬ð °P‚°‹. “Üšõ£Á”
j. Üõ˜ â¡¬ù Þƒ°
He asked me to eat here. I did so -
ê£ŠH´ñ£Á «è†´‚ªè£‡ì£˜. ï£¡ Üšõ£«ø
ê£ŠH†«ì¡.
k. He is very honest. If so, he can’t work here - Üõ˜ Iè¾‹
«ï˜¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø£˜. Üšõ£Á Þ¼‰î£™, Üõ˜ Þƒ°
«õ¬ô ªêŒò º®ò£¶.
l. cƒèœ
You can withdraw the application if you wish so -
M‡íŠðˆ¬î F¼‹ð ªðÁñ£Á M¼Šðð†ì£™ cƒèœ
M‡íŠðˆ¬î F¼‹ð ªðøº®»‹.
Meaning 5: âù«õ, Ýîô£™, Ý¬èò£™. Þ¶ å¼ ªêòL¡ M¬÷¬õ
°P‚Aø¶.( syn: as a result / hence / thus )
m. I hit him. So / So that, he fell down - ï£¡ Üõ¬ù Ü®ˆ«î¡.
Ýîô£™ / âù«õ, Üõ¡ W«ö M¿‰î£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: so what? - Ü¶‚° ÞŠð â¡ù? Ü™ô¶
Üîù£ô ÞŠð â¡ù?
àƒèÀ¬ìò à¬ì
n. A: “Your dress looks bad”. B: So what? -
ð£˜ŠðîŸ° ï™ô£J™¬ô. Üîù£ô ÞŠð â¡ù?
Phrase Meaning 2: so as to do sth / in order to do sth - do-â¡ø
ªêò¬ô ªêŒ»‹ «ï£‚èˆF™ Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
o. I walk slowly so as to reach there late - ï£¡

Üƒ«è î£ñîñ£è
«ð£Œ„ «ê¼õîŸ° ªñ¶õ£è ïì‚A«ø¡. Þƒ° I walk slowly
â¡ð¶ å¼ ªêò™. Þ‰î ªêòL¡ «ï£‚è‹ to reach there
late Ý°‹.
110. Some
Meaning 1: Cô, ªè£…ê‹, ãî£õ¶, Cô˜
a. I need some apples - âù‚° Cô ÝŠHœèœ «î¬õ.

b. Would you like to drink some coffee? - cƒèœ ( ªè£…ê‹ ) è£H
°®‚è M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?
c. I came here some time before ( syn: just now ) - ï£¡ ªè£…ê‹
«ïóˆFŸ° º¡¹ î£¡ Þƒ° õ‰«î¡.
d. There are 10 children. Some are from Delhi - ªñ£ˆî‹ 10
°ö‰¬îèœ Ýõ£˜. Cô˜ ªì™LJ™ Þ¼‰¶
õ‰F¼‚Aø£˜èœ.
e. There must be some reason for the accident - MðˆFŸ° ãî£õ¶
å¼ è£óí‹ è‡®Šð£è Þ¼‚è «õ‡´‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: some time next year / some time next week /
some time in 2009 / .... - Ü´ˆî õ¼ìˆF™ ãî£õ¶ å¼ «ïóˆF™
/ Ü´ˆî õ£óˆF™ ãî£õ¶ å¼ «ïóˆF™ / 2009™ ãî£õ¶ å¼
«ïóˆF™.
f. ï£¡ 2008™ ãî£õ¶
I start the company some time in 2008 -
å¼ «ïóˆF™ è‹ðQ¬ò Ýó‹H‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: some more sth ( syn: extra ) - Þ¡Â‹ Cô
ÜFè Ü™ô¶ Þ¡Â‹ ªè£…ê‹ ÜFè.
g. You take some more cakes - cƒèœ Þ¡Â‹ Cô ( ÜFèñ£ù
) «è‚°è¬÷ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ.
h. You give some more rice - cƒèœ Þ¡Â‹ ªè£…ê‹ ( ÜFèñ£è
) «ê£Á «ð£´ƒèœ.
111. Somebody / Someone
Meaning 1: ò£«ó£ å¼õ˜, ò£Kìñ£õ¶, ò£ó£õ¶.

a. Somebody is waiting for you - ò£«ó£ å¼õ˜ àƒèÀ‚è£è
è£ˆ¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜.
b. I want to talk to someone / somebody - ï£¡ ò£Kìñ£õ¶ «ðê
M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
c. Please someone come to the stage - îò¾ ªêŒ¶ ò£ó£õ¶
«ñ¬ì‚° õ£¼ƒèœ.
d. You ask someone else - cƒèœ «õÁ ò£Kìñ£õ¶ «èÀƒèœ.
112. Somehow / Someway
Meaning 1: âŠð®ò£õ¶, âŠð®«ò£

a. I bring the money somehow - ï£¡ âŠð®ò£õ¶ ðí‹
ªè£‡´ õ¼A«ø¡.
âŠð®ò£õ¶ ï£¡
b. Somehow, I should finish the work -
«õ¬ô¬ò è‡®Šð£è º®‚è «õ‡´‹.
113. Something
Meaning 1: ã«î£, ãî£õ¶ ( °PŠ¹: some-¾ì¡ noun õ¼‹. Ýù£™

something-¾ì¡ noun õó£¶. )
a. Do something - ãî£õ¶ ªêŒò¾‹.
b. There is something in my eye - â¡Â¬ìò è‡E™ ã«î£
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. You bring something to dring ( pat: something to do ) - cƒèœ
°®ŠðîŸ° ãî£õ¶ ªè£‡´ õ£¼ƒèœ.
Phrase Meaning 1: somethingis wrong with sb/sth / something goes
wrong with sb/sth - ã«î£ Hó„ê¬ù Þ¼‚Aø¶.
. Something is wrong with the phone - «ð£Q™ ã«î£ Hó„ê¬ù
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. Something goes wrong with the radio - «ó®«ò£M™ ã«î£

Hó„ê¬ù Þ¼‚Aø¶.
114. Sometimes
Meaning 1: Cô «ïóƒèO™ Ü™ô¶ Cô êñòƒèO™ ( syn:
occasionally)
a. Sometimes I wake up early morning - Cô êñòƒèO™ ï£¡
ÜFè£¬ôJ™ â¿A«ø¡.
115. Somewhat
Meaning 1: ªè£…ê‹... , åó÷¾, CPî÷¾
M¬ô
a. The price is somewhat higher than expected -
âF˜ð£˜ˆî¬î Mì ªè£…ê‹ ÜFèñ£è Ü™ô¶ æó÷¾
ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. The situation is somewhat better - Å›G¬ô æó÷¾‚° ï¡ø£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
116. Somewhere
Meaning 1: âƒè«ò£, âƒèò£õ¶, Þƒ° âƒèò£õ¶
a. My purse should be around here somewhere / My purse should
be somewhere around here - â¡Â¬ìò ð˜² Þƒ°
âƒ«èò£õ¶ Þ¼‚è «õ‡´‹.
Þƒ°
b. There must be somewhere you can buy things cheaply -
âƒ«èò£õ¶ è‡®Šð£è cƒèœ ñLõ£è ªð£¼œè¬÷
õ£ƒè º®»‹.
117. Soon
Meaning 1: M¬óM™, «õèñ£è, Y‚Aó‹.( syn: quickly / fastly )
a. He ate the food soon - Üõ¡ M¬óM™ Ü™ô¶ «õèñ£è
àí¾ ê£ŠH†ì£¡.
âšõ÷¾ M¬óM™ Ü™ô¶
b. How soon you finish the report? -
âšõ÷¾ Y‚Aó‹ ÝŒõP‚¬è¬ò º®Šd˜èœ?
Phrase Meaning 1: as soon as (pat : sent1, as soon as, sent2) -
àì«ù.
c. The bell rings as soon as he enters the room - Üõ¡ Ü¬øJ™
¸¬ö‰î àì«ù ñE Ü®‚Aø¶. ( syn: The bell rings. At the
same time, he enters the room )
Phrase Meaning 2: the sooner ... the better... ( syn: as soon as possible
) - å¼ ªêò¬ô âšõ÷¾ Y‚Aóñ£è ªêŒAø«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾‚°
ï™ô¶.
âšõ÷¾
d. The sooner you go to the airport the better ( it is ) -
Y‚Aóñ£è cƒèœ ã˜«ð£˜† ªê™Al˜è«÷£ Üšõ÷¾‚°
ï™ô¶.
«õ¬ô¬ò
e. You finish the work, the sooner the better -
º®»ƒèœ. âšõ÷¾ Y‚Aóñ£è º®‚Al˜è«÷£
Üšõ÷¾‚° ï™ô¶.
118. Still
Meaning 1: Þ¡Â‹ ( °PŠ¹: yet-â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚°‹ “Þ¡Â‹”
â¡Áî£¡ ªð£¼œ. ãŸèù«õ ªî£ìƒèŠð†ì å¼ ªêò¬ô ðŸP‚
Ãø still ðò¡ðÁø¶. å¼ ªêò™ Þ¡Â‹ Ýó‹H‚èM™¬ô Ü™ô¶
å¼õ˜ Þƒ° Þ¡Â‹ õóM™¬ô â¡Á‚ Ãø yet ðò¡ðÁø¶. )
a. I still write the essay - ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹ è†´¬ó â¿¶A«ø¡.
b. I haven’t still finished the work / I haven’t finished the work yet -
ï£¡ «õ¬ô¬ò Þ¡Â‹ º®‚èM™¬ô. âF˜ñ¬ø
õ£‚AòƒèO™ still ñŸÁ‹ yet å«ó ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
119. Such
Meaning 1: Ü‰î ñ£FK, Ü‰î ñ£FKò£ù Ü™ô¶ Ü«î ñ£FKò£ù
a. Such behavior is not good - Ü‰î ñ£FKò£ù ªêò™ð£´
ï™ô¶ Ü™ô.
b. Every rainy season, we get lots of problems. What should we do
in such a situation? - åšªõ£¼ ñ¬ö ªðŒ»‹ êñòˆF½‹,
ïñ‚° G¬øò Hó„ê¬ùèœ õ¼Aø¶. Ü‰î ñ£FK
Å›G¬ôJ™ ï£‹ â¡ù ªêŒò «õ‡´‹?
c. People are aware of problems such as these ( pat: noun such as
this or these ) - ñ‚èœ Ü‰î ñ£FK Hó„ê¬ùè¬÷ ðŸP
ÜP‰F¼‚Aø£˜èœ. ( syn: People are aware of such problems )
d. Birth is a natural process and it is treated as such ( pat: as such )
- HøŠ¹ â¡ð¶ å¼ ÞòŸ¬èò£ù ªêò™ Ý°‹. Ü¬î
Ü‰î ñ£FK«ò ( ÞòŸ¬èò£è ) ïìˆî Ü™ô¶ G¬ù‚è
«õ‡´‹.
Meaning 2: Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚° Ü™ô¶ Iè¾‹.
e. He is such a nice person - Üõ˜

Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚° ï™ô ñQî˜
Ýõ£˜ Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜ Iè¾‹ ï™ô ñQî˜ Ýõ£˜.
f. It is such a long way from here - Ü¶ ÞƒA¼‰¶ Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚°
ÜFè ªî£¬ô¾ Ý°‹.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªêò™ ªêŒò º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Þ¡ªù£¼ ªêò™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
g. It is such a small house that I can’t go inside ( pat: such a noun
...that sent1 ) - ï£¡ àœ«÷ «ð£è º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° i´
CPòî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
h. She drives a car at such a speed that she is unable to contol the
car - Üõœ è£¬ó è†´Šð´ˆî º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Üõœ
è£¬ó «õèñ£è æ†Áø£œ.
i. He sings a song in such a way that no one can hear ( pat: in such
a way that sent1 ) - ò£¼‹ «è†è º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° Üõ¡
ð£ì¬ô ð£Áø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: there is no such a thing / man - Ü‰î ñ£FK
ªð£¼œ Ü™ô¶ ñQî˜ â¶¾‹ / ò£¼‹ Þ™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: such as - «ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèœ Ü™ô¶
«ð£¡ø¬õèœ.
j. I have books such as maths and physics - ï£¡ èí‚° ñŸÁ‹
ÞòŸHò™ «ð£¡ø ¹ˆîèƒèœ ¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡.
120. That
Meaning 1: that-¡ ð¡¬ñ õ®õ‹ those Ý°‹. that - Ü¶, Ü‰î.

those - Ü¬õèœ, Ü‰î
a. That is not true - Ü¶ à‡¬ñ Þ™¬ô.
b. I have that fever again - âù‚° e‡´‹
Ü‰î è£Œ„ê™
Þ¼‚Aø¶. Ýù£™ I have such fever again
â¡ø£™ âù‚°
e‡´‹ Ü‰î ñ£FK è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ âù ªð£¼œð´‹.
c. These are better than those - Þ¬õèœ Ü¬õè¬÷ Mì
d. Those apples are costly - Ü‰î ÝŠHœèœ ÜFè M¬ôJ™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Meaning 2: that-Ýù¶ relative pronoun Ýè ðò¡ðÁø¶. Þî¡
ªð£¼œèÀ‚° W›è‡ì â´ˆ¶‚è£†´è¬÷ ð£˜‚è¾‹.
e. The apple that is red is tasty - â‰î ÝŠHœ CèŠð£è
Þ¼‚Aø«î£ Ü‰î ÝŠHœ / Ü¶ ²¬õò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. ÞF™
that is red â¡ð¶ apple¬ò IèŠð´ˆ¶Aø¶. The apple is
tasty â¡ð¶ ºî¡¬ñ õ£‚Aò‹ Ý°‹. Þ¬î Þ¼
õ£‚Aòƒè÷£è HK‚èô£‹. Üî£õ¶, The apple is red. And
The apple is tasty. cƒèœ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ Þƒ°
°PŠH†ì ñ£FK âOî£ù õ£‚Aòƒè¬÷
ðò¡ð´ˆ¶ƒèœ.
f. â‰î «ð‚ ï£¡
The bag I bought in Delhi is very beautiful -
ªì™LJ™ õ£ƒAù«ù£ Ü¶ Iè¾‹ Üöè£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Þî¡ Þ¼ õ£‚Aòƒèœ: I bought the bag in Delhi. The bag is
very beautiful.
Meaning 3: that-Ýù¶ Þ¼ õ£‚AòˆF¡ Þ¬ìJ™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ “â¡Á”
âù ªð£¼œð´‹.
g. He says that he eat food - Üõ¡ àí¾ ê£ŠHÁø£¡ â¡Á
Üõ¡ ªê£™Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: with that / then / after that ( pat: sent1, with that,
sent2 ) - Hø°.
Üõ¡ 10
h. He walks for 10 miles. With that, he goes to school -
¬ñ™èœ ïì‚Aø£¡. Hø° Üõ¡ ðœO‚° ªê™Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: that’s why - Üîù£™ î£¡, that’s where - Üƒ«è
î£¡ Ü™ô¶ Þƒ«è î£¡, that’s what - Ü¬î î£¡, Þ¬î î£¡.
i. I hit him. That’s why, he fell down - ï£¡ Üõ¬ù Ü®ˆ«î¡.
Üîù£™ î£¡, Üõ¡ W«ö M¿‰î£¡.
j. Þ¶
This is Selliamman Nagar. That’s where, I live -
ªê™Lò‹ñ¡ ïè˜ Ý°‹. Þƒ«è î£¡, ï£¡ õC‚A«ø¡.
k. That’s what I told him - Ü¬î î£¡ Ü™ô¶ Þ¬î î£¡ ï£¡
ÜõQì‹ ªê£¡«ù¡.
l. That’s what I think - Ü¬î î£¡ ï£¡ G¬ù‚A«ø¡.
ãŸèù«õ ªê£¡ù õ£‚AòˆF¡
Phrase Meaning 3: that of -
ªð£¼¬÷ °P‚è Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
m. The car made in England is same as that of India - ÞƒAô£‰F™
îò£K‚èŠð†ì è£¼‹ Þ‰Fò£M™ îò£K‚èŠð†ì è£¼‹
( that of India ) å«ó ñ£FKò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ¬î ÞŠð®»‹
â¿îô£‹: The car made in England is the same as the car
made in India ( that of = the car made in )
n. Your height is same as that of mine / Your height is same as my
height - àƒèÀ¬ìò àòóº‹ â¡Â¬ìò àòóº‹ å«ó
ñ£FKò£è Ü™ô¶ Ü÷õ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 4: those who - ò£ªó™ô£‹...Üõ˜èœ, that’s it -
å¼ ªêò™ º®‰¶ M†ì¶, that’s to say - Üî£õ¶ êKò£è
ªê£¡ù£™, not ( all ) that + adjective - adjective-M¡ ªð£¼œ Ü‰î
Ü÷¾‚° Þ™¬ô.
o. Those who appears for the exam are called for the interview -
ò£ªó™ô£‹ «î˜¾ â¿Fù£˜è«÷£ Üõ˜èœ «ï˜è£í½‚°
Ü¬ö‚èŠðÁø£˜èœ.
p. Those who wears red shirt, please go to other side - ò£ªó™ô£‹
CèŠ¹ ê†¬ì ÜE‰F¼‚Aø£˜è«÷£ Üõ˜èœ îò¾ ªêŒ¶
Ü´ˆîŠ ð‚èˆFŸ° «ð£è¾‹.
q. That’s it - ( å¼ è¬î Ü™ô¶ ªêò™ ) º®‰¶ M†ì¶.

r. I used two colors, that is to say, red and blue - ï£¡ Þó‡´
èô˜è¬÷ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶A«ø¡, Üî£õ¶ êKò£è ªê£¡ù£™,
CèŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ cô‹ Ý°‹.
s. The movie is not all that good / The movie is not so good / It is not
such a good movie - CQñ£ ðì‹ Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚° ï¡ø£è
Þ™¬ô.
121. Then
Meaning 1: “Hø°”, Üî£õ¶, Þ¼ ªêò™èœ å¡ø¡ H¡ å¡ø£è
ïìŠð¬î Þ¶ °P‚°‹.
a. Mix the flour. Then / (After that), add eggs - ñ£¬õ ï¡ø£è
èô‚è¾‹. Hø°, º†¬ìè¬÷ «ê˜‚è¾‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: until then - Ü¶õ¬ó‚°‹.
b. We meet next week. Until then bye bye - ï£‹ Ü´ˆî õ£ó‹
ê‰F‚èô£‹. Ü¶õ¬ó‚°‹ ì£†ì£.
c. The results come next month. Until then, we don’t know anything
- «î˜¾ º®¾èœ Ü´ˆî ñ£î‹ õ¼Aø¶. Ü¶õ¬ó‚°‹,
âƒèÀ‚° â¶¾‹ ªîKò£¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: from then on / since then - ÜŠ«ð£FL¼‰¶,
back then / in those days - Ü‰î è£ôˆF™, Ü‰î êñòˆF™, Ü‰î
ï£†èO™, ÜŠ«ð£¬îò ï£†èO™.
d. I met him in 1980. From then on / Since then, we are good friends
- ï£¡ Üõ¬ó 1980™ ê‰Fˆ«î¡. ÜŠ«ð£FL¼‰¶, ï£ƒèœ
ï™ô ï‡ð˜è÷£è Þ¼‚A«ø£‹.
e. My father got the salary of Rs 200. In those days, that is big amount
- â¡Â¬ìò ÜŠð£ 200 Ïð£Œ ê‹ð÷‹ ªðŸø£˜. Ü‰î
ï£†èO™ Ü¶ ªðKò ªî£¬è Ý°‹.
f. Back then, people got married at the age of 15 - Ü‰î
ï£†èO™
Ü™ô¶ Ü‰î è£ôˆF™ ñ‚èœ 15 õòF™ F¼ñí‹
ªêŒ¶‚ªè£‡ìù˜.
122. There
Meaning 1: there å¼ õ£‚AòˆF™ ºîL™ õ‰î£™ “Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶
ïì‚Aø¶” â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹, there å¼ õ£‚AòˆF™ è¬ìCJ™
õ‰î£™ “Üƒ«è” â¡ø ªð£¼ÀìÂ‹ õ¼‹.
ÝŠHœ Þ¼‚Aø¶. Þ¶ ¬è¬ò è£‡Hˆ¶
a. There is an apple -
Ü™ô¶ ¬è¬ò c†® ÝŠHœ Þ¼‚Aø¶ â¡Á ÃÁõ¶
Ý°‹.
b. There was accident in Salem - «êôˆF™ Mðˆ¶ ïì‰î¶.
c. Is there any milk left? - ð£™ ãî£õ¶ eî‹ Þ¼‚Aøî£?
d. The pen is there - «ðù£ Üƒ«è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
e. You go there - cƒèœ Üƒ«è «ð£è¾‹.
123. Thereafter
Meaning 1: ÜîŸ°Š Hø°
a. First, Two people bought the car. Thereafter, more people bought
the car - ºîL™ Þó‡´ «ð˜ è£˜ õ£ƒAù£˜èœ. ÜîŸ°Š
Hø°, ðô˜ è£˜ õ£ƒAù£˜èœ.
124. Thereby / Therefore
Meaning 1: âù«õ, Ýîô£™, Ý¬èò£™. Þ¶ å¼ ªêòL¡ M¬÷¬õ

°P‚Aø¶. ( syn: as a result / so that / thus / hence )
a. I hit him. Therby / Therefore, he fell down - ï£¡ Üõ¬ù
Ü®ˆ«î¡. Ýîô£™ / âù«õ, Üõ¡ W«ö M¿‰î£¡.
b. He came here thereby eating the Idly / He came here. Thereby,
he ate the Idly - Üõ¡ Þƒ° õ‰îî£™ Þ†L ê£ŠH†ì£¡
Ü™ô¶ Üõ¡ Þƒ° õ‰î£¡. Ýîô£™ Üõ¡ Þ†L
ê£ŠH†ì£¡.
125. This
Meaning 1: this-¡ ð¡¬ñ õ®õ‹ these Ý°‹. this - Þ¶, Þ‰î.
these - Þ¬õèœ, Þ‰î.
a. How to solve these problems? - Þ‰î Hó„ê¬ùè¬÷ b˜Šð¶

âŠð®?
b. This is a new car - Þ¶ ¹¶ è£˜ Ý°‹.
c. This topic will be discussed later - Þ‰î î¬ôŠ¹ Hø° Ü™ô¶
H¡ù£™ Mõ£F‚èŠð´‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: in these days - îŸ«ð£¬îò ï£†èO™.
åšªõ£¼ˆî¼‹
d. Everyone seems to be busy these days -
îŸ«ð£¬îò ï£†èO™ HRò£è è£íŠðÁø£˜èœ.
Þ¡ªù£¼õKì‹ å¼õ˜ àƒè¬÷ ÜPºè‹
Phrase Meaning 2:
ªêŒò¾‹, «ð£Q™ Ü´ˆîõKì‹ “ï£¡ î£¡ ó«ñv
«ð²A«ø¡” â¡Á Ãø¾‹ Þ¶ ªð£¼œðÁø¶.
e. Hi, this is John / Hi, please meet John - ý£Œ,
Þ¶ î£¡ ü£¡.
Þ¶ ÜPºè‹ ªêŒ¶ ¬õ‚èŠ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
f. This is Ramesh speaking / This is Ramesh - ï£¡ î£¡ ó«ñv
«ð²A«ø¡.
126. Though
Meaning 1: Although-¡ â™ô£Š ªð£¼œè¬÷»‹ ð£˜‚è¾‹.

Meaning 2: Þ¼‰î «ð£F½‹ ( pat: though adj )
Ü¬øèœ CPòî£è
a. The rooms though small is very good -
Þ¼‰î£½‹ Iè¾‹ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. He eats that food though bad - Üõ¡ Ü‰î àí¾ «ñ£êñ£è
Þ¼‰î£½‹ ê£ŠHÁø£¡.
127. Through
Meaning 1: õNò£è, Íôñ£è ( °PŠ¹: along-â¡ø£™ «è£´ «ð£¡ø

ªð£¼œèœ õNò£è ªê™õ¶ Ý°‹. )
a. I walked through the forest - ï£¡ è£´ õNò£è ïì‰«î¡.
b. I go to Trichy through Perambalur ( syn: via ) - ï£¡ ªðó‹ðÖ˜
õNò£è F¼„C ªê™A«ø¡.
c. The bullet pass through his skull - °‡´ ÜõÂ¬ìò ñ‡¬ì

å´ õNò£è ªê™Aø¶.
d. l see her through window - ï£¡ ü¡ù™ õNò£è Üõ¬÷
ð£˜ˆ«î¡.
e. l got the job through employment agency ( syn: by means of / by )
- âù‚° «õ¬ô õ£ƒA î¼‹ GÁõù‹ Íôñ£è «õ¬ô
A¬ìˆî¶.
f. l heard the news through Selvam - ï£¡ ªê™õ‹ Íôñ£è
ªêŒF¬ò‚ «è†«ì¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: time1 ... through ....time2 / from time1 to time2 -
è£ô‹1 L¼‰¶ è£ô‹2 õ¬ó.
ï£¡ Fƒèœ Aö¬ñJL¼‰¶
g. I work Monday through Friday -
ªõœO õ¬ó «õ¬ô ªêŒA«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: half way through ( syn: in the middle ) - å¼
ªêòL¡ ð£FJ™.
h. I left half way through the movie / I left the movie in the middle -
ï£¡ CQñ£ ðìˆF¡ ð£FJ™ A÷‹H M†«ì¡.
128. Throughout
Meaning 1: å¼ ð°F º¿õ¶‹, è£ô‹ º¿õ¶‹, â™ô£ ð°FèO½‹,

â™ô£ «ïóº‹.
a. The company has offices throughout / across the world - è‹ðQ
àôè‹ º¿õF½‹ ÝHvè¬÷ ¬õˆF¼‚Aø¶.
b. The shop opens on Sunday throughout the year - è¬ì õ¼ì‹
º¿õ¶‹ ë£JŸÁAö¬ñèO™ Fø‚èŠð´‹.
129. Till
Meaning 1: õ¬ó, õ¬ó‚°‹. ( syn : until / up to )

a. The shop opens till 9 o’clock in the night - è¬ì Þó¾ 9 ñE
õ¬ó Fø‰F¼‚°‹.
b. I studied English till I was 28 - ï£¡ 28 õò¶ õ¬ó ( ï£¡ )

ÝƒAô‹ èŸ«ø¡.
c. I cook the food till evening - ï£¡ ê£òƒè£ô‹ õ¬ó
ê¬ñ‚A«ø¡.
130. To
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼œ âƒ«è ªê™Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ÜÂŠððÁø¶
â¡Á ÃÁõîŸ° to ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( °PŠ¹: å¼ ªð£¼œ âƒ«è
Þ ¼ ‚ A ø ¶ â ¡ Á Ã ø at, in, on « ð £ ¡ ø õ £ ˜ ˆ ¬ î è œ
ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶ )
a. He goes to the market - Üõ¡ è¬ì‚° ªê™Aø£¡.
b. You send the letter to Delhi - cƒèœ ªì™L‚° è®îˆ¬î
ÜÂŠð¾‹.
Meaning 2: Þ¶ infinitive verb-Ýè õ¼‹«ð£¶ “‚°” âù ªð£¼œð´‹.
c. I tried to explain ( pat: to do sth ) - ï£¡ MKõ£è ªê£™õîŸ°
ºòŸC‚A«ø¡.
d. I want to marry her - ï£¡ Üõ¬÷ F¼ñí‹ ªêŒõîŸ°
M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
ï£¡ Üõ¡ Üõ¬÷ F¼ñí‹
e. I want him to marry her -
ªêŒõîŸ° M¼‹¹A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ Üõ¡ Üõ¬÷ F¼ñí‹
ªêŒõîŸ° ï£¡ M¼‹¹A«ø¡.
Meaning 3: å¼ ªêòL¡ «ï£‚èˆ¬î Ãø Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
M¬ù»ì¡ “âîŸ°” â¡ø «èœM¬ò «è†°‹ «ð£¶ «ï£‚è‹
M¬ìò£è õ¼‹. ( syn: for doing sth / for sth )
f. I go to Singapore to meet my friend ( pat: to do sth / to sth ) / I go
to Singapore for meeting my friend - ï£¡ â¡Â¬ìò ï‡ð¬ù
ê‰FŠðîŸ° CƒèŠÌ˜ ªê™A«ø¡.
Meaning 4: M¬ù¬ò ªðò˜„ªê£™ô£è ñ£ŸÁõîŸ° Þ¶ ðò¡ðÁø¶.
g. To walk / Walking is the best exercise - ïìˆî™ ï™ô àìŸðJŸC
Ý°‹. ( °PŠ¹: walk â¡ø£™ ïì. To walk â¡ø£™ ïìˆî™,
Þ¶ å¼ ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. )
h. To read the book / The book reading is important for children -
¹ˆîè‹ ð®ˆî™ °ö‰¬îèÀ‚° Iè º‚Aòñ£ù¶ Ý°‹.
Meaning 5: å¼ ªêò¬ô è‡®Šð£è ªêŒò«õ‡´‹ âù‚ Ãø Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
i. You are to go ( pat: be to do sth ) / You must go / You have to go /
You should go - cƒèœ è‡®Šð£è ªê™ô Ü™ô¶ «ð£è
«õ‡´‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: to and fro - º¡Â‹ H¡Â‹
j. The swing moves to and fro - á…ê™ º¡Â‹ H¡Â‹
ïè¼Aø¶.
131. Today
Meaning 1: Þ¡Á, Þ¡¬øò ï£†èO™ Þ¼‚°‹ ªð£¼œ
a. I do not go to college today - ï£¡ Þ¡Á è™ÖK ªê™ôM™¬ô.
b. Today’s computers are very fast - Þ¡¬øò
ï£†èO™ Þ¼‚°‹
è‹ŠÎ†ì˜èœ «õèñ£è ªêò™ðÁø¶.
c. Today is Monday - Þ¡Á Fƒè†Aö¬ñ Ý°‹.
132. Together
Meaning 1: ªñ£ˆîñ£è, ðô˜ å¡ø£è Þ¬í‰¶ Ü™ô¶ «ê˜‰¶ «õ¬ô

ªêŒõ¶, å¡ø£è «ê˜ˆ¶, à¬ì‰î å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ å¡ø£è Þ¬íŠð¶,
ðô ªð£¼œè¬÷ å«ó ÞìˆF™ «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õŠð¶ «ð£¡ø
ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼‹.
a. We work together - ï£ƒèœ å¡ø£è «ê˜‰¶ «õ¬ô
ªêŒA«ø£‹.
ªõ‡ªíŒ ñŸÁ‹
b. Mix the butter and sugar together -
ê˜‚è¬ó¬ò å¡ø£è «ê˜ˆ¶ èô‚è¾‹.
c. You join the broken parts together - cƒèœ à¬ì‰î ð£èƒè¬÷
å¡ø£è Þ¬í»ƒèœ.
d. You keep all the letters together - cƒèœ â™ô£ è®îƒè¬÷»‹
å¡ø£è «ê˜ˆ¶ ¬õ»ƒèœ.
e. I have 10 medals together - â¡Qì‹ ªñ£ˆîñ£è 10
ðî‚èƒèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: They live together - Üõ˜èœ èíõ¡

ñ¬ùM»ñ£è «ê˜‰¶ õ£›Aø£˜èœ.
Phrase Meaning 2: together with sth - å¼ ªð£¼Àì¡ sth¬ò
«ê˜ˆ¶.
f. You bring the money together with the bill - cƒèœ ðíˆ¶ì¡
H™¬ô»‹ Ü™ô¶ óY¬î»‹ «ê˜ˆ¶ ªè£‡´õ£¼ƒèœ.
133. Too
Meaning 1: Iè¾‹, ªó£‹ð, å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚°

Þ¡ªù£¡Á Iè¾‹ ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
a. The car engine makes too much noise - è£˜ â…C¡ ªó£‹ð
ÜFè êˆî‹ «ð£Áø¶.
b. There are too many cars on the road - «ó£†®™ Iè¾‹ Ü™ô¶
ªó£‹ð ÜFè è£˜èœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. Üõ˜ ïì‚è
He is too old to walk ( pat: too adj to do sth ) -
º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° ªó£‹ð õòî£A Þ¼‚Aø£˜. ( syn: He is
too old. He is unable to walk )
Meaning 2: too õ£‚AòˆF¡ è¬ìCJ™ õ¼‹ «ð£¶ “Ãì” â¡ø

ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
d. I am hungry. Me too - âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶. âù‚°‹ Ãì î£¡.
e. Can I come too? - ï£Â‹ Ãì õó†´ñ£?
f. We go to Goa. He comes too - ï£ƒèœ «è£õ£ ªê™A«ø£‹.
Üõ¡ Ãì õ¼Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: sth is too much for sb - sth¬ò sbÝ™
î£ƒè
º®òM™¬ô Ü™ô¶ î£‚° H®‚è º®òM™¬ô. Ü™ô¶
sthÝù¶ sb‚° º®ò£î è£Kò‹ Ý°‹.
g. The shock is too much for her - ÜF˜„C¬ò Üõ÷£™ î£ƒè
º®òM™¬ô.
h. Working at night is too much for him - ÞóM™ «õ¬ô ªêŒõ¶
ÜõÂ‚° º®ò£î è£Kò‹ Ý°‹.
134. Towards
Meaning 1: º¡«ù£‚A, å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ «ï£‚A.
a. He walks towards the river - Üõ¡ ÝŸ¬ø «ï£‚A ïì‚Aø£¡.
b. He runs towards the bus - Üõ¡ ðv¬ú «ï£‚A æÁø£¡.
135. Under
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ W«ö, å¼ ªð£¼O¡ Ü®J™. (°PŠ¹:
ÞîŸ° å¼ ªð£¼O¡ Ü®Šð°F ( underneath / bottom ) â¡Á
ªð£¼œðì£¶.)
a. You put the box under the bed - cƒèœ ªð†®¬ò è†®½‚°
Ü®J™ ¬õ‚è¾‹.
b. Write your name under / below the picture - àƒèÀ¬ìò
ªðò¬ó ðìˆFŸ° W«ö â¿î¾‹.
c. He wears the banian under the shirt - Üõ¡
ê†¬ì‚° Ü®J™
Ü™ô¶ àœ«÷ ðQò¡ ÜE‰F¼‚Aø£¡.
Meaning 2: å¼ â‡E¡ ñFŠ¹ ÞîŸ° W«ö Ü™ô¶ Þ¬îMì
°¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶, å¼ ªêò™ ÞõK¡ îô¬ñJ™ Ü™ô¶
ÜFè£óˆF™ ïì‚Aø¶ «ð£¡ø ªð£¼œèÀì¡ õ¼Aø¶.
d. The toy is not suitable for children under / below 5 years -
ªð£‹¬ñ 5 õ¼ì õòFŸ° W«ö àœ÷ °ö‰¬îèÀ‚°
àè‰î¶ Ü™ô.
e. The price of the car is under 5 lacs - è£K¡ M¬ô 5 ô†êˆFŸ°‹
°¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. The strike is under him - «ð£ó£†ì‹ ÜõK¡ îô¬ñJ™
ïì‚Aø¶.
g. The strike is happened under him - «ð£ó£†ì‹ ÜõK¡
îô¬ñJ™ ïìˆîŠðÁø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: under + noun - nounQ¡
ªð£¼œ îŸ«ð£¶
ïì‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ ïì‚Aø¶, under + noun - å¼
ªð£¼œ nounQ¡ ªð£¼÷£™ è†´Šð£†´‚°œ Þ¼‚Aø¶
Ü™ô¶ ð£F‚èŠðÁø¶.
h. The work is under progress - «õ¬ô îŸ«ð£¶

º¡«ùP‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø¶.
i. The idea is under discussion - è¼ˆ¶ îŸ«ð£¶ Mõ£ˆF™
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
j. The car is under control - è£˜ è†´Šð£†´‚°œ Þ¼‚Aø¶
k. She is under the lot of work pressure - Üõœ ÜFè «õ¬ô
ðÀõ£™ ð£F‚èŠðÁø£œ.
cƒèœ ¹¬ùŠªðòK™ è¬î, è†´¬ó
Phrase Meaning 2:
«ð£¡ø¬õè¬÷ â¿¶õ¶ Ý°‹.
l. He writes the story under the name of Raja - Üõ¡ ó£ü£ â¡øŠ
ªðòK™ è¬î â¿¶Aø£¡.
136. Underlying
Meaning 1: Iè º‚Aòñ£ù, ñ¬øºè è£óí‹, Hó„ê¬ù.....

a. The underlying problem for the accident is unable to find -
MðˆFŸè£ù Iè º‚Aòñ£ù Hó„ê¬ù Ü™ô¶ ñ¬øºè
Hó„ê¬ù¬ò è‡´H®‚è º®òM™¬ô.
137. Underneath
Meaning 1: W«ö, å¼ ªð£¼O¡ Ü®Šð°FJ™

a. The road is underneath the bridge - «ó£´ ð£ôˆFŸ° W«ö
Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. The bike is rusty underneath ( syn: lower part of sth )- ¬ð‚A¡
Ü®Šð°FJ™ ¶¼ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
138. Unless
Meaning 1: If not - ºî™ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ õ£‚Aò‹ âF˜ñ¬øò£è
Þ¼‰î£™, Þó‡ì£õ¶ õ£‚AòˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ªêò™ ïì‚°‹.
a. Unless you study, you will fail / If you do not study, you will fail -
cƒèœ ð®‚èM™¬ô â¡ø£™, cƒèœ ªðJô£A Mí˜èœ.
139. Unlike
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ Ü™ô¶ ªêò¬ô «ð£ô / «ð£¡Á Þ™¬ô.

a. He is unlike his father - Üõ¡ ÜõÂ¬ìò ÜŠð£¬õ «ð£ô
Þ™¬ô.
Meaning 2: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõ¶ M«ù£îñ£è Ü™ô¶
MòŠð£è Ü™ô¶ ¹¶¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Üõ¡ °ö‰¬îè¬÷
b. It is unlike him to scold the children -
F†´õ¶ MòŠð£è Ü™ô¶ ¹¶¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
c. Üõ¡ Iè¾‹ ÜFèñ£è
It is unlike him to drink so much -
°®Šð¶ MòŠð£è Ü™ô¶ ¹¶¬ñò£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
140. Unlikely
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò™ ÜKî£è ïì‚Aø¶.

a. It is unlikely to rain ( pat: unlikely to do sth ) - ñ¬ö ªðŒõ¶
ÜKî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
b. The health is unlikely to improve - àì™ïô‹ «îÁõ¶ Iè
ÜK¶ Ý°‹.
c. It is unlikely that he will come here - Üõ˜ Þƒ° õ¼õ¶ Iè¾‹
ÜK¶ Ý°‹.
141. Up
Meaning 1: «ñ™«ï£‚A, å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñ™ð°FJ™
a. He walks slowly up the hill - Üõ˜ ñ¬ôJ™ «ñ™«ï£‚A

ªñ¶õ£è ïì‚Aø£˜.
b. He climbs up the tree - Üõ˜ ñóˆF™ «ñ™«ï£‚A ãÁAø£˜.
c. He is up - Üõ˜ ã«î£ ªð£¼O™ «ñ™«ï£‚A ªê™Aø£˜
Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜ å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñ™ ð°FJ™ Þ¼‚Aø£˜.
Üõ¡ ãEJ¡ «ñ™ð°FJ™ Ü™ô¶
d. He is up the ladder -
à„CJ™ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: up to sth - sth õ¬ó,

Þ¶ Éó‹, â‡E‚¬è
«ð£¡ø¬õèÀ‚° Þ¶ õ¼‹. è£ôˆFŸ° until / till ÜFèñ£è
õ¼‹. ( syn: till / until )
Ü¬ø 1000 «ð˜ õ¬ó
e. The room holds up to 1000 people -
H®‚°‹ Ü™ô¶ Ü¬øJ™ 1000 «ð˜ Üñóô£‹.
f. I work until / till 8 PM - ï£¡ ñ£¬ô 8 ñE õ¬ó «õ¬ô
ªêŒA«ø¡.
g. I walk up to the hill - ï£¡ ñ¬ô õ¬ó‚°‹ ïì‚A«ø¡.
Phrase Meaning 2: up by ( syn: is increased by ) - ÜFèKˆF¼‚Aø¶,
up to sb - å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒõ¶ sbJ¡ ªð£ÁŠ¹ Ý°‹.
M¬ô 5 Ïð£Œ ÜFèKˆF¼‚Aø¶
h. The price is up by Rs 5 -
Ü™ô¶ ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
i. Þ¶ à¡Â¬ìò ªð£ÁŠ¹ Ü™ô¶ cƒèœ
It is up to you -
â¡ù «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ º®¾ ªêŒòô£‹.
j. It is up to the police to warn the people ( pat: It is up to sb to do sth
) - ñ‚è¬÷ â„êKŠð¶ «ð£LR¡ ªð£ÁŠ¹ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 3: Time is up. Stop writing - «ïó‹ º®‰¶ M†ì¶.
â¿¶õ¬î GÁˆî¾‹.
å¼õ˜ «ê£èñ£ù G¬ôJ™
Phrase Meaning 4: What is up? -
Þ¼‚°‹«ð£¶, cƒèœ ÜõKì‹ â¡ù Ý„² àƒèÀ‚° â¡Á
«è†ðî£°‹. ( syn: what happened to you? )
142. Upon
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñŸðóŠH™, å¼ ªð£¼O¡ «ñ™. ( syn:

on / onto )
a. He throw the ball upon the ground - Üõ˜ ð‰¬î î¬óJ¡
«ñŸðóŠH™ âP‰î£˜.
Phrase Meaning 1: once upon a time - º¡¹ å¼ è£ôˆF™.
b. Once upon a time, there was a king - º¡ªð£¼ è£ôˆF™ å¼
ó£ü£ Þ¼‰î£˜.
Phrase Meaning 2: on / upon receipt of sth - sth¬ò ªðŸø Hø°,

sth õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î Hø°.
c. Upon the receipt of complaint, the police will take the action - ¹è£˜
ªðŸø Hø°, «ð£Lv ïìõ®‚¬è â´‚°‹.
d. Upon the receipt of money, the book will be issued - ðíˆ¬î
ªðŸø Hø°, ¹ˆîè‹ ªè£´‚èŠð´‹.
143. Upside down
Meaning 1: å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ î¬ôWö£è èM›ˆ¶ ¬õˆî™

a. You keep the bottle upside down - cƒèœ ð£†®¬ô î¬ôWö£è
¬õ‚è¾‹.
144. Upstairs
Meaning 1: å¼ è†®ìˆF¡ «ñ™ñ£®¬ò «ï£‚A, «ñ™ñ£®J™. Þî¡
âF˜ªê£™ downstairs - W›ñ£®¬ò «ï£‚A, W›ñ£®J™.
a. He is upstairs - Üõ¡ «ñ™ñ£®J™ Þ¼‚Aø£¡.
Üõ¡ «ñ™ñ£®¬ò «ï£‚A «ð£Aø£¡
b. He goes to upstairs -
Ü™ô¶ «ñ™ ñ£®‚° «ð£Aø£¡.
145. Uptodate
Meaning 1: îŸè£ôˆFò, ïiùñ£ù, îŸ«ð£¬îò. ( syn: latest / modern)
a. This is uptodate technology - Þ¶ ïiùñ£ù ªî£N™¸†ð‹
Ý°‹.
146. Upwards
Meaning 1: «ñ™«ï£‚A Ü™ô¶ «ñ™«ï£‚Aò F¬êJ™. Þî¡

âF˜ªê£™ downwards - W›«ï£‚A
a. If you heat the water, bubbles comes upwards / upward -
î‡a¬ó ªè£F‚è ¬õˆî£™ c˜°INèœ «ñ™«ï£‚A
õ¼‹.
b. The book cover comes up / upwards - ¹ˆîè Ü†¬ì
«ñ™«ï£‚A õ¼Aø¶.
147. Used to
Meaning 1: å¼ ªêò¬ô º¡¹ ªêŒF¼Šd˜èœ. Ýù£™ îŸ«ð£¶
Ü‰î ªêò¬ô ªêŒòñ£†¯˜èœ.
ï£¡ G¬øò
a. I used to eat more mutton ( pat: use to do sth ) -
Ý†®¬ø„C ê£ŠH†´‚A†´¼‰«î¡. Üî£õ¶ º¡¹ ï£¡
G¬øò Ý†®¬ø„C ê£ŠH†«ì¡. Ýù£™ îŸ«ð£¶ ï£¡
Ý†®¬ø„C¬ò ê£ŠH´õF™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: be used to do sth - å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒò cƒèœ
àƒè¬÷ ðö‚èŠð´ˆF ªè£œÀî™. ( syn: get used to / adapt to
ï£¡ è´ƒ°Oó£ù
b. I was used to live in the cold weather -
î†ðªõŠðG¬ôJ™ õ£ö ðöA ªè£‡«ì¡.
148. Very
Meaning 1: Iè¾‹
a. He is very good boy - Üõ¡ Iè¾‹ ï™ô ¬ðò¡.
b. Thank you very much - àƒèÀ‚° Iè¾‹ ï¡P Ü™ô¶
àƒèÀ‚° I‚è ï¡P.
149. Via
Meaning 1: õNò£è, Þ¶ å¼ á¼‚° â‰î õNò£è ªê™õ¶ â¡ø
ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
a. You go to Mettur via Mechari - cƒèœ «ñ†Ç¼‚° «ñ„«êK
õNò£è «ð£è¾‹.
150. Way
Meaning 1: Þ¶ å¼ ªðò˜ªê£™ Ý°‹. º¬øèœ Ü™ô¶
õNº¬øèœ, õN, ð£¬î, F¬ê.
a. This is the best way to eat ( pat: way to do sth ) - Þ¶
ê£ŠH´õîŸ° IèCø‰î õN Ý°‹.
b. Please tell me the way to the bank - îò¾ªêŒ¶ âù‚°
«ðƒ‚°‚° «ð£è õN ªê£™½ƒèœ.
c. You go this way - cƒèœ Þ‰î õNJ™ ªê™½ƒèœ.
d. Which way is North? - â‰î F¬ê õì‚° Ý°‹?
Phrase Meaning 1: It is long way from sth - Þ¶ sthL¼‰¶ ªó£‹ð

ªî£¬ô¾ Ü™ô¶ Éó‹ Ý°‹. sth1 is long way from sth2 -
sth1Ýù¶ sth2L¼‰¶ ªó£‹ð ªî£¬ô¾ Ü™ô¶ Éó‹ Ý°‹.
e. It is long way - Þ¶ ÜFè ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
f. It is long way from Chennai - Þ¶ ªê¡¬ùJL¼‰¶ ÜFè
ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
g. Salem is long way from Chennai - «êô‹ ªê¡¬ùJL¼‰¶
ÜFè ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 2: He is on the way - Ü õ ˜ õ N J ™
õ‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜. He is on the way to office - Üõ˜
ÝHv‚° õ‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 3: sth1 clear / pave / prepare the way for sth2 (or to
do sth ) - sth1Ýù¶ sth2 ïìŠðîŸ° õNõ¬è ªêŒAø¶.
h. My research paved the way to develop the cognitive spoken
English - â¡Â¬ìò Ýó£Œ„C ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î «ð²‹ ÝƒAô‹
à¼õ£‚°õîŸ° õNõ¬è ªêŒî¶.
Phrase Meaning 4: one way or another / somehow - âŠð®ò£õ¶
i. You do it one way or another / somehow - cƒèœ âŠð®ò£õ¶
Ü¬î ªêŒ»ƒèœ.
å¼
Phrase Meaning 5: to put it another way / in other words -
Mêòˆ¬î «õÁ Mîñ£è ªê£¡ù£™ Ü™ô¶ å¼ Mêòˆ¬î
Þ¡Â‹ âOî£è ªê£¡ù£™.
j. This process produces more output. To put it another way, this
process is a simple one - Þ‰î º¬ø ÜFè ªð£¼œè¬÷
àŸðˆF ªêŒAø¶. Þ¬î «õÁ Mîñ£è ªê£¡ù£™, Þ‰î
õNº¬ø Iè âOî£ù å¡Á Ý°‹.
151. Well
Meaning 1: ï¡ø£è
a. You sleep well - cƒèœ ï¡ø£è Éƒ°ƒèœ.
b. Mix water and sugar very well - î‡a˜ ñŸÁ‹ ê˜‚è¬ó¬ò
Iè ï¡ø£è èô‚è¾‹.
Üõ˜ ï¡ø£è «õ¬ô

Phrase Meaning 1: He is doing well -
ªêŒAø£˜ Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜ ï¡ø£è ð®‚Aø£˜ Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜
ï¡ø£è å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒAø£˜.
Phrase Meaning 2: I am feeling well / I am well - ï£¡ ïôñ£è
Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
c. How are you? I am feeling well / I am fine - cƒèœ âŠð®
Þ¼‚Al˜èœ? ï£¡ ïôñ£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡.
152. What
Meaning 1: Þ¶ «èœMò£è õ¼‹«ð£¶ “â¡ù Ü™ô¶ â¬î” â¡ø
ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
a. What is your name? - àƒèÀ¬ìò ªðò˜ â¡ù?
b. What do you like? - cƒèœ â¡ù Ü™ô¶ â¬î M¼‹¹Al˜èœ?
c. What subject do you read? / What subject you read? ( pat: what
noun ... ) - cƒèœ â¡ù ð£ì‹ ð®‚Al˜èœ?
d. What color is the book? / What is the color of the book? / What is
the book color? - â¡ù Gø‹ ¹ˆîè‹? / ¹ˆîèˆF¡ Gø‹
â¡ù? / ¹ˆîè‹ Gø‹ â¡ù?
e. What do you mean? - cƒèœ ªê£™õF¡ ªð£¼œ Ü™ô¶
è¼ˆ¶ â¡ù?
Meaning 2: Þ¶ õ£‚AòƒèO™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ “â¡ù” âù ªð£¼œð´‹.
f. I do not know what happened ( pat: sent1 what sent2 ) - â¡ù
ïì‰î¶ â¡Á âù‚° ªîKò£¶.
g. You show me what you have in your hand - cƒèœ
àƒèÀ¬ìò
¬èJ™ â¡ù ¬õˆF¼‚Al˜èœ â¡Á âù‚° è£‡H‚è¾‹.
h. Do what I say - ï£¡
â¡ù ªê£™Aø«ù£ Ü¬î ªêŒ Ü™ô¶
ï£¡ ªê£™õ¬î ªêŒ.
i. What you do is wrong - cƒèœ â¡ù ªêŒAl˜è«÷£ Ü¶ îõÁ
Ý°‹.
j. What she needs is care and love - ÜõÀ‚° â¡ù «î¬õ
â¡ø£™ ð£¶è£Š¹ / èõQŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ Ü¡¹ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: what to do sth.

k. What to do now - ÞŠªð£¿¶ â¡ù ªêŒõ¶?
l. What to eat now? - ÞŠªð£¿¶ â¡ù ê£ŠH´õ¶?
m. I don’t know what to speak - â¡ù «ð²õ¶ â¡Á âù‚°
ªîKòM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 2: what for? - âîŸè£è? Ü™ô¶ âîŸ°?
n. What for this machine? - Þ‰î Þò‰Fó‹ âîŸ°?
o. He goes to Chennai. What for? - Üõ¡ ªê¡¬ù ªê™Aø£¡.
âîŸ°?
å¼ ªêò™ cƒèœ G¬ùˆî
Phrase Meaning 3: what if sent1? -
ñ£FK ïì‚èM™¬ô â¡ø£™ â¡ù ªêŒi˜èœ?
p. What if you fail in the exam? - cƒèœ «î˜M™ îõPù£™ â¡ù
ªêŒi˜èœ?
q. What if it rains today? - Þ¡Á ñ¬ö ªðŒî£™ â¡ù
ªêŒi˜èœ?
153. Whatever
Meaning 1: â¡ù™ô£‹, â¡ù«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹, â¡ù ªêŒî£½‹,

â¡ù ïì‰î£½‹, â¡ù ... Þ¼‰î£½‹, âî™ô£‹.
àƒèÀ‚° â¡ù™ô£‹
a. You eat whatever you want -
H®‚Aø«î£ Ü¬î ê£ŠH´ƒèœ.
b. I buy the car whatever the price is - â¡ù M¬ôò£è Þ¼‰î£½‹
ï£¡ è£˜ õ£ƒ°A«ø¡.
c. àƒèÀ‚° â¡ù™ô£‹
You take whatever you need -
«î¬õŠðÁø«î£ Ü¬îªò™ô£‹ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ.
ï£¡ â¡ù ªê£¡ù£½‹ Üõ¡
d. He listens whatever I say -
èõQ‚Aø£¡ Ü™ô¶ «è†Aø£¡.
e. I don’t care whatever you do - cƒèœ â¡ù ªêŒî£½‹ ï£¡
èõ¬ôŠðì ñ£†«ì¡.
Phrase Meaning 1: whatever noun - â‰î ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ â¡ù

ñ£FK
f. ï£ƒèœ â‰î ñ£FK «õ¬ô
He do whatever work we give -
ªè£´ˆî£½‹ Üõ¡ ªêŒõ£¡.
154. When
Meaning 1: Þ¶ «èœMò£è õ¼‹«ð£¶ “âŠ«ð£¶ Ü™ô¶ âŠªð£¿¶”

â¡ø ªð£¼O™ õ¼‹.
a. When is your birthday? - âŠªð£¿¶ àƒèÀ‚° Hø‰îï£œ?
b. I don’t know when to start - âŠªð£¿¶ ¹øŠð´õ¶ â¡Á
âù‚° ªîKòM™¬ô.
Meaning 2: Þ¶ õ£‚AòƒèO™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ “ªð£¿¶” âù
ªð£¼œð´‹.
c. I show you the computer when you come to my house - cƒèœ

â¡Â¬ìò i†®Ÿ° õ¼‹ªð£¿¶ ï£¡ àƒèÀ‚°
è‹ŠÎ†ì¬ó è£‡H‚A«ø¡.
d. When I was in college, I wrote the story - ï£¡ è™ÖKJ™
Þ¼‰îªð£¿¶ ï£¡ è¬î â¿F«ù¡.
Meaning 3: when-Ýù¶ relative pronoun Ýè ðò¡ðÁø¶. Þî¡
ªð£¼œèÀ‚° W›è‡ì â´ˆ¶‚è£†´è¬÷ ð£˜‚è¾‹.
â‰î ï£œ ï£¡
e. The day when I joined the college was rainy -
è™ÖKJ™ «ê˜‰î«ù£ ÜŠªð£¿¶ ñ¬öò£è Þ¼‰î¶.
Þî¡ Þ¼ õ£‚Aòƒèœ: I joined the college. At that time, It
was rainy - ï£¡ è™ÖKJ™ «ê˜‰«î¡. Ü‰î «ïóˆF™
Ü™ô¶ Ü‰î êñòˆF™ ñ¬öò£è Þ¼‰î¶ Ü™ô¶ ñ¬ö
ªðŒî¶.
f. ï£¡ Üõ¬÷ ê‰Fˆî
I remember the time (when) I met her -
«ïóˆ¬î ë£ðè‹ ¬õˆF¼‚A«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ Üõ¬÷
âŠªð£¿¶ ê‰Fˆ«î«ù£ Ü‰î «ïóˆ¬î ë£ðè‹
Meaning 4: Þ¼ ªêò™èœ å«ó êñòˆF™ ïìŠð¬î Ãø¾‹, å¼
ªêò™ ïì‰î Hø° ñŸªø£¼ ªêò™ ïì‚Aø¶ â¡Á Ãø¾‹ Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
g. When I go home, I call you - ï£¡ i†´‚° «ð£ù Hø°, ï£¡
àƒè¬÷ Ü¬ö‚A«ø¡. when¾ì¡ «ê˜‰¶ õ¼‹ õ£‚Aò‹
ºîL™ ïì‚°‹.
ï£¡ «ó£†®™
h. When I walk on the road, the tree fall down -
ïì‚A«ø¡. Ü«î êñòˆF™, ñó‹ W«ö M¿Aø¶. ( °PŠ¹:
ªð£¿¶ â¡ø õ£˜ˆ¬î‚° Ü«î êñòˆF™ â¡Á Ãì
ªð£¼œ ªè£œ÷ô£‹ )
155. Whenever
Meaning 1: âŠð™ô£‹, âŠªð£¿ªî™ô£‹.
a. Whenever I hear the sound, I wake up from the sleep -
âŠªð£¿ªî™ô£‹ ï£¡ êˆî¬î «è†Aø«ù£ ÜŠ«ð£¶
ï£¡ É‚èˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ â¿‰¶‚ªè£œA«ø¡.
âŠªð£¿ªî™ô£‹
b. You use bicycle whenever possible -
º®»«ñ£ ÜŠªð£¿¶ cƒèœ ¬ê‚A¬÷ ðò¡ð´ˆ¶ƒèœ.
156. Where
Meaning 1: Þ¶ «èœMò£è õ¼‹«ð£¶ “âƒ«è” â¡ø ªð£¼O™
õ¼‹.
a. Where does he live? - Üõ˜ âƒ«è õC‚Aø£˜?
cƒèœ âƒ«è ªê™Al˜èœ Ü™ô¶
b. Where are you going? -
ªê¡Áªè£‡®¼‚Al˜èœ?
c. Please tell me where to go - âƒ«è ªê™õ¶ â¡Á îò¾ªêŒ¶
âù‚° ªê£™½ƒèœ.
d. Where are you from? - cƒèœ âƒA¼‰¶ õ¼Al˜èœ?
Meaning 2: Þ¶ õ£‚AòƒèO™ õ¼‹«ð£¶ “âƒ«è ... Üƒ«è” âù
ªð£¼œð´‹.
e. Stay where you are - âƒ«è cƒèœ Þ¼‚Al˜è«÷£ Üƒ«è
Þ¼ƒèœ.
f. Eat where you like - âƒ«è cƒèœ M¼‹¹Al˜è«÷£ Üƒ«è

ê£ŠH´ƒèœ.
Meaning 3: where-Ýù¶ relative pronoun Ýè õ¼‹«ð£¶ “Üƒ«è”
âù ªð£¼œðÁø¶.
Þ‰î ÞìˆF™î£¡ ï£¡

g. This is the place where I studied -
ð®ˆ«î¡ Ü™ô¶ Þ‰î Þì‹ Üƒ«è ï£¡ ð®ˆ«î¡.
h. I went to Chennai where meeting was conducted - ï£¡ ªê¡¬ù
ªê¡«ø¡ Üƒ«è Ã†ì‹ ïìˆîŠð†ì¶.
157. Wherever
Meaning 1: âƒè™ô£‹
cƒèœ âƒè™ô£‹
a. You sit whereever you like -
M¼‹¹Al˜è«÷£ Üƒ«è Ü™ô¶ Üƒ° à†è£¼ƒèœ.
158. Whether
Meaning 1: å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêòLù£™ Ý†ð†®¼‚Aø£ó£ Þ™¬ôò£
Ü™ô¶ å¼õ˜ å¼ ªêò¬ô ªêŒî£ó£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á Ãø whether
ðò¡ðÁø¶. ( syn: if )
a. I don’t know whether he is a thief / I don’t know whether he is a
thief or not - Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ìù£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á âù‚°
ªîKòM™¬ô.
b. Tell me whether you are tired / Tell me whether you are tired or
not - cƒèœ è¬÷Šð£è Þ¼‚Al˜è÷£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á
â¡Qì‹ ªê£™½ƒèœ.
c. I don’t know whether to stay or leave ( pat: whether to do or do ) -
âù‚° îƒ°õî£ Ü™ô¶ ¹øŠð´õî£ â¡Á ªîKòM™¬ô
Ü™ô¶ îƒ°õî£ Ü™ô¶ ¹øŠð´õî£ â¡Á âù‚°
ªîKòM™¬ô.
159. Which
Meaning 1: â¶? Ü™ô¶ â‰î ªð£¼œ?

a. Which is your birth place? - àƒèÀ¬ìò Hø‰î á˜ â¶?
b. Which book you read daily? - cƒèœ â‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î Fùº‹

ð®Šd˜èœ?
Meaning 2: Þ¶ relative pronoun Ýè õ¼‹«ð£¶ that¡ relative
pronoun ªð£¼œè¬÷ ð£˜‚è¾‹.
160. Whichever
Meaning 1: â‰î... Ü™ô¶ â‰î ñ£FK...
â‰î ñ£FK ¹ˆîè‹
a. You take whichever book you like -
àƒèÀ‚° H®‚Aø«î£ Ü¬î â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ.
â‰î ðv ºîL™
b. Whichever bus comes first, you go in that -
õ¼Aø«î£ ÜF™ cƒèœ «ð£ƒèœ Ü™ô¶ «ð£è¾‹.
161. While
Meaning 1: Ü«î êñòˆF™, Üî£õ¶ Þ¼ ªêò™èœ å«ó êñòˆF™
ïì‚Aø¶ â¡ð¬î Þ¶ °P‚Aø¶.
ï£¡ è£¬ô àí¾
a. I eat breakfast. While, I watch TV -
ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡. Ü«î êñòˆF™, ï£¡ ®M ð£˜‚A«ø¡.
162. Who
Meaning 1: ò£˜? ò£¬ó? ò£¼‚°? ò£Kì‹? ( °PŠ¹: with whom? -
ò£¼ì¡? by whom?-ò£ó£™? to whom? - ò£¼‚°? )
a. Who is the boy? - ò£˜ ¬ðò¡?
b. Who / Whom do you give the book? - ò£¼‚° Ü™ô¶ ò£Kì‹
¹ˆîè‹ ªè£´ˆb˜èœ?
c. Who / Whom to ask about this matter - Þ‰î Mêòˆ¬îŠ ðŸP
ò£Kì‹ Ü™ô¶ ò£¬ó «è†ð¶?
d. I know who / whom to vote - ò£¼‚° æ†´ «ð£ì «õ‡´‹
â¡Á âù‚° ªîK»‹.
e. Who give the money? - ðí‹ ªè£´‚Aø¶ ò£˜?
Meaning 2: who-Ýù¶ relative pronoun Ýè ðò¡ðÁø¶. Þî¡
ªð£¼œèÀ‚° W›è‡ì â´ˆ¶‚è£†´è¬÷ ð£˜‚è¾‹.
f. CPòî£è Þ¼‚°‹
The boy who is small is doing the work -
¬ðò¡ «õ¬ô¬ò ªêŒ¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£¡.
g. I met the girl who is 10 years old - ï£¡ ªð‡¬í ê‰Fˆ«î¡
ÜõÀ‚° 10 õò¶ Ý°‹.
Phrase Meaning 1: who knows? - å¼ Mêò‹ à‡¬ñò£
Þ™¬ôò£ Ü™ô¶ å¼ ªêò™ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á
ò£¼‚° ªîK»‹?
h. A: Does he get job? B: who knows? - ÜõÂ‚° «õ¬ô
A¬ì‚Aøî£? ò£¼‚° ªîK»‹?
163. Whoever
Meaning 1: ò£˜ ò£ªó™ô£‹, ò£˜ ò£¼‚ªè™ô£‹

ò£˜ ò£¼‚ªè™ô£‹ àí¾
a. I give food whoever wants -
«î¬õŠðÁø«î£ Üõ˜èÀ‚° ï£¡ àí¾ î¼A«ø¡.
ò£˜ ò£ªó™ô£‹ êˆî‹
b. Whoever makes noise is punished -
«ð£Áø£˜è«÷£ Üõ˜èœ î‡®‚èŠð´õ£˜èœ.
164. Whole
Meaning 1: º¿õ¶‹ ( syn: all )
a. I clean the house whole day ( syn: whole noun ) - ï£¡ ï£œ
º¿õ¶‹ i†¬ì ²ˆî‹ ªêŒA«ø¡.
165. Whose
Meaning 1: ò£¼¬ìò¶? ò£¼¬ìò ªð£¼œ?

a. Whose is this? - Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò¶?
b. Whose book is this? - Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹?
Meaning 2: whose- Ýù¶ relative pronoun Ýè õ¼‹«ð£¶
“Üõ¼¬ìò, ÜîÂ¬ìò” âù ªð£¼œðÁø¶.
c. ¬ðò¡, ÜõÂ¬ìò
The boy whose pen is red color is playing -
«ðù£ Gø‹ CèŠ¹, M¬÷ò£®‚ ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£¡.
d. The car whoes price is 2 lacs is small - è£˜, ÜîÂ¬ìò M¬ô

2 ô†ê‹, CPòî£è Þ¼‚Aø¶.
166. Why
Meaning 1: ã¡? âîŸ°?

a. Why do you leave today? - cƒèœ ã¡ Þ¡Á A÷‹¹Al˜èœ?
ï£¡ ã¡ «è£ðñ£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡
b. l don’t know why I am angry -
â¡Á âù‚° ªîKòM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: why don’t sb do sth? - cƒèœ
ñŸøõKì‹ å¼
ªêò¬ô ªêŒòô£‹ â¡Á «ò£ê¬ù ÃÁõ¶ Ý°‹.
c. Why don’t we go for the movie? - ï£‹ ðìˆFŸ° «ð£èô£«ñ
Ü™ô¶ ï£‹ ðìˆFŸ° «ð£èô£‹.
d. Why don’t you wait for some more time? - cƒèœ ªè£…ê‹
«ïó‹ ÜFèñ£è è£ˆF¼‚èô£«ñ.
167. Widely
Meaning 1: ðóõô£è, ªð¼‹ð£½‹

a. It is widely used method - Þ¶
ðóõô£è Ü™ô¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹
ðò¡ð´ˆî‚Ã®ò º¬ø Ý°‹.
b. The book is widely avaliable in the shop - ¹ˆîè‹ ªð¼‹ð£½‹
è¬ìèO™ A¬ì‚Aø¶.
Phrase Meaning 1: widely read - ÜFè ñ‚è÷£™ ð®ˆî
c. This is widely read book - Þ¶ ÜFè ñ‚è÷£™ Ü™ô¶ «ðó£™
ð®ˆî ¹ˆîè‹ Ý°‹.
168. With
Meaning 1: àì¡
a. I go to salem with him - ï£¡ ÜõÂì¡ «êô‹ ªê™A«ø¡.
b. Mix the sugar with water - c¼ì¡ ê˜‚è¬ó¬ò èô‚è¾‹.
c. The man with red shirt is my brother - CèŠ¹ ê†¬ì»ì¡

Þ¼‚°‹ ïð˜ â¡ î‹H Ýõ£˜.
Phrase Meaning 1: be with you / me - å¼õ˜ ãî£õ¶ ªê£™õ¶
àƒèÀ‚° ¹KAø¶ â¡ðî£°‹.
d. I am with you - âù‚° cƒèœ ªê£™õ¶ ¹KAø¶.
e. Are you with me? - àƒèÀ‚° ï£¡ ( me ) ªê£™õ¶ ¹KAøî£?
169. Within
Meaning 1: å¼ °PŠH†ì è£ôˆFŸ°œ, å¼ °PŠH†ì Ü÷MŸ°œ

( Éó‹, Üèô‹,... )
a. I reach the hill within 2 hours - ï£¡ Þó‡´ ñE «ïóˆFŸ°œ
ñ¬ô¬ò Ü¬ì‰«î¡.
b. There many shops within one kilometer - å¼ A«ô£e†ì¼‚°œ
G¬øò è¬ìèœ Þ¼‚Aø¶.
170. Without
Phrase Meaning 1: without sth - sth Þ™ô£ñ™ å¼ ªêò¬ô
ªêŒõ¶ Ý°‹
a. I go to salem without him- ï£¡ Üõ¡ Þ™ô£ñ™ «êô‹
«ð£A«ø¡.
b. I travel daily without the car - ï£¡ è£˜ Þ™ô£‹ Fùº‹ ðòí‹
ªêŒA«ø¡.
c. He went there without permission - Üõ¡ Üƒ«è ÜÂñF
Þ™ô£ñ™ ªê¡ø£¡.
171. Yes
Meaning 1: Ý‹ Ü™ô¶ êK, å¼ «èœM‚° ðF™ ªê£™ô Þ¶
ðò¡ðÁø¶.
cƒèœ ªð£ˆî£¬ù
a. Did you touch the button? yes -
ªî£†¯˜è÷£? Ý‹. Ü™ô¶ Ýñ£‹.
172. Yesterday
Meaning 1: «ïŸÁ
a. I come / came to Salem yesterday - ï£¡ «ïŸÁ «êô‹ õ‰«î¡.
173. Yet
Meaning 1: Þ¶ å¼ ªêò™ Þ¡Â‹ ïì‰îî£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á Ãø

ðò¡ðÁø¶. Þ¶ ªð¼‹ð£½‹ «èœM ñŸÁ‹ âF˜ñ¬ø
õ£‚AòƒèO™ ðò¡ð´ˆîŠðÁø¶.
Üõ˜ õ‰¶ M†ì£ó£? Ü™ô¶ Üõ˜
a. Has he come yet? -
Þ¡Â‹ õóM™¬ôò£?
b. Has the bus left (to) the Salem? not yet - ðv «êôˆFŸ° A÷‹H
M†ìî£? Þ¡Â‹ Þ™¬ô.
c. I haven’t told the news yet / I still haven’t told the news - ï£¡
Þ¡Â‹ ªêŒF¬ò ªê£™ôM™¬ô.
Phrase Meaning 1: yet to do sth - do â¡ø ªêò¬ô ÞQ«ñ™î£¡
ªêŒò «õ‡´‹. Üîõ£¶ do â¡ø ªêò¬ô Þ¡Â‹
ªêŒòM™¬ô.
d. I am yet to write the letter - ï£¡ ÞQ«ñ™î£¡ è®î‹ â¿î
«õ‡´‹.
Üõ¡ «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹
e. He has yet to receive the offer letter -
è®îˆ¬î ÞQ«ñ™î£¡ ªðø «õ‡´‹. Üî£õ¶ Üõ¡
Þ¡Â‹ «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ è®îˆ¬î ªðøM™¬ô.a.
******
ð£ì‹ - 6
500
îI› õ£‚AòƒèO¡
ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹èœ
Chapter - 6
500
Tamil Situations
into
English Sentence Patterns
172 Chapter 6: 500 Tamil Situations into English Patterns
1. õ£ƒè õ£ƒè / i†®Ÿ° õ£¼ƒèœ - Welcome home

2. «êôˆFŸ° àƒè¬÷ õó«õŸA«ø¡ Ü™ô¶ õó«õŸA«ø£‹ - Welcome
to Salem (Pat: welcome to Place Name)
3. â¡ù ê£ŠH®Pƒè - What would you like to eat? (Pat: what would
you like to do sth)
4. cƒèœ ðö‹ ê£ŠHì M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?- Would you like to eat fruit?
(Pat: would you like to do sth)
5. cƒèœ ãî£õ¶ ê£ŠHì M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£?- Would you like to eat
anything? (Pat: would you like to do anything)
6. ï£¡ pv °®‚è M¼‹¹A«ø¡ - I would like to drink juice (Pat: I
would like to do sth)
7. âŠð® Þƒè õ‰Fƒè - How did you come here / How you came
here
8. ï£¡ è£˜ô õ‰«î¡ - I came by car
9. Üõ¡ è£˜ô õó£¡ Ü™ô¶ õ¼Aø£¡ - He comes by car
10. ã¡ Þƒè õ‰Fƒè - Why did you come here / Why you came here
11. cƒè ÞŠð â¡ù ð‡Pƒè - What do you do now / what you do now
12. cƒè âˆî¬ùò£õ¶ õ°Š¹ ð®‚APƒè - How many-ith class do you
study? [NLRC Method] / What class are you in? [For Schools] /
What year are you (in)? [For Colleges]
13. cƒè â‰î õ°Š¹ ð®‚APƒè - Which / What class do you study? /
Which / What class you study?
14. â‰î è¬ìòô ¶E â´ˆFƒè - Which shop did you buy the cloth ?
/ Which shop you bought the cloth?
15. àƒè ªð£‡μ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝJ´„ê£ - Is your daughter married?
/ Does your daughter get married? / have your daughter got
married?
16. àƒè ªð£‡μ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝA âšõ÷¾ ï£÷£„²? - How long has
your daughter been married? (Pat: How long has sb been married)
17. âšõ÷¾ ï£÷£ Þƒè «õ¬ô ªêŒPƒè? - How long do you work
here?
18. âƒè ªð£‡μ‚° è™ò£í‹ ÝA ä‰¶ õ¼ìƒèœ ÝAM†ì¶ - Our

daughter has been married for 5 years / It is 5 years since our
daughter got married.
19. Üõ¡ ñô¬ó è™ò£í‹ ªêŒ¶‚A†ì£¡ - He married (to) Malar / He
is married (to) Malar / He got married (to) Malar
20. ÜõÂ‚° C¡ù õòC«ô è™ò£í‹ ÝJ´„² - He married young /
He got married young
21. ï£¡ è™ò£í‹ ªêŒ¶‚èμ‹ - I have to marry / I have to get married
22. Þ‰î «ðù£¬õ âšõ÷¾‚° õ£ƒAQƒè - How much is this pen?/
How much you pay for the pen?
23. àƒèA†ì âˆî¬ù «ðù£ Þ¼‚°¶ - How many pens (do) you
have?
24. âˆî¬ù º¬ø Ü™ô¶ îì¬õ á†® «ð£J¼‚APƒè - How many
times did you go to Ooty? / How many times have you been Ooty?
25. ï£¡ «è£J½‚° «ð£øŠð™ô£‹ ï£¡ Ü‰î ñóˆ¶‚° î‡a˜ áŸÁ«õ¡
- 1) Everytime / Whenever I go to temple, I pour water to that tree:
2) I go to temple. At that time, I pour water to that tree.
26. ï£¡ «ïˆ¶î£¡ CƒèŠÌKL¼‰¶ õ‰«î¡ - I came from Singapore
yesterday only.
27. ï£¡ ÞóJ™«õ v«ìêÂ‚° «ð£Œ «ê˜‰«î¡ - I reached the railway
station.
28. ÞóJ™ v«ìêÂ‚° Þó¾ 10 ñE‚° õ‰¶ «ê˜‰î¶ - The train arrived
at the station at 10 PM.
29. ÞóJ™ v«ìêÂ‚° Þó¾ 10 ñE‚° õ‰î¶ - The train came to the
station at 10 PM.
30. ï£¡ ï™ô «ê£Á ê£ŠH†´ 10 ï£œèœ ÝAø¶ - It is ten days since I
eat good food (Pat: It is Time since Sent1) / It is ten days since I
have eaten my fill.
31. àƒèÀ‚° ãî£õ¶ àîM «õ‡´ñ£? - Can I help you? / What can
I do for you?
32. Þ‰î Í†¬ì¬ò É‚A†´ «ð£ - You carry the luggage.

33. Í†¬ì¬ò «ñ«ô É‚° - Lift the luggage up / above.
34. «ñ«ô «ð£ - Go above / up
35. ü¡ùL¡ ð‚èˆF™ Ü™ô¶ ð‚èõ£†®™ G™ - Stand by the window
36. ü¡ùL™ ê£Œ‰¶ G™ - Stand against the window
37. «ð¡ «ñ¬ü‚° «ñ«ô Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The fan is above the table ( Pat:
sth1 is above sth2; st1= àòóˆF™ Þ¼‚°‹ ªð£¼œ)
38. Üõ¬ù Þƒè Þ¿ˆ¶‚A†´ õ£ - You bring / pull him here
39. âšõ÷¾ ï£À‚° º¡ù£® cƒè «êô‹ «ð£mƒè - How long ago did
you go to salem?
40. Üõƒè å¼ˆî¼‚° å¼ˆî˜ ªõ†®A†ì£ƒè - They hit / kill each other
/ They hit / kill among themselves
41. ï£«ù Üšõ÷¾ Éó‹ ïì‰«î¡ Ü™ô¶ ï£«ù îQò£ Üšõ÷¾ Éó‹
ïì‰«î¡ - I myself walk that much distance.
42. Þ¬î â¡A†ì ªê£™ô£«î - Don’t tell this
43. â¶‚è£è c Üõ¬ù Ü®„ê - Why (What for) did you hit him?
44. c â¡¬ù Ü®‚è àù‚° âšõ÷¾ ¬îKò‹ - How dare you (to) hit
me?
45. Í†¬ìJ™ è†®J¼‚Aø èJˆ¬î Ü¾ˆ¶M´ - You untie the robe
that ties in the luggage / You untie the tying robe in the luggage.
46. ñ£†¬ì H®„C è‹HJô è†´ - Tie the cow in the bar
47. ñóˆF™ è†®J¼‚Aø Ý†¬ì H®„C†´ õ£ - You bring the goat that
ties in the tree / You bring the tying goat in the tree.
48. Üõ¬ù ÝvðˆFK‚° Ã†®A†´ «ð£ƒè - You take him to hospital.
49. ÜõÂ‚° ªó£‹ð Ü®ð†®¼‚° - He got injured (hurt) seriously / He
was seriously injured (hurt)
50. Y‚Aó‹ ð´‚¬èJL¼‰¶ â¿ - Get up quickly from the bed.
51. è¬ì‚° «ð£øŠð Üõ¬ù ð£˜ˆ¶†´ «ð£ - You go to shop. At that
time, you see him / When you go to shop, you see him
52. è¬ì‚° «ð£J†´ õøŠð Üõ¬ù ð£˜ˆ¶†´ õ£ - First, You go to

shop. After that, you see him / When you come back from the
shop, you see him.
53. ÞQ«ñ™ ÜõÂ‚° «ð£¡ ªêŒò£«î - Don’t phone (call) him hereafter.
54. ê£Šð£†¬ì I„ê‹ ¬õ‚è£ñ™ ê£ŠH´ - You eat the food without
being left over ( Pat: be left over )
55. eîI¼‚Aø «è‚¬è ê£ŠH´ - Eat the remaining cake / Eat the left
over cake.
56. è£v b¼‹ G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The gas is low / The gas is running
out / The gas runs low
57. è£v b˜‰¶M†ì¶ - The gas is over / The gas run out
58. â¶¾‹ eî‹ Þ™¬ô - Nothing is left
59. ªð†®¬ò î¬ôWö£è ¬õ - Keep the box upside down
60. Üõ¬ù ê£ŠHì ¬õ - Make him eat (Pat: make sb do sth)
61. ªè£…ê‹ ¶E¬ò àò˜ˆ¶ - Lift (raise) the cloth little bit
62. àƒèÀ¬ìò ¬è¬ò «ñ«ô É‚°ƒèœ - Raise your hand
63. Í†¬ì¬ò («ñ«ô) É‚°ƒèœ - Lift the luggage
64. Üõ¡ î¬ô¬ò Ý†®‚A†´ «ð£ø£¡ - He goes by shaking his
head / He goes, at the same time, he shakes his head.
65. Üõ¡ ªî£™¬ô¬ò î£ƒè º®ò¬ô - He gives more trouble / I am
unable to stand / bear his trouble / I can’t bear /stand his trouble.
66. ñô¼‚° ¬ðò¡ Hø‰F¼‚Aø£¡ - Malar has given birth to baby boy
(Pat: sb give birth to sb)
67. ÜõÀ‚° Üõù£™ Í¡Á °ö‰¬îèœ Hø‰î¶ - She bore him three
children (Pat: bear sb a child/son..)
68. ï£¡ «êôˆF™ Hø‰«î¡ - I was born in salem (Pat: sb was born in
place / year)
69. Þ¬î ñùF™ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ - Keep this in mind ( Pat: keep
sth in mind )
70. ê£Šð£†´ ªêô¬õ ï£¡ ð£ˆ¶‚A«ø¡ - I bear the food cost or expense
/ I pay (for) the food expense.
71. ê˜‚è¬ó ãî£õ¶ Þ¼‚Aøî£? - Is there any sugar? (pat: Is there any
sth?)
72. ê˜‚è¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£? - Is there any sugar left? (pat: Is
there any sth left?)
73. Üõ˜ Þø‰¶M†ì£˜ - He died / He expired / He passed away
74. Üõ˜ MðˆF™ Þø‰¶M†ì£˜ - He died in an accident.
75. Üõ˜ è£Œ„êLù£™ Þø‰¶M†ì£˜ - He died of fever ( pat: die of
disease )
76. Þ¶ ï£¡î£¡ - It is me.
77. ï£Â‹ ÜõÂ‹ Þ¬î ªêŒ«î£‹ - He and I did this (pat: he and I)
78. ÝvðˆFK‚° «ð£Œ ªó£‹ð ï£†è÷£J´„C - It is a long time since I
went to hospital.
79. è¬ì‚° «ð£Œ ê£‚èô† õ£ƒA†´ õ£ - Go to the shop and buy the
chocolate.
80. ð£™è£ó˜ õ‰F†ì£ó£? - Has the milk-man come? / Did the milk-
man come?
81. «êô‹ ðv «ð£J´„ê£? - Has salem bus gone? / Did salem bus go?
82. èó‡† õ‰F¼„ê£? - Has the current come? / the current or power
has come?
83. Üõ¬ù ï‹H â‰î H«ó£òüùº‹ Þ™¬ô - There is no use of believing
him.
84. Þ¬î ðŸP (Þ¬î «ð£Œ) ì£‚ìKì‹ Mê£K„C†´ õ£ - You inquire or
ask the doctor about this.
85. ÞŠð ñE 6 - It is 6 o’clock now.
86. ÞƒA¼‰¶ «êôˆ¶‚° 30 A«ô£ e†ì˜ - It is 30 KM to salem from
here.
87. Üõ¬ù «ð£Œ Ã†®‚A†´ õ£ - You go and bring him
88. Üõ¬ù Þƒ° õó ªê£™ - You ask him to come here (pat: ask sb to
do sth)
89. ÜõKì‹ «ðù£ «èœ - You ask him for a pen (pat: You ask sb for
sth) / Would you ask him for a pen?
90. ¬ê‚A¬÷ îœO‚A†´ «ð£ - Walk the bicycle.
91. °ö‰¬î¬ò ¬èH®„C Ã†®‚A†´ «ð£ - Walk the child.
92. °ö‰¬î ïì‚Aø¶ - The child walks.
93. Üõ¡ è£¼‚° ÜFè ðí‹ «è†Aø£¡ - He asks more money for
the car
94. Åì£ è£H ªè£‡´ õ£ - Bring the hot coffee / Bring the coffee with hot
95. «õèñ£è «ð² - Speak fast
96. Y‚Aóñ£ «ð² - Speak quickly
97. àì«ù «ð² - Speak immediately
98. ñ¬ö õó ñ£FK Þ¼‚°¶ - It is about to rain (pat: S + be + about to
do sth )
99. ñ£´ «ñŒõîŸ° îò£ó£è Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The cow is about to graze / The
cow is ready to graze
100. ñ£´ Üõ¬ù Þ¿ˆ¶ W«ö îœOM†ì¶ - The cow pulled him down
/ the cow pulled him and made him fall.
101. Üõ¬ó °ö‰¬î¬ò É‚è ªê£™½ƒè - Ask him to lift /carry the child
102. cƒè è‡í£® «ð£†´‚A†´¼‚Al˜è÷£? - Do you wear the glass /
spectacles?
103. Þšõ÷¾ «ïó‹ â¡ù ªê…C‚A†´¼‰b˜èœ - What did you do this
much time?
104. Üšõ÷¾ «ïó‹ â¡ù ªê…C‚A†´¼‰b˜èœ - What did you do that
much time?
105. Þ¶õ¬ó‚°‹ â¡ù ªê…C‚A†´¼‰b˜èœ - What did you do so far /
till now?
106. Üˆî¬ù «ð¼‹ Üƒ«è «ð£J†ì£ƒè - That many people went there
/ All people went there.
107. Þˆî¬ù «ð¼‹ Þƒè õ‰F†ì£ƒè - This many people came here.
108. âˆî¬ù «ð˜ Üƒ«è «ð£ù£ƒè? - How many people went there?
109. ï£‹ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ «ð£èÂ‹ - How long we have to go?
110. ï£‹ Þ¡Â‹ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ «ð£èÂ‹ - How much longer we have to
go? (pat: how much longer, further...)
111. Þ¶ ã¡ / â¡ù Þšõ÷¾ ªðKê£ Þ¼‚°¶ - Why It is this much
size?
112. ê£‹ð£˜ô àŠ¹ Þ¼‚°î£? - Is there salt in the sambar?
113. «ñ«ô Mñ£ù‹ ðø‚°¶ - The plane flies above
114. ¬ê‚Aô è‹H ñ£†®‚A†´ Þ¼‚°¶ - The string sticks in the cycle.
115. vì£‹¬ð «ðŠðK™ å†´ - Stick the stamp in the paper
116. °‡ÇC¬ò «ðŠð˜ô °ˆ¶ Ü™ô¶ °ˆF¬õ - Stick the pin in the
paper
117. è‡í£®ô ð¬ê å†®‚A†´ Þ¼‚° - The gum is in the glass / the
gum get stuck / is stuck in the glass.
118. è¬ìJ™ «ðŠð¬ó ñ£ˆF‚A†´ õ£ - Change the paper in the shop.
119. º® ªõ†´ - Cut the hair
120. º®¬ò ªõ†®‚A†´ õ£ - get / have your hair cut.
121. Üõ¡ õ‰îŠð ï£¡ ê£ŠH†´‚A†´ Þ¼‰«î¡ - He came, at that
time, I was eating.
122. Ü‰î G¡Â‚A†´ Þ¼‚Aø ¬ðò¡î£¡ Üõ¬÷ Ü®„ê£¡ - That
standing boy hit her
123. «õ¬ô¬ò å¿ƒè£ ªêŒ - Do the work properly
124. Þ¬î ªêŒò ÜõÂ‚° ªó£‹ð ¬îKò‹ - He has more courage to do
that
125. àù‚° â¡ù ¬îKò‹ Þ¼‰î£ â¡¬ù Ü®Šð - How dare you hit
me
126. Üõ¬ù Ü®‚è âù‚° ¬îKò‹ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - I dare to hit him / I have
a dare or courage to hit him.
127. «î¬õJ™ô£ñ â¬î»‹ «ðê£«î - Don’t speak anything unnecessarily.
128. âƒè «ð£ù£½‹ Üõ¡ ªî£™¬ô î£ƒè º®ò¬ô - I can’t bear /stand
his trouble wherever I go.
129. â¶‚ªè´ˆî£½‹ Üõ¡ â¡¬ù«ò F†Áø£¡ - He scolds me
whatever happens / He scolds me for anything / He scolds me
always.
130. â™ô£¼‚°‹ Cóñ‹î£¡ - It is trouble or problem for all.
131. Þ¡Â‹ ªè£…ê‹ «ïó‹ èN„² «ð£ƒè - Go after some time.
132. èJÁ ªî£ƒAA†´ Þ¼‚Aø¶ Ü™ô¶ èJÁ ªî£ƒ°Aø¶ - The rope
hangs
133. èJˆ¬î ªî£ƒè M´ - Hang the robe
134. â¡ «ñ™ ê£ò£«î - Don’t lean on me.
135. ñ‡¬í ªõ†´ - Dig the soil.
136. °„C¬ò ªõ†´ - Cut the stick
137. ªó£†®¬ò ªõ†´ - Cut the bread.
138. ðvô ãÁ - Get into the bus
139. ðvô Þ¼‰¶ Þøƒ° - Get off (from) the bus.
140. °ö‰¬î‚° ð£Ö†´ - Feed the child / Give the milk to the child
141. «è£N î£Qòƒè¬÷ ªè£ˆF à‡Aø¶ - Hen pecks the grains
142. Üõ¡ «ê˜ô à†è£˜‰F¼‚°‹ «ð£¶ W«ö M¿Aø ñ£FK Ü™ô¶ Ü÷¾‚°
«ð£J†ì£¡ - He sits in the chair. At the same time, he almost fell
from the chair ( or he was about to fall from the chair).
143. ¬ðŠô î‡a˜ å¿°Aø¶ - The water leaks in the pipe.
144. ð‚ªè†®™ î‡a˜ Gó‹H õNAø¶ - The water overflows in the
bucket
145. Ü´Š¹ âKAø¶ - The stove burns
146. ðö‹ ð¿ˆF¼„ê£? - Did fruit ripe?
147. è£Œ ðP„ê£„ê£? - Did you pick the vegetable?
148. ÜKC¬ò ²ˆî‹ ªêŒ - Clean the rice
149. ï™ô ðö‚èˆ¬î èŸÁ‚ªè£œ - Learn good habit
150. õ£ªù£L «è†®ò£? - Did you hear radio?

151. ªêŒFè¬÷ ð® - Read the news
152. Þ¬î âŠð® ÜM›Šð¶ â¡Á ÜõKì‹ «èœ - You ask him how to
untie this
153. c Üõ¡A†ì â¡ù ªê£¡ù - What did you tell to him? / What you
told to him?
154. ï£ñ Þó‡´ «ð¼‹ á¼‚° «ð£èô£ñ£? - Can we both go to native
place?
155. Ü‰î CQñ£¬õ ðŸP â¡ù ªê£™ø£¡ - What he tell about the
movie?
156. õ‡®¬ò â´ˆ¶ ð‚èˆF™ GÁˆ¶ - Park the vehicle nearby
157. «è£N¬ò ÜÁ - Cut the chicken / Kill the chicken
158. ñ£†´‚° bQ «ð£´ - Put the graze to the cow / feed the graze to
the cow
159. ²ŸÁô£ «ð£èô£ñ£? - Shall /Can we go for picnic or tour?
160. Yî£¬õ ð£˜ˆ¶ «ðCQò£? - Did you talk to Sita?
161. ªê¡¬ù‚° â‰î â‰î ðvô£‹ «ð£°‹ - Which bus goes to Chennai?
162. ¯ °®„C†´ õóô£ñ£? - Can we drink tea?
163. Ü‰î è¬ìJô ¹«ó£†ì£ ï™ô£J¼‚°‹ - The parata will be good in
that shop
164. W¬ó ê£ŠH†ì£ àì‹¹‚° ï™ô¶ - It is good for health if you eat
spinach.
165. â‰î ì£‚ì˜ ï™ô ì£‚ì˜ - Which doctor is the good doctor?
166. ò£˜ò£˜Ãì â™ô£‹ «ðC‚A†´ õ‰î£Œ - Who / Whom did you talk to
/ with?
167. Þõ¡ M÷‹ðóˆFŸè£è Ü¬ôJø£¡ - He looks / wander for publicity
168. ñ„C à¡ù ð£˜ˆ¶ ªó£‹ð ï£÷£°¶ - Machi, long time no see /
Machi, It is long time since I saw you.
169. ®M¬ò ð£˜ˆ¶ ªè†´«ð£è£«î - Don’t get / be spoiled by (watching)
TV
170. â¡ªùò¡ù ï™ô Mêòƒèœ àù‚° ªîK»‹ - Whatever / what

good things you know?
171. d«ó£Mô ¶Eªò™ô£‹ Ü´‚A ¬õ - Pack or tidy up the clothes in
the bureau
172. ¼Cò£ ê¬ñ - Cook tasteful / Cook tasty food.
173. Þ‰î õ¬÷ò™ ï™ô£J¼‚° - This bangle is nice.
174. ¬èJ™ ñ¼î£Q ¬õ - Put the henna in the hand
175. ¶E¬ò è£ò «ð£´ - Put the cloth for drying / Dry the cloth
176. °®‚Aø¶‚° ²´ î‡E ªè£‡´‚A†´ õ£ - Bring the warm water
for drinking
177. ê£Šð£†¬ì î†´ô «ð£´ - Put the food in the plate
178. ñ‡®«ð£´ Ü™ô¶ º†®«ð£´ - Kneel down
179. ï£Œ è†®L™ ð´ˆF¼‚Aø¶ - The dog lays on the bed
180. ï£¬÷‚° â¡ù ªêòô£‹? - What to do tomorrow?
181. ìò¬ó èö†® ñ£†´ - Take out the tyre and put (attach) it back
182. ê£M¬ò ÝEJ™ ñ£†´ - Hang the key in the nail
183. ªõJ™ è£Œ„²¶ - Sun burns
184. Ü´Š¹ ²†´¼„² - The stove burnt / burned me
185. «î£¬ê¬ò b„Cì£«î - Don’t burn the dosai
186. «è£N¬ò ªð£²‚° - Remove the feather
187. «è£N¬ò ªï¼Š¹ô õ£†´ - Singe the chicken
188. ðöˆ¬î àK - Peel the fruit
189. ðöˆ¬î ðP„C‚A†´ õ£ - Pick the fruit
190. «îƒè£¬ò ¶¼¾ - Rasp or grate the coconut.
191. «îƒè£¬ò i†®™ è†´ - Tie / hang the cocount in the house
192. ñ£¾ Ý†´ƒè - Grind the rice
193. ¶E¬ò êô¬õ ªêŒ - Iron the cloth / dress
194. Üõ¡ î¬ôWö£è ñóˆF™ ªî£ƒ°Aø£¡ - He hangs upside down in
the tree
195. è£¼ô èJˆ¬î è†® Þ¿ - Pull the car by tying the robe in it / Tie
the robe in the car and pull the robe.
196. ºøˆF™ ¹¬ì‚è¾‹ - Winnow /Whittle in the Muram
197. ð£ˆFóˆ¬î ï™ô£ ²ó‡® è¿¾ - Scrub and clean the utensil well
198. ð£ˆFóˆ¬î «îŒ„² è¿¾ - Rub and clean the utensil
199. ð£¬ùJô æ†¬ì Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is hole in the pot / The hole is
in the pot
200. ð‚èˆF™ âƒèò£õ¶ õƒA Þ¼‚Aøî£? - Is there any bank nearby (/
somewhere near)?
201. ªê¼Š¬ð ªî£†´‚ªè£œ - Wear the chappal
202. Üõ¬ù ÜCƒèŠð´ˆî£«î - Don’t make him nasty / shameful
203. è¬ì‚° «ð£Œ ÜKC õ£ƒA†´ õ£ - Go to shop and buy the rice
204. ï£¡ ïì‚A«ø¡ - I walk
205. âù‚° ðí‹ «î¬õŠðÁø¶ - I need money
206. â¡Qì‹ è£˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - I have car
207. ð£¬ùJ™ «ê£Á Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The rice is in the pot
208. Y‚Aó‹ ê£ŠHì õ£ƒè - come fast / soon to eat
209. â¡ Ãì Ü™ô¶ â¡Âì¡ «êô‹ õ£ƒè - Come to Salem with me
210. i†ô ò£¼? - Who is in the home?
211. cƒè ò£¼ì¡ «ðCA†®¼‚APƒè - Who to talk to? / who do you talk to?
212. ÜFè‹ «ðê£«î - Don’t speak too much / Don’t speak more
213. ï£¡ î£¡ Üõ¬ù Ü®„«ê¡ - I myself hit him
214. àóL™ â¡ù Ý†Áø£Œ? - What you grind in the Ural? / What do
you do in the Ural?
215. Ü‹IJ™ â¡ù Ü¬ó‚Aø£Œ? - What you grind in the Ammy? /
What do you do in the Ammy?
216. ÞQò£, ñ‡E™ M¬÷ò£ì£«î - Eniya, don’t play in the soil
217. Hó¹, ñ…²¬õ Ü®‚è£«î - Prabu, don’t beat Manju
218. Þ¶ Üõ¡î£¡ - It is him
219. îIö˜è÷£Aò ï£‹ ñ‚èÀ‚° àîM ªêŒò «õ‡´‹ - We Tamils

should help the people
220. ñ£íõ˜è÷£Aò cƒèœ ï¡ø£è ð®‚è «õ‡´‹ - You students should
study well
221. è‡í£® ÜõÂ¬ìò¶ - The glass is his
222. ÜõÂ¬ìò¶ CèŠ¹ ê†¬ì - His is red shirt
223. ï£ƒè«÷ i†¬ì è†®«ù£‹ - We build the house ourselves
224. ÜõƒèÀ‚°œ«÷«ò Ü®„C‚A†ì£ƒè - They hit themselves
225. âù‚° ðC‚Aø¶. àù‚°? - I am hungry. What about you?
226. ï£¡ è™ÖK «ð£Œ ªõ° ï£œèœ ÝAM†ì¶ - It is long time since I
went to the college
227. Üõ¡ ¶E…² â¬î»‹ ªêŒõ£¡ - He has courage to do anything
/ He do anything with courage
228. ï£¡ ªê£™ø¬î ñ†´‹ «èÀ - Listen to what I say / tell
229. ñ¬ö ªðŒî¶ - It rained
230. ñ¬ö ªð£NAø¶ - It rains
231. ñ¬ö õóñ£FK Þ¼‚Aø¶ - It is about to rain
232. âù‚° õ£‰F õóñ£FK Þ¼‚Aø¶ - I feel like vomiting / I almost take
vomit / I feel as if I have vomit
233. Üèô‹ Þ¼ð¶ e†ì˜ - The width is 20 meter / It is 20 meter width
234. Ü‰î «ðù£ ªðKò¶ - That pen is big
235. Ü‰î ñóƒèœ ï¡ø£è è£Œ‚Aø¶ - Those trees yield well
236. Þ‰î ñóƒèœ ï¡ø£è è£Œ‚Aø¶ - These trees yield well
237. ÜõÂ‚° áC «ð£´ƒèœ - Put injection to him
238. ÜõÂ‚° ñ¼‰¶ ªè£´ƒèœ - Give him medicine
239. âù‚° î¬ô ²ŸÁAø¶ - I feel giddy / giddiness.
240. âù‚è£è å¼ º¬ø Üƒ«è «ð£ - You go there one time for me
241. âù‚è£è Þ¡ªù£¼ º¬ø Üƒ«è «ð£ - You go there once more for
me
242. Þ‰î «ðù£ àù‚°î£¡ - This pen is for you

243. Üõ¡ Üõêóñ£è ªê™Aø£¡ - He goes in a hurry (pat: S + V + in a
hurry)
244. Üõ¡ ðv¬ú H®‚è Üõêóñ£è ªê™Aø£¡ - He is in a hurry to
catch the bus / He hurries to catch the bus
245. å¿ƒè£ ð® - Study well
246. å¼ ï£¬÷‚° âšõ÷¾ «ïó‹ Éƒ°i˜èœ? - How long you sleep in
a day?
247. Þ¶î£¡ ÜõÂ¬ìò î¬ôªò¿ˆ¶ - It is his fate or destiny
248. õ£Jô «ê£Á å†®‚A†´ Þ¼‚°¶ - The rice sticks in the mouth
249. â¶‚ªè´ˆî£½‹ ã¡ Üõ¬ù ÃŠHÁø£Œ? - Why you call him for
everything / anything
250. âƒè «ðù£¬õ åO„² ¬õˆF¼‚Aø£Œ? - Where you hide the pen?
251. âƒè «ðù£¬õ åO„² ¬õˆF¼‚Aø£Œ â¡Á ªê£™ - Tell me where
you hide the pen
252. Üõ¡ î¬ô¬ò ðv ü¡ùL™ ¬õˆF¼‚Aø£¡ - He put /stick his
head in the bus window
253. ÜõÂ‚° °Á‹¹ ÜFè‹ - He has more naughty / He is very naughty
254. è¬î Üšõ÷¾î£¡, º®‰¶ M†ì¶ - Story ends. That is it.
255. ã¡ Þ¡Â‹ Þƒ«è îQò£è Þ¼‚Aø£Œ? - Why you are still here
alone?
256. ÞŠð™ô£‹ è£˜ M¬ô 3 ô†êˆ¶‚°‹ ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶ - Nowadays,
the car price is above 3 lacs.
257. «ñ«ô ªê£¡ù Mô£êˆ¬î ë£ðè‹ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ - Remember
the above said address.
258. Üõ¬ù Ü®„ê¶ âù‚° ë£ðè‹ õ¼Aø¶ - I remember hiting him (
pat: remember (sb) doing sth )
259. Üõ¬ù Ü®‚è âù‚° ëð£èŠð´ˆ¶ - You remind me to hit him
260. â¡¬ù ªð£¼ˆîõ¬ó Üõ¡ å¼ F¼ì¡ - According to me, he is a
thief
261. â™«ô£¼‹ õK¬êò£è G™½ƒèœ - All stand in the queue / line

262. ï£¡ ®‚ªè† õ£ƒè õK¬êJ™ GŸA«ø¡ - I stand in the queue to buy
the ticket
263. Þ‰î ðöƒè¬÷ ¬êv õ£Kò£ HK»ƒèœ - You classify these fruits
according to size
264. ï£¡ «ó£†ô ïì‰¶«ð£°‹«ð£¶ Ì¬ù °Á‚«è «ð£ù¶ - I walked on
the road. At the same time, the cat went across (the road) / The
cat crossed (the road)
265. ï£¡ ÜõÂ‚° âFó£è «ðC«ù¡ - I spoke against him
266. ¬èò£ô£‹ âù‚° H„C‚°¶ - My hands itch / I have an itch in my
hands
267. ñ£íõ˜èœ «è£†®™ GŸAø£˜èœ - Students stand along(/ in) the line.
268. è£˜ Þ‰î «ó£´ õNò£è ªõ° Éó‹ ªê¡ø¶ - The car went very far
along this road.
269. ï£½ ñóˆ¶‚° Þ¬ìJ™ «ê˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The chair is among four
trees.
270. Þó‡´ ñóˆ¶‚° Þ¬ìJ™ «ê˜ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The chair is between
two trees.
271. ÜKC âšõ÷¾? - How much is the rice?
272. å¼ A«ô£ ÜKC âšõ÷¾? - How much is one kilo rice?
273. âˆî¬ù A«ô£ ÜKC à¡A†ì Þ¼‚°? - How many kilo rice you
have?
274. âˆî¬ù A«ô£ î‚è£O ðö‹ Þ¼‚°? - How many kilo tomomoto is
avaliable?
275. âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆ¶‚° º¡ù£® Þƒè õ‰Fƒè - How long ago you
came here?
276. âŠð®ò£õ¶ Ü¬î õ£ƒA†´ õ£ - You buy that anyhow
277. õK¬êJô âù‚° º¡ù£® 3 «ð˜ GŸAø£ƒè - Three people stands
ahead of me in the line
278. Üõ˜èO™ ï£Â‹ å¼õ¡ - I am one among them.
279. ð£F‚èŠð†ìõ˜èO™ ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹ Üìƒ°õ˜ - The students are

among the affected / The affected includes the students / The
students are included in the affected
280. å«ó «ïóˆFô â™«ô£¼‹ â¡¬ù ÃŠHìø£ƒè - All called me at the
same time
281. ï£¡ Þó‡´ ñE «ïóˆFŸ° º¡ð£è«õ Ü™ô¶ º¡ù£®«ò
A÷‹HM†«ì¡ - I left two hours ahead / ago.
282. Üõ˜èœ âù‚° ð‚èõ£†®™ GŸAø£˜èœ - They stand side by side
to me
283. ê£Šð†¬ì ò£¼‹ ªî£ì£Fƒè - Nobody touch the food
284. ÜõÂ‚° è£Œ„ê™ Þ¼‚°‹«ð£¶ Ãì Üõ¡ «î˜¾‚° ð®„ê£¡ -
Although he had the fever, he studied for the exam / He had the
fever. At that time, he studied for the exam.
285. âù‚° Þ¡ªù£¼ «î£¬ê ªè£‡´õ£ - Bring me one more (another)
dosai
286. âù‚° ñŸªø£¼ «î£¬ê ªè£‡´õ£ (°PŠ¹: ñŸªø£¼ â¡ø£™ «õÁ
õ¬èò£ù «î£¬ê Ý°‹, Þ¡ªù£¼ â¡ø£™ å«ó ñ£FK Þ¼‚°‹
ªð£¼œ) - Bring me another (/ other / different) dosai.
287. àƒèÀ‚° ãî£õ¶ «õ‡´ñ£? - Do you want anything?
288. Üõ¡ âŠð «õ‡´ñ£ù½‹ õ¼õ£¡ - He will come at any time.
289. c Þƒè Þ¼‚Aø â‰î «ðù£¬õ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ - He
take any pen( that is here)
290. Üõ˜ Þø‰¶M†ì£˜ - He died / He passed away
291. Üõ˜ ÞŠ«ð£¶ àJ¼ì¡ Þ™¬ô - He is no more
292. ò£ó£õ¶ Þƒ° õ£¼ƒèœ - Anybody / Somebody come here.
293. ò£ó£õ¶ Þƒ° õ‰î£˜è÷£? - Anybody came here?
294. «õÁ ò£¬óò£õ¶ ÃŠH´ƒèœ - Call anybody else / Call somebody
else.
295. àƒèÀ‚° H®ˆî¬î â¬î«õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ õ£ƒAªè£œÀƒèœ - You
buy whatever (/ anything) you like
296. Üõ¡ â‰î «õ¬ô¬ò ªè£´ˆî£½‹ ªêŒAø£¡ - He do any work (/

whatever work) we give / He do any work (/ whatever work) given.
297. Üõ¡ «ñô «è£ðŠðì£«î - Don’t angry with him
298. âù‚° â¡ù ªêòø¶Â å¡Á‹ ¹KòM™¬ô - I do not get / understand
what to do
299. c âŠð è™ÖK õ¼õ£Œ â¡Á âù‚° ªê£™ - You tell me when you
come to the college
300. ï£¡ °ö‰¬îò£è Þ¼‚°‹ «ð£¶ á†®‚° «ð£«ù¡ - As / When I
was child, I went to Ooty. / I was child. At that time, I went to Ooty.
301. âŠð™ô£‹ «êô‹ õKƒè«ô£ ÜŠð âƒè i†´‚° õ£ƒè - Whenever
you come to salem, you come to our home.
302. «õøâƒè Üõ¡ «ð£J¼Šð£¡? - Where else he will go?
303. Üõ¬ù «õøâƒèò£õ¶ Ã†®‚ªè£‡´ «ð£ƒèœ - You take him
somewhere else.
304. ¹ˆîèƒè¬÷ îQîQò£è ¬õ‚è¾‹ - You keep the books apart /
separate.
305. Ü‰î ¹ˆîèˆ¬î îMó â™ô£ˆ¬î»‹ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ - You take
all except that book.
306. ñóˆ¬î ²ŸP õ£ - come around the tree
307. Üõ¡ Þƒèî£¡ âƒè«ò£ Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - He is somewhere (around) here.
308. ÜõÂ‚°‹ âù‚°‹ å«ó Ü÷¾ àòó‹ - He is as tall as me / He is
the same height as me / He and I are the same height
309. Üõ¡ â¡Â¬ìò àòóˆ¬î Mì Þ¼ñìƒ° ÜFè‹ - He is twice as
tall as me.
310. Üõ¡ â¡Â¬ìò àòóˆ¬î Mì Í¡Á ªê.e ÜFè‹ - He is taller
than me by 3 cm / He is 3 cm taller than me
311. ï£¡ ê£ŠHìø Ü÷¾‚° ÜõÂ‹ ê£ŠHÁø£¡ - He eats as much as
I eat / He eats as much as I do
312. Üõ˜ ÝCKòó£ «õ¬ô ªêŒAø£˜ - He works as a teacher.
313. ï£¡ â¡ù ªê£™ø«ù£ Ü«î ñ£FK ªêŒ - Do what I say / Do as I say
314. ¹ˆîèˆ¬î âŠð® â´ˆî«ò£ ÜŠð®«ò ¬õ - Keep the book as it was

taken
315. ¹ˆîè‹ âŠð® Þ¼‰î«î£ ÜŠð®«ò ¬õ - Keep the book as it was
316. ï£¡ ªê£¡ù ñ£FK àù‚° ðí‹ ªè£´‚A«ø¡ - As I told, I give you
money.
317. å¼ ÝCKòó£, ï£¡ Þ¬îî£¡ ªêŒòº®»‹ - As a teacher, I can do
only this.
318. àƒè÷£™ âšõ÷¾ ê£ŠHì º®»«ñ£ Üšõ÷¾ ê£ŠH´ƒèœ - You eat
as much as you can (/ or possible).
319. ªè£…ê‹ îœO G™½ƒèœ - Stay away bit
320. F¼‹ð âŠªð£¿¶ õ¼Mƒè? - When do you come back?
321. F¼‹ð âŠªð£¿¶ «ð£Mƒè - When do you go back?
322. ê†¬ì¬ò F¼‹ð Üƒ«è«ò ñ£†´ - You hang the shirt back there
323. ÜŠð®«ò H¡ù£® F¼‹¹ƒè - Turn back
324. ï™ô£ ªê÷èKòñ£è à†è£¼ƒèœ - Please sit back
325. âŠðð£˜ˆî£½‹ Üõ¡ Þƒèî£¡ õó£¡ - He always comes only
here.
326. c ªðKò ÝÀù£ Ü¬î à¡«ù£ìˆî£¡ õ„²‚èÂ‹ - You should
keep yourself that you are a big man.
327. c ªðKò ÝÀƒèø¬î â¡A†ì è£‡H‚è£«î - You don’t show off to
me that you are a big man.
328. Üõ˜ âù‚° º¡ù£® GŸAø£˜ - He stands before me / He stands
ahead of me
329. Üõ¡ ð®ŠH™ Iè¾‹ H¡îƒA Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - He is behind very much
in the study.
330. ð‰¶ è†®½‚° Ü®J™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The ball is below the bed.
331. Üõ¡ ñ¬ô¬ò î£‡® ªê™Aø£¡ - He goes beyond the hill
332. M¬ô 6 Ïð£Œ - The price is Rs 6.
333. M¬ô 10 Ïð£ò£è àò˜‰î¶ - The price rose to Rs 10.
334. M¬ô 2 Ïð£Œ àò˜‰î¶ - The price rose by Rs 2.
335. àƒèÀ‚° ãî£õ¶ àîM «õ‡´ñ£? - Can I help you? / What can
I do for you?
336. ý«ô£, °ñ£˜ «ðê«ø¡, cƒè ò£¼ «ðêø¶ - Hello, (this is) kumar
speaking, May I know who is speaking?
337. Þ¶ °ñ£ó£? - Is this kumar?
338. ï£¡ °ñ£Ã†ì «ðêô£ñ£? - Can I speak / talk to kumar please?
339. Üõ˜èœ ñ¬ôJ¡ Ü®ð°FJ™ (Üî£õ¶ ñ¬ôJ¡ Ü®õ£óˆF™)
Þ¼‚Aø£˜èœ - They are down the hill
340. Üõ¡ è†®L¡ Ü®J™ Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - He is under / below the bed.
341. Üõ˜ åNè - Down with him
342. åšªõ£¼ˆFKìº‹ Þ¬î ðŸP «èÀƒèœ - You ask everyone about
this.
343. åšªõ£¼ «ðŠðó£ â¡A†ì â´ˆ¶‚ªè£´ - Give me each paper /
Give each paper to me.
344. Þ‰î ¹ˆîèƒèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ - You take any of
these books.
345. Þ‰î Þó‡´ ¹ˆîèƒèO™ ãî£õ¶ å¡¬ø â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œ - You take
either of these two books / You take any of these two books.
346. «õÁ ò£˜ Þƒ° õ¼õ£˜? - Who else will come here?
347. cƒèœ «õÁ ãî£õ¶ ê£ŠH´ƒè - You eat something else.
348. â¡A†ì «ð£¶ñ£ù ðí‹ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - I have enough money.
349. Þ¶ âù‚° «ð£¶‹ - This is enough for me.
350. ê£ŠH´õîŸ° óê‹ «ð£¶ñ£ù¶ - Rasam is enough to eat (pat: is
enough to do sth)
351. Þõù™ô£‹ Ãì ªðKò Ý÷£ ÝJ†ì£¡ - Even he becomes a big
man / rich man.
352. âŠðò£õ¶ Ü™ô¶ âŠªð£¿î£õ¶ cƒèœ èP ê£ŠH†´¼‚Al˜è÷£? -
Have you ever eaten mutton? (pat: have you ever done sth?
353. Ü‰î Þì‹ Iè ªî£¬ôM™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - That place is very far
354. ï£¡ Móî‹ Þ¼‚A«ø¡ - I am in the fast.
355. Cô «ðù£‚è¬÷ â¡Qì‹ ªè£´ - Give me few pens

356. ªè£…ê‹ ð£™ ªè£´ - Give some milk.
357. õ£ƒè, âŠð® Þ¼‚APƒè? - Welcome home, How are you?
358. ï£¡ ï™ô£ Þ¼‚«è¡. cƒè âŠð® Þ¼‚APƒè - I am fine. How about
you?
359. ê£Šð£´ ï™ô£ Þ¼‚° - The food is good / fine.
360. cƒè Þ¬î â´ˆ¶‚°ƒè. Þ¶ àƒèÀ‚°ˆî£¡ - You take this. This is
for you.
361. àƒè¬÷ ê‰FŠðîŸ° ï£¡ Iè¾‹ Ýõ½ì¡ Þ¼‚A«ø¡ - I look
forward to meeting you (pat: look forward to doing sth)
362. ï£¡ ªê¡¬ùJL¼‰¶ õ¼A«ø¡ - I come from Chennai.
363. Þ‰î «õ¬ô¬ò ÞŠªð£¿FL¼‰¶ ï£¡ ªêŒA«ø¡ - I do this work
from now on.
364. ðˆ¶ ï£À‚°œ ï£¡ Þ‰î «õ¬ô¬ò ªêŒò«õ‡´‹ - I should do the
work in / by / within 10 days.
365. ªð£¼œ CîP Aì‚Aø¶ - The things scatter around.
366. Üõ¡ âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø£¡? - How is he?
367. cƒèœ âŠð® ê£ŠHÁl˜èœ? - How do you eat?
368. âŠð® ê£ŠH´õ¶? - How to eat?
369. Þ¬î âŠð® Üõ¡A†ì ªê£™ø¶ - How to tell this to him?
370. Üõ¡A†ì â¡ù£¡Â ªê£™ø¶ - What to tell to him?
371. â š õ ÷ ¾ « õ è ñ £ è ª ê ™ A ø £ ¡ ? - How fast he goes?
(pat:how+adjective...)
372. ê£Šð£´ âŠð® Þ¼‰î¶? - How was the food?
373. cƒè âŠð® Þƒè? - How come you are here?
374. ï£Ÿè£L i†®¡ àœ«÷ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The chair is inside the home.
375. ï£¡ ê£Šð£†´‚° ðFô£è êŠð£ˆF ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡. - I eat sappati
instead of rice.
376. Üõ¡ AíŸÁ‚°œ °Fˆî£¡ - He jumped into the river.
377. ï™ô àí¬õ ê£ŠH†ì£™ Ý«ó£‚òñ£è Þ¼‚èô£‹ - If we eat good

food, we will be healthy.
378. Üõ¡ Þƒè õó£ù£ Þ™¬ôò£ â¡Á ªîKòM™¬ô - I don’t know if
/whether he comes here.
379. º®‰î£™ Þƒ«è õó¾‹ - If possible, come here.
380. «î¬õð†ì£™, â¡¬ù Ü¬ö‚è¾‹ - If necessary, call me.
381. ï£¡ àƒè G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‰F¼‰î£™ ï£¡ Üõ¬ù Ü®„C¼Š«ð¡ - If I
were you, I would have hit him.
382. «ð£ù õ£ó‹ ï£¡ Üõ¬ù ð£˜ˆ«î¡ - I saw him last week
383. ï£¡ è¬ìC õ£ó‹ Þƒ° õ¼A«ø¡ - I come here last week
384. ï£¡ è¬ìC GIìˆF™ ðv¬ú H®ˆ«î¡ - I caught the bus at the
last minute
385. Þ¡Q‚° ï£¡ «ô†ì£ õ‰«î¡ - Today I came late
386. °¬ø‰î¶ 10 Ïð£ò£õ¶ âù‚° ªè£´‚è«õ‡´‹ - Give me at least
Rs 10.
387. Ü®î®Jù£™ °¬ø‰îð†ê «êî«ñ à‡ì£ù¶ - There was least
damage due to fight.
388. Üõ¡ ð¡Q ñ£FK ê£ŠHÁø£¡ - He eats like a pig.
389. Üõœ â¡ îƒ¬è¬ò «ð£ô Þ¼‚Aø£œ - She is like my sister.
390. ï£¡ ð£†´ ð£ì M¼‹¹A«ø¡ - I like to sing a song.
391. Þ¶ c÷ñ£ù ð£ô‹ - It is long bridge
392. àƒè i´ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹? - How long is your home? / How far is
your home?
393. ÞŠð™ô£‹ ï£¡ èP ê£ŠH´õF™¬ô - I don’t eat the mutton nowadays
(/ now) / I no longer eat the mutton.
394. AíŸP™ c˜ °¬øõ£è Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The water is low in the well.
395. âŠð¾‹ Þ™ô£î Ü÷¾‚° ÞŠ«ð£¶ è„ê£ â‡ªíŒ M¬ô °¬øõ£è
Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The crude oil price hits a new low.
396. â¡Â¬ìò «ñ½î†®™ ¹‡ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is wound in my upper
lip
397. â¡Â¬ìò W¿î†®™ ¹‡ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is wound in my lower

lip
398. G¬øò «ð˜ Üƒ«è «ð£Aø£˜èœ - Many people go there
399. ðô˜ Üƒ«è «ð£Aø£˜èœ - Many go there
400. âˆî¬ù ðöƒèœ õ£ƒ°õ¶ â¡Á ªîKòM™¬ô - I don’t know how
many fruits to buy
401. Fùº‹ 2 ñE «ïóˆFŸ°‹ ÜFèñ£è ð®»ƒèœ - Study more than 2
hours daily
402. Þ¡Â‹ 10 GIì‹ â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀƒèœ - Take 10 more minutes.
403. âù‚° Þ¡ªù£¼ ÝŠHœ «õ‡´‹ - I want one more apple.
404. àƒèÀ‚° I‚è ï¡P - Thank you very much
405. àƒè ¬ðòÂ‚° õò¶ â¡ù? - How old is your son?
406. âšõ÷¾ õò¶ àƒè Íˆî ¬ðò¡ ÜFèñ£è Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - How much
older is your elder son?
407. Þ¡Â‹ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ «ð£èÂ‹ - How long should we still go?
408. Þ¡Â‹ âšõ÷¾ Éó‹ ÜFèñ£è «ð£èÂ‹ - How long more should
we still go? / How long further should we go?
409. i†´ è†® º®‚Aø G¬ôJ™ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The house is near
completion.
410. âù‚° è£H»‹ «õí£ì£‹, ¯»‹ «õ‡ì£‹ - I want neither coffee
nor tea.
411. â¶ «õ‡´ñ£ù£½‹ ïì‚èô£‹, ò£ó£½‹ â¬î»‹ ªê£™ô º®ò£¶ -
Who knows? / Nobody knows anything.
412. â‰î õ£èùˆ¬î»‹ GÁˆî‚Ãì£¶ - No parking (pat: No doing)
413. «êôˆ¶‚° â‰î ÞóJ½‹ «ð£è£¶ - No train goes to salem.
414. «êôˆ¶‚° ÞóJ™ «ð£è£¶ - The train does not go to salem.
415. ò£¼‹ Üõ¬ù M¼‹ðM™¬ô - Nobody likes him.
416. Þ¶ i†®¡ H™ Ü™ô¶ i†®Â¬ìò H™ - It is house bill / It is bill
of house.
417. â¡Â¬ìò i´ «ó£†®L¼‰¶ îœO Þ¼‚Aø¶ - My house is off the

road.
418. ðvR™ Þ¼‰¶ Þøƒ° - Get off from the bus
419. Üõ¡ Ü®‚è® F†Áø£¡ - He scolds often.
420. «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ™ à†è£ó£«î - Don’t sit on the table
421. «ñ¬üJ¡ «ñ«ô M÷‚° ªî£ƒ°Aø¶ - The bulb hangs above the
table.
422. å¼ º¬ø ï£¡ Ü‰î «è£M½‚° «ð£«ù¡ - I once went to that
temple.
423. õ£óˆ¶‚° å¼ º¬ø cƒèœ ÝvðˆFK‚° «ð£èÂ‹ - You have to go
to the hospital once in a week.
424. õ£óˆ¶‚° Þó‡´ º¬ø cƒèœ ÝvðˆFK‚° «ð£èÂ‹ - You have
to go to the hospital twice / two times in a week.
425. àƒèO™ å¼ˆî˜ Þƒè õ£ƒè - One of you comes here.
426. å¼ ï£œ Üõ¡ õ¼õ£¡ - One day he will come.
427. ðv‚° âF˜ô «ð£Œ G™½ - Stand opposite the bus
428. e¡ Ü™ô¶ èP õ£ƒ° - Buy fish or mutton.
429. å¼ «ðù£ Þ¼‚°¶. Þ¡ªù£¼ «ðù£ âƒ«è? - one pen is here.
where is other/another pen?
430. c ñŸø ñ£íõ˜èÀì¡ M¬÷ò£´ - You play with other students.
431. ÞŠð A÷‹¹. Þ™¬ôù£ ðv A¬ì‚è£¶ - Leave now. Otherwise,
you won’t get bus.
432. ªõOJ™ A÷‹¹ - Leave out
433. CQñ£ ðì‹ º®‰î¶ - The movie was over.
434. Üõ¡ â¡¬ù î£‡® ïì‚Aø£¡ - He walks past me.
435. å¼ «õ¬÷, Üõ¡ Þƒè ê£ŠHìô£‹ - Perhaps, he will eat here / He
may eat here.
436. Y‚Aóñ£ A÷‹¹ - Leave quickly.
437. êˆî‹ «ð£ì£b˜ - Please be quiet.
438. Þõ¼‹ Ü«î «êK™ à†è£˜‰F¼‚Aø£˜ - He also sits in the same

chair.
439. Üõ˜èœ å«ó ¬ð‚A™ ªê™Aø£˜èœ - They go in the same bike.
440. Üõ¡ â¡¬ù ñ£FK Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - He is similar to me / He is same
as me / He is like me
441. ï£¡ 1970 L¼‰¶ Þƒ° õC‚A«ø¡ - I live here since / from 1970.
442. ï£¡ 30 Ý‡´è÷£è Þƒ° õC‚A«ø¡ - I live here for 30 years
443. àƒèœ àîM‚° ï£¡ à÷ñ£ø ï¡P ÃÁA«ø¡ - I am sincerely
grateful for your help
444. Üõ¡ ïì‚è º®ò£î Ü÷¾‚° õò¶ ÝAM†ì¶ - He is so old that
he can’t walk.
445. Ü¶‚° ÞŠð â¡ù? - So what?
446. ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹ ê£ŠHÁ«ø¡ - I still eat.
447. ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹ ê£ŠHìM™¬ô - I still do not eat / I do not eat yet / I
haven’t eaten yet.
448. ï£¡ ÞQ«ñ™ î£¡ ê£ŠHìÂ‹ Ü™ô¶ ï£¡ Þ¡Â‹ ê£ŠHìM™¬ô -
I am yet to eat / I have to eat hereafter.
449. Ü‰îñ£FK F†ì£«î - Don’t scold like that / such that.
450. Üõ˜ Ü‰î Ü÷¾‚° ï™ôõ˜ - He is such a nice person
451. èî¾ Ì†®J¼‚°î£Â àÁFð´ˆF‚ªè£œ - Please make sure that
the door is locked
452. Üîù£™î£¡ Üõ¡ â¡¬ù Ü®„ê£¡ - That is why he hits me.
453. ï£¡ Ü¬îî£¡ ªê£¡«ù¡ - That is what I told.
454. ò£ó™ô£‹ â¡Ãì õ˜Pƒè«÷£ õ£ƒè - Those who like to come with
me, please come.
455. ÜŠð™ô£‹ 10 Ïð£Œ â¡ð¶ 1000 Ïð£Œ‚° êññ£°‹ - (In) those days
10 rupees were equal to Rs 1000.
456. è£Ÿø£® Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is a fan
457. è£Ÿø£® Üƒ«è Þ¼‚Aø¶ - The fan is there.
458. Üõ¡ è£´ õNò£è ªê™Aø£¡ - He goes through the forest.
459. ï£¡ ÝˆÉ˜ õNò£è ªê™A«ø¡ - I go through (via) attur / I pass

Attur on the way.
460. ï£¡ Üõ¡ Íôñ£è ªêŒF¬ò «è†«ì¡ - I heard the news through
/ by him.
461. áªó™ô£‹ å«ó ðóðóŠð£ Þ¼‚Aø¶ - There is a tension all over /
through out the town.
462. è¬ì 9 ñE õ¬ó Fø‰F¼‚°‹ - The shop opens till 9 o’clock / the
shop is opened till 9 o’clock.
463. Ü‰î Ü¬øJ™ 10 «ð˜ õ¬ó Üñóô£‹ - Upto 10 people can sit in the
room.
464. ï£¡ è£H °®‚è ðöA ªè£‡«ì¡ - I am used to drink coffee.(pat:
be used to do sth)
465. ï£¡ º¡¹ è£H °®„CA†´¼‰«î¡, (Ýù£™ ÞŠ«ð£¶ è£H °®Šð¶
Þ™¬ô) - I used to drink coffee (pat: use to do sth)
466. Þ‰î õNJ™ «ð£ƒèœ - Go this way.
467. â‰î F¬ê õì‚° - Which way is north?
468. Üõ˜ õNJ™ õ‰¶‚ªè£‡®¼‚Aø£˜ - He is on the way.
469. â¡ù ¹ˆîè‹ àù‚° «õ‡´‹ - What book you want?
470. â¡ù ªêòø¶¡Â ªîKòô - Don’t know what to do.
471. Üõù Þƒè õóªê£™½ - Ask him to come here.
472. cƒè ªêòø¶ îŠ¹ - What are you doing is wrong.
473. ÞŠð â¡ù ê£ŠHìô£‹ - What to eat now?
474. Þ‰î è£Ÿø£® âîŸè£è? - What for this fan?
475. Þ¡Q‚° ñ¬ö ªðŒ…ê£ â¡ù ð‡μMƒè - What if it rains today.
476. âŠªð£¿¶ «êô‹ «ð£èô£‹ - When shall we go to salem?
477. âŠð™ô£‹ àù‚° «î£Â«î£ ÜŠð Þƒè õ£ - Whenever possible /
felt, you come here.
478. âƒè «ð£õ¶ â¡Á ªê£™½ƒèœ - Please tell me where to go.
479. âƒè Þ¼‚Al˜è«÷£ Üƒè Þ¼ƒèœ - Stay where you are / Don’t
move.
480. ò£¼‚° æ†´ «ð£ìø¶? - Who to vote?

481. «èœM¬ò ò£Ã†ì «è†ð¶ - Who to ask the question?
482. Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò¶? - Whose is this?
483. Þ¶ ò£¼¬ìò ¹ˆîè‹? - Whose book is this?
484. Þ‰î ¹ˆîè‹ ò£¼¬ìò¶? - Whose is this book?
485. ã¡ Üõ¡ «è£ðñ£è Þ¼‚Aø£¡ - Why he is angry?
486. ã¡ Üõ¡ Þ¡Â‹ A÷‹¹ô - Why doesn’t he leave yet? / Why he
doesn’t leave yet?
487. ã¡ Üõ¡ A÷‹¹ø£¡? - Why he leaves?
488. ï£¡ à¡Âì¡ õ«ó¡ - I come with you.
489. ï£¡ Üõ¬ó ñ£íõ˜ î¬ôõó£è ÜƒAèK‚A«ø¡- I acknowledge
him as the student leader.
490. â¡e¶ °Ÿø‹ ²ñˆî£«î - Don’t accuse me.
491. ð£ˆFóˆF™ î‡a¬ó áŸÁ - Pour the water in the utensil.
492. ð£ˆFóˆF™ ñ£¬õ ªè£†´ - Put / pour the flour in the utensil.
493. ªïŒ áŸP M÷‚° «ð£´ - Light up the Vilakku using ghee.
494. î¬ó¬ò «îŒ‚è£«î - Don’t rub the floor.
495. î‡E¬ò áŸP î¬ó¬ò è¿¾ - Clean the floor with water / Pour
the water on the floor and clean it.
496. â¡¬ù cƒèœ ñô˜ â¡Á ÃŠH´ƒèœ - Call me Malar.
497. Üõ¬ó Üõ¼¬ìò ñ£ñ£ õ÷˜ˆî£˜ - His uncle brought up him.
498. ê£ŠHìø¶‚° ªõOJô «ð£ô£ñ£? - Can we go out to eat?
499. âù‚° ¹ˆF â¶¾‹ ªê£™ô£«î - Don’t advise me on anything.
500. îI› õ£›è - TAMIL VALGA.
******
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2. Spoken English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

3. Written English â¡ø£™ â¡ù?

ÝƒAô Þô‚èíˆ¬î ï¡° ªîK‰¶

4. Spoken English-‹ Written English-‹ å¡ø£?

ðò¡ð´ˆFù£™ õ£‚Aòˆ¬î Ü¬ñŠðF½‹

6. ÝƒAôˆF™ â¿îõîŸ° ã¡ èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ

èôŠ¹ õ£‚Aòƒèœ Iè ¸μ‚èñ£ù ÝƒAô

Þ¬õèœ âO¬ñò£ù õ£‚Aòƒèœ Ý°‹.

Ýù£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ â¡ù ïì‚Aø¶? ÝƒAô

8. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚LR™ ªð¼‹ð£¡¬ñ«ò£˜ ªêŒ»‹

9. v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚Lv èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ ÝƒAô Þô‚èí‹

Ýù£™ ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²õîŸ° ñ†´‹ ã¡

12. îIN™ ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹ å¼ è¼ˆ¬î õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹

è¼ˆ¶: ê˜‚è¬ó ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?

ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò‹: â¡Á õ£‚Aò

ÞŠªð£¿¶ ïñ‚° ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è£ñ™

“î‚è£O ãî£õ¶ eF Þ¼‚Aøî£?” â¡ð¬î

Ü«î«ð£™ www.nlrc.in â¡ø ªõŠ¬ê†®L¼‚°‹

Physical Memory- Ýù¶ ï‹º¬ìò

17. ã¡ ÝƒAô ªñ£N îIN™ èŸÁˆîóŠð´Aø¶?

ï‹ â™«ô£¼‚°‹ îI› ï¡ø£è ªîK»‹.

îIN™ “è” â¡Á º®»‹ õ£˜ˆ¬îèœ

â¡ð¬î îIN™ ¹ô¡ ê£˜‰î

Ü™ô¶ «ò£Cˆb˜è«÷£ Ü¬õè¬÷ å¼ î£O™

22. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²ðõK¡ ñùG¬ô ñŸÁ‹ «è†ðõK¡

¾ «è†ðõ˜ ÝƒAô õ£‚AòˆF¡ ªð£¼¬÷

¾ «ð²ðõ˜ Þ‰î ñ£FK «ðCù£™ Ãì «è†ðõ˜

23. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è

ÝƒAôˆF™ «ð²‹«ð£¶ îI¬ö«ð£™ «õèñ£è

24. Cognitive Spoken English â¡ð¶ â¡ù?

ï£‹ ï‹º¬ìò Í¡ø£õ¶ õòF™ îI¬ö

25. Communication Skill â¡ðî¡ à‡¬ñò£ù ªð£¼œ

Þ‰î Hó„ê¬ù¬ò «ð£‚è cƒèœ õ£‚Aò

28. ñ£íõ˜èœ ðœO, è™ÖKèO™ âŠð® ð®‚è «õ‡´‹?

¹K‰¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ ñ†´‹î£¡ ï£‹ â¬î»‹

29. «õ¬ô õ£ŒŠ¹ «ï˜è£íL™ àƒèOìI¼‰¶ â¡ù

30. ÝƒAôˆF™ «ðê èŸÁ‚ªè£œ÷ â‰î Dictionary-¬ò

NLRC Rules for Spoken

v«ð£‚è¡ Þƒ‚L¬ú êó÷ñ£è «ð²õîŸ° â¡.â™.Ý˜.C

îIN™ àœ÷ è¼ˆ¬î ÝƒAôˆF™ õ£‚Aòñ£è Ü¬ñ‚è

ï£‹ G¬ù‚°‹ îI› è¼ˆ¶‚° ÝƒAô õ£‚Aò Ü¬ñŠ¹

3. Ü´ˆ¶, ªè£´‚èŠð†ì îI› õ£‚AòˆF™,

îI› è¼ˆ¶: “â¡