JCSF - Mathematics - Trigonometry & Solid Mensuration With Solutions

JCSF ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MATH 0005 pg.
MATHEMATICS prepared by: ENGR. CHRISTIAN M. PANGANIBAN SET B
TRIGONOMETRY AND SOLID MENSURATION

1. Find the area of the triangle below:
a. 46 m2 b. 64 m2 c. 80 m2 d. 96 m2
Answer: B. 64 m2
Formulas: Radius of the Circumscribed Circle about a Triangle
abc
r= where : r = radius of circle ; A = area of the triangle ; a, b, c = sides of the triangle
4A
But the given triangle is an isosceles triangle (with two equal sides and two equal angles)
C
a b
45 ° 45 °
B A
c
And also, the given triangle is a right triangle (with one angle equal to 90°)
Thus, Area of a Right Triangle,
1 1 1
Area = ab = b 2 tan A = a 2 tanB
2 2 2 Note : If the given triangle is not a right triangle
Using the two formulas, but an OBLIQUE TRIANGLE given the
lenghts of 3 sides
abc b2c b2c use :
r= but a = b (isosceles) r = or Area = HERON' S FORMULA :
4A 4A 4r
b2c b2c A = S(S-a)(S-b)(S-c)
but r = 8 m thus, Area = ; Area = → Equation 1
4(8) 32 where,
1 1 1 a+b+c
but Area = b 2 tan A = b 2 tan 45°; Area = b 2 → Equation 2 S=
2 2 2 2
equating Equation 1 and Equation 2,
b2c 1 2 32 S = semi-perimeter
= b ;c= = 16 m a, b, c = three sides of triangle
32 2 2
b
Consider the right triangle, sin45° = ; b = 16sin45°
16 But: If 2 sides and their included angle are given,
(16sin45°) 2 (16 use:
Thus, Area = = 64 m 2
4(8)
1 1 1 1
or A = (16 sin 45°) 2 tan 45° = 64 m 2 Area = bc sin A = ac sin B = ab sin C
2 2 2 2
where:
a, b, c = three sides of triangle
A, B, C = three interior angles
JCSF ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MATH 0005 pg. 2
2. Find the radius of a circle inscribed in a triangle with sides of 5 cm, 7 cm and 10 cm.
a. 1.477 cm b. 2.477 cm c. 3.477 cm d. 4.447 cm
Answer: A. 1.477 cm 7
Formulas: Radius of the Inscribed Circle in a Triangle
A
r= A = area of a triangle ; S = semi - perimeter
S r 5
10
Since 3 sides of triangle are given, Heron’s Formula can be used.
Thus,
A = S(S − a)(S − b)(S − c )
radius “r” can also be solved directly by,
a + b + c 5 + 7 + 10
where : S = = = 11 (S − a)(S − b)(S − c)
2 2 r=
thus, A = 11(11 − 5)(11 − 7)(11 − 10) = 264 S
(11 − 5)(11 − 7)(11 − 10)
A 264 r= = 1.477 cm
therefore : r = = = 1.477 cm 11
S 11
3. The area of a triangle whose sides are 25 cm, 39 cm and 40 cm is:

a. 468 cm2 b. 648 cm2 c. 846 cm2 d. 498 cm2
Answer: A. 468 cm2

Use Heron’s Formula:
A = S(S − a)(S − b)(S − c)
a + b + c 25 + 39 + 40
where:S = = = 52
2 2
thus, A = 52(52 − 25)(52 − 39)(52 − 40) = 468 cm2
4. Solve for the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle if lengths of the two legs are 7 m and 16 m, respectively.
a. 10.363 m b. 12.567 m c. 15.648 m d. 17.464 m
Answer: D. 17.464 m 2 2 2
Use Pythagorean Theorem (for Right Triangles only) c = a + b where : c = hypotenuse ; a and b = two legs
Thus,
c = a 2 + b 2 = 7 2 + 162 = 17.464 cm
5. An oblique triangle has sides a = 6 cm, b = 9 cm and angle C = 32°. Solve the other angles of the triangle.
a. 39°6’48” ; 108°51’54” b. 39°6’48” ; 98°51’54” c. 40° ; 80° d. 50° ; 102°
Answer: A. 39°6’48” ; 108°51’54” B

Formulas: For Oblique Triangles COSINE LAW :
a c
SINE LAW : a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
a b c b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B
= = A
sin A sinB sin C c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C b
C
Thus, c = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos A = 6 2 + 9 2 − 2(6)(9) cos 32° = 5.04 cm
6 5.04
= ; A = 39° 6' 48"
sinA sin 32°
9 5.04
= ; B = 71.135° or 180° - 71.135° = 108.865° = 108° 51' 54"
sinB sin 32°
or use COSINE LAW to directly get the value of 108.865°

Note: Sum of the interior angles of any triangle is equal to 180°.
6. Given a triangle with angle C = 28.7°, side a = 132 units and b = 224 units. Solve for the angle B.
a. 140.94° b. 130.94° c. 120.94° d. 80.94°
B
Answer: C. 120.94°
a c
c = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos A = 132 2 + 224 2 − 2(132)(224) cos 28.7° = 125.42 units
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B ; 224 2 = 132 2 + 125.42 2 − 2(132)(125.42) cos B ; B = 120.94° A
b
C
7. The perimeter of a small rectangular industrial lot is 140 m and its diagonal is 50 m. Find the area of the lot in
square meters.
a. 1250 b. 1200 c. 1300 d. 1500
Answer: B. 1200
Formulas: Perimeter of a Rectangle,
Perimeter = 2L + 2W 50 m W
Area of a Rectangle,
Area = LW L
50 = (70 − W ) 2 + W 2
2
Therefore, 2500 = 4900 − 140W + W 2 + W 2

140 = 2L + 2W → Equation 1 2W 2 − 140W + 2400 = 0 dividing both sides by 2
Consider the triangle formed :
W 2 − 70W + 1200 = 0
Using the Pythagorean Theorem,
( w − 40)(W − 30) = 0
50 2 = L2 + W 2 → Equation 2 W = 40 m or W = 30 m
From Equation 1, Thus, L = 70 - 30 = 40 m or L = 70 - 40 = 30 m
2L = 140 - 2W dividing both sides by 2
Therefore, Area = 40m(30m) = 1200 m 2
L = 70 - W → substitute to Equation 2
or Area = 30m(40m) = 1200 m 2
8. If a right circular cone has a base radius of 35 cm and an altitude of 45 cm, solve for the total surface area in cm2
and volume in cm3, of the cone.
a. 9,857.67 ; 45,034.44 b. 10,116.89 ; 57,726.77 c. 6,268.44 ; 57726.77 d. none of these
Answer: B. 10,116.89 ; 57,726.77

Formulas: Lateral Surface Area of a Cone, ALS
A LS = π r r 2 + h 2
L 45 cm
Area of the base of a Cone (Area of Circle), AB
π 2
AB =d h = πr 2
4 35 cm
Volume of a Cone, V 70 cm
1 1
V = π r 2h = π d2h
3 12
Thus,
Total Surface Area = Area of the base + Lateral Surface Area
Total Surface Area = π r 2 + π r r 2 + h 2 = π(35) 2 + π(35) 35 2 + 45 2 = 10,116.89 cm 2
1 1
Volume = π r 2 h = π(35) 2 (45) = 57,726.77 cm 3
3 3
9. If one of the edges of a cube measures 12 cm. Calculate the surface area in cm2, and the volume in cm3.
a. 846 ; 1782 b. 648 ; 1728 c. 864 ; 1728 d. 486 ; 1278
Answer: C. 864 ; 1728

Formulas: Surface Area of a Cube, AS
A S = 6a 2
Volume of a Cube, V a = 12 cm
V = a3
a = 12 cm a = 12 cm
2 2
Thus, Surface Area = 6(12 cm) = 864 cm
Volume = (12 cm)3 = 1728 cm3
10. A pyramid with a square base has an altitude of 25 cm. If the edge of the base is 15 cm. Calculate the volume in
cm3 of the pyramid.
a. 1875 b. 1785 c. 1578 d. 1585
Answer: A. 1875
Formula: Volume of a Pyramid, V
1 h = 25 cm
V = ( Area of the base)(height)
3
1 15 cm 15 cm
V = A Bh
3
Thus, 1
Volume = (15 cm x 15 cm)(25 cm) = 1875 cm3
3
11. If the volume of the sphere is 345 cubic cm, solve for its diameter, in cm.
a. 7.8 b. 4.7 c. 8.7 d. 6.8
Answer: C. 8.7
Formula: Volume of a Sphere, V
r
4 3 π 3
V= πr = d
3 6
Therefore, π 3 π
V= d ; 345 = d3
6 6
345( 6)
d=3 = 8.7 cm
π
12. If the LPG spherical tank of Shell Company has an inside diameter of 15 meters and it could be safely filled to 75%
of its total volume, compute for the volume, in cubic meters, of LPG that could be safely store in tank.
a. 1767.15 b. 1325.36 c. 1425.89 d. 1424.45
Answer: B. 1325.36 π 3 π
Total Volume = d = (15m) 3 = 1767.15 m3
6 6
Safe Volume = 75% of total volume = 0.75(1767.15 m3 ) = 1325.36 m3
13. The semicircle shown below has a radius of 15 cm. Find the area of the shaded part.
2x
2x
2
a. 173.33 cm b. 371.33 cm2 c. 271.77 cm2 d. 71.33 cm2
Answer: A. 173.33 cm2

Based on the figure,
Area of the shaded part = Area of Semicircle – Area of the Square
Note: Area of Semicircle= 1/2 of the Area of a Circle

πr 2 π(15cm) 2
Area semi−circle = = = 353.43 cm2
2 2
For the Area of the Square, 2x
Consider the figure:
2x 2x
θ
2x x x
tanθ =
x
θ = tan −1 2 = 63.42°
Based on the firgure shown, the hypotenuse of the triangle is equal to the radius of the semicircle
2x
Thus, sin63.43° =
15cm
2x = 13.42cm = sides of the square
Thus, Area of the square = (2x) 2 = (13.42 cm) 2 = 180.1 cm 2
Therefore, Area of the Shaded Part = 353.43 cm 2 - 180.1 cm 2 = 173.33 cm 2
14. Find the measure of each interior angle of a regular hexagon.

a. 145° b. 136° c. 120° d. 200°
Answer: C. 120°
Formula: Interior Angle of Any Regular Polygon, θ
Note : For EXTERIOR ANGLE, β
(n − 2)(180°) where: n = number of sides
θ=
n 360°
use: β=
θ n
Thus, where: β = exterior angle
For hexagon, n = 6 n = number of sides
(6 − 2)(180°)
θ= = 120°
120
15. How many sides has an equiangular polygon if each interior angle is 165°?
a. 23 b. 24 c. 12 d. 14
Answer: B. 24 (n − 2)(180°)
θ=
n
(n − 2)(180°)
165° =
n
165n = 180n − 360
15n = 360
n = 24 sides
16. Find the sum of the interior angles, in degrees, of a regular decagon.
a. 1200° b. 1450° c. 1440° d. 1800°
Answer: C. 1440°
Formulas: Sum of the interior angles any regular polygon, S For Decagon, n = 10
Thus,
S = θn
(n − 2)(180°) (10 − 2)(180°)
θ= = = 144°
where: θ = interior angle n 10
S = θ n = 144°(10) = 1440°
n = number of sides
17. Find the number of diagonals in a nonagon.

a. 28 b. 25 c. 29 d. 27
Answer: D. 27
Formula: Number of Diagonals of Any Polygon, d
n(n − 3)
d= where: n = no. of sides
2
For Nonagon, n = 9
Thus, n(n − 3) 9(9 − 3)
d= = = 27 diagonals
2 2
18. If the number of diagonals in a polygon is 9, what polygon is this?
a. hexagon b. pentagon c. nonagon d. heptagon
n(n − 3)
Answer: A. hexagon d=
2
n(n − 3)
9=
2
18 = n 2 − 3n
n 2 − 3n − 18 = 0
(n − 6)(n + 3) = 0
n−6 = 0 n+3 = 0
n=6 n = −3
Thus, n = 6 (positive value)
Therefore, the polygon is a hexagon
19. Find the length of the sides of a regular octagon inscribed in a circle with radius 4 in.
a. 3.06 in b. 2.34 in c. 2.05 in d. 1.23 in
Answer: A. 3.06 in
θ θ θ θ
For octagon, n = 8
2 2 2 2
Thus,
θ=
(n − 2)(180°) (8 − 2)(180°)
= = 135° θ β r = 4 in
n 8
360° 360°
β= = = 45°
n 8
Consider the triangle,
x
θ
θ 135°
2 = = 67.5° Thus, x
2 2 sin 22.5° =
β 4 in β 45° 4 in
2 = = 22.5° x = 1.53 in
2 2
But the length of the sides = 2x = 2(1.53 in) = 3.06 in
20. Find the area of a pentagon having a perimeter of 50 inches.

a. 271 in2 b. 172 in2 c. 169 in2 d. 145 in2
Answer: B. 172 in2

Formula: Perimeter of a Regular Polygon,
P = nL S
where: P = perimeter ; n = no. of sides and LS = length of sides
For Pentagon, n = 5
Thus, P 50 in
LS = = = 10 in
n 5
For Area of Any Regular Polygon,
⎛1 ⎞
Area = ⎜ L S a ⎟ n
⎝2 ⎠
where: Ls = length of sides ; a = apothem and n = no. of sides
or
Area =
n(L S ) 2 5 in 5 in
⎛ 180° ⎞ θ θ
4 tan⎜ ⎟
⎝ n ⎠ θ 2 2 θ
2 β 2 a = apothem
(n − 2)(180°) (5 − 2)(180°) β β
θ= = = 108° 10 in 2 2
n 5
θ 108°
= = 54°
2 2
360° 360°
β= = = 72°
n 5 θ
β 72°
= = 36°
2 2
Thus,
⎛θ⎞
apothem = a = 5 tan⎜ ⎟ = 5 tan 54° = 6.88 in
⎝2⎠
⎛1 ⎞ ⎡1 ⎤
A = ⎜ L S a ⎟ n = ⎢ (10)(6.88)⎥ 5 = 172 in2
⎝2 ⎠ ⎣2 ⎦
n(L S ) 2 5(10) 2
or A = = = 172 in2
⎛ 180° ⎞ ⎛ 180° ⎞
4 tan⎜ ⎟ 4 tan⎜ ⎟
⎝ n ⎠ ⎝ 5 ⎠
21. Find area of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of 1 in radius.

a. 5.298 in2 b. 3.598 in2 c. 2.598 in2 d. 1.586 in2
Answer: C. 2.598 in2
For hexagon, n = 6
Thus, x x
(n - 2)(180°) (6 - 2)(180°)
θ= = = 120°
n 6 θ θ
θ 120° 2 2
= = 60° β
2 2
360° 360°
r = 1 in apothem = a
β β
β= = = 60°
n 6 2 2
β 60°
= = 30° x
2 2 θ θ
Consider the triangle, 2
sin 60° =
a a
1in β r =1in
a = 0.866 in 2
x
sin30° =
1 in LS
x = 0.5 in
But L S = 2 x = 2(0.5 in) = 1in
Therefore :
⎛1 ⎞ ⎡1 ⎤
A = ⎜ L s a ⎟ n = ⎢ (1)(0.866)⎥ 6 = 2.598 in2
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎣ 2 ⎦
22. A square has a perimeter of 64 in. If the area of a circle is equal to that of the square. What is the circumference of
the circle?
a. 56.72 in b. 65.27 in c. 72.56 in d.67.25 in
Answer: A. 56.72 in
Formulas: Perimeter of a Square, P
P = 4a where: a= sides of the square
Area of a Square, AS
A S = a2
Area of a Circle, AC Circumference of a Circle, C
π 2
A C = πr 2 = d C = 2πr = πd
4
Thus,
P = 4a ; 64 = 4a ; a = 16 in
A S = a 2 = 162 = 256 in2
but A S = A C → given condition
Thus, 256 = πr 2 ; r = 9.027 in
Therefore : C = 2πr = 2π(9.027) = 56.72 in
23. A circle has an area of 100 in2, find its circumference, in inches.
a. 44.35 b. 35.44 c. 54.34 d. 43.45
Answer: B. 35.44 A = πr 2
100 = πr 2
r = 5.64 in
C = 2πr = 2π(5.64) = 35.44 in
24. A trapezoid has a bottom base of 10 in and top base of 6 inches. If the height of the trapezoid is 5 in, find its area in
in2.
a. 45 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50
Answer: C. 40 a
Formula: Area of a Trapezoid, A
( a + b)
A= h h
2
Thus, b
(6 + 10)
A= (5) = 40 in2
2
25. The diameter of a sphere is equal to the bases diameter of a right circular cone. What percentage of that diameter
must the cones height be so that the volume of both solids is equal.
a. 150% b. 180% c. 200% d. 120%
Answer: C. 200%
Condition : Volume of Sphere = Volume of Cone
π π
Vsphere = d 3 ; Vcone = d 2 h
6 12
π 3 π 2 h
Thus, d = d h
6 12
h
d=
2
h = 2d d d
Therefore : h = 200% of d
26. A horizontal right cylindrical tank a diameter of 2 meters and is 5 meters long. If the tank is filled with fuel oil to a
depth of 1.5 meters. Find the volume of the oil in the tank, in liters.
a. 12640 b. 21460 c. 12460 d. 12046
Answer: A. 12640
5m
0.5 m
0.5 m
2m
2m
1.5 m 1m
1.5 m
Formulas: Area of a Sector, AS
1 1 r x
A S = Sr = r 2 θ
2 2
θ S 0.5 m
1m
Length of Arc, S
r
S = rθ
where: r = radius and θ = angle in radians
Area of Circular Segment, ACS
A CS = Area of Sector - Area of Triangle θ

r r
Soltuion :
Volume FUEL = area FUEL x length TANK
but area FUEL = area of circle - area of circular segment
π π x
area of circle = d 2 = (2m) 2 = π m 2
4 4
Consider the half of the triangle,
x 2 + 0.5 2 = 12
0.5 m
x = 12 − 0.5 2 = 0.75 thus, base = 2( 0.75 )
⎛ θ ⎞ 0.5 1m
cos⎜ ⎟ =
⎝2⎠ 1 θ
θ −1 2
= cos (0.5)
2
θ
= 60° , thus θ = 2(60°) = 120° base
2
1 1
Area of a triangle = base x height = (2 0.75 )(0.5) = 0.433 m 2 x x
2 2
1 1 ⎛ π ⎞
Area of a sector = r 2 θ = (1) 2 ⎜ 120°x ⎟ = 1.047 m
2
2 2 ⎝ 180° ⎠
Thus,
0.5 m
Area of a circular segment = 1.047m 2 − 0.433 m 2 = 0.614 m 2 height
A rea FUEL = π m 2 − 0.614 m 2 = 2.528 m 2
1000 liters
Therefore : volume FUEL = 2.528 m 2 (5 m) = 12.64 m 3 x = 12640 liters
1 m3
27. A rat fell on a bucket of a water wheel with a diameter of 600 cm, which traveled an angle of 190° before it dropped
from the bucket. Calculate the linear distance in centimeter, that the bucket carried the rat.
a. 995 cm b. 868 cm c. 478 cm d. 350 cm
Answer: A. 995 cm
rat
Re quired : Linear Distance that the bucket carried the rat, S

Solution :
diameter of the wheel = 600 cm thus, radius = 300 cm d = 600 cm
Therefore : S = rθ
⎛ π radians ⎞
S = 300 cm ⎜ 190°x ⎟ = 994.84 cm ≈ 995 cm 190°
⎝ 180° ⎠
S=?
28. A horizontal cylindrical tank with hemispherical ends is to be filled with water to a height of 762 mm. If the inside
diameter of the cylinder is 1016 mm and the length is 3600 mm, find the volume of the water required, in cubic
meters.
a. 3.567 b. 1.456 c. 2.811 d. 3.267
Answer: C. 2.811
Soltuion :
Volume WATER = V IN CYLINDER + VIN SPHERE d = 1.016 m
0.762 m water
Consider the half of the triangle,
x 2 + 0.254 2 = 0.508 2
x = 0.508 2 − 0.254 2 = 0.4399 m L = 3.60 m
⎛θ⎞ x 0.4399
sin⎜ ⎟ = =
2
⎝ ⎠ 0 . 508 0.508
θ ⎛ 0.4399 ⎞ 0.254 m x x
= sin −1 ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎝ 0.508 ⎠ 0.254 m 0.254 m
θ 0.508m
= 60° , thus θ = 2(60°) = 120° 1.061m
2 0.508 m
1 0.762 m
Area of a triangle(whole) = base x height
2
1
= (0.4399x2)(0.254) = 0.1117 m 2
2
1 1 ⎛ π ⎞ base
Area of a sector = r 2 θ = (0.508) 2 ⎜ 120°x ⎟ = 0.27 m
2
2 2 ⎝ 180° ⎠
Thus, x x x
Area of a circular segment = A sec tor − A triangle
= 0.27 m 2 − 0.1117 m 2 = 0.1583 m 2
π 2 π
Area circle = d = (1.016) 2 = 0.8107 m 2 r = 0.254 m 0.5 m
4 4 height
A rea water = Area circle − Area circular segment r = 0.508 m
= 0.8107m 2 − 0.1583 m 2 = 0.6524 m 2 θ
Therefore : volume of water in the cylinder, 2
VIN CYLINDER = Area water x Length cylinder = 0.6524(3.6) = 2.34864 m 3
Consider now the two hemispherical ends,

→ Combine the two hemispherical ends to form a SPHERE
But: Volume of Spherical Segment, VSS
πh2
VSS = (3r − h)
3
Thus,
πh 2 π(0.762) 2
VSS = (3r − h) = (3x0.508 − 0.762)
3 3
Vss = 0.463 m 3 = volume of water in the sphere
thus, VIN SPHERE = 0.463 m 3
Therefore :
Volume of water required = V IN CYLINDER + VIN SPHERE
= 2.3864 m 3 + 0.463 m 3
= 2.811 m 3
29. The interior angle of a regular polygon measures 144°. The polygon has _____ sides.
a. 12 b. 10 c. 8 d. 6
Answer: B. 10 (n − 2)(180°)
θ=
n
(n − 2)(180°)
144° =
n
144n = 180n − 360
360 = 36n
n = 10 sides
30. Find the radius of circle circumscribed about the triangle for which A = 50°, B = 20° and a = 35 inches.
a. 22.84 in b. 25.64 in c. 31.25 in d. 36.55 in
Answer: A. 22.84 in C Shortcut Solution:

a b c
diameter = = =
sin A sinB sin C
b r a = 35 in
Thus,
50° 40° a 35
diameter = = = 45.69 in
A c B sin A sin 50°
45.69 in
Therefore : radius = = 22.84 in
2
31. If an equilateral triangle is circumscribed about a circle of radius 10-cm, determine the length of the side of the
triangle.
a. 34.64 cm b. 64.12 cm c. 36.44 cm d. 32.10 cm
Answer: A. 34.64 cm
60° 10
tan 30° =
x
x = 17.32 cm
Length of side = 2x = 2(17.32) = 34.64 cm
Note: An Equilateral Triangle is a triangle whose

30° 60° r = 100 cm
60° length of sides are equal. It is also an equiangular
30° triangle whose interior angles are equal (60°).
x with 1-meter diameter will be made into a piece of conical hat, 40 cm high by cutting a
32. A circular piece of cardboard
sector off and joining the edges to form a cone. Determine the angle, in degrees subtended by the sector removed
from the piece of cardboard.
a. 120° b. 160° c. 124° d. 144°
Answer: D. 144°
R
Required: angle θ in degrees
θ S
Let C C = circumference of the cone' s base
S = length of arc removed from the circular cardboard
C B = circumference of the circular cardboard R
Thus,
CC = CB − S R = 50 cm
but C C = 2π r ; C B = 2πR ; S = R θ D = 1 m = 100 cm
thus, 2π r = 2πR − Rθ → Equation1
solving for, r
Consider the right triangle in the cone,
r 2 + 40 2 = 50 2
r = 50 2 − 40 2 = 30 cm
substitute r = 30 cm and R = 50 cm to equation 1 R = 50 cm h = 40 cm
2π(30) = 2π(50) − (50)θ
50θ = 40π
4 180°
θ = πx = 144°
5 π rad r
33. A cubical container that measures 2” on the side is tightly packed with 8 marbles and is filled with water. All 8
marbles are in contact with the walls of the container and the adjacent marbles. If all the marbles are of the same
size, what is the volume in cubic inches of the water in the container?
a. 2.2 b. 2.8 c. 3.2 d. 3.8
2 inches
Answer: D. 3.8
Solve first for the diameter of the marbles,
2 inches
d= = 1 inch
2
π π
thus, the volume of one marble is V = d 3 = (1 in) 3 = 0.52 in 3 2 inches
6 6
but there are 8 marbles
thus, total volume of marbles = 0.52 in 3 (8) = 4.16 in 3
Therefore,
Volume of water = volume of the cube - total volume of marbles
but, volume of cube = (2in) 3 = 8 in 3 TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW
Volume of water = 8 in 3 - 4.16 in 3 = 3.8 in 3
34. A steel ball is immersed in an 8 cm diameter cylinder and it displaces water to a depth of 2.25 cm. What is the
radius of the steel ball?
a. 2 cm b. 3 cm c. 4 cm d. 6 cm
Answer: B. 3 cm Volume of the water displaced = volume of the steel ball(spherical ball)
final level
π 2 4 h = 2 .25 cm
Thus, d h = πr 3
4 3 inital level
where : d = diameter of the cylinder ; h = height or depth of the water displaced
r = radius of the steel ball
π 4
Therefore : (8 cm 2 )(2.25 cm) = πr 3
4 3
r = 3 cm → radius of the steel ball d = 8 cm
35. A lead pipe 6 m long is 0.95 cm thick and has an inner diameter of 7.5 cm. Find the volume of lead in cubic cm.
a. 7140.4 b. 12,250.3 c. 26,507.2 d. 15,131.5
Answer: D. 15,131.5
0.95 cm
7.50 cm 9.40 cm
Let : D = outer diameter

d = inner diameter
L = length of lead pipe
V = volume of lead (volume of the metal)
Volume of Lead in cm3 ,
π π
V = (D 2 − d2 )L = (9.4 2 − 7.5 2 )(600) = 15,131.5 cm3
4 4
36. What is the radius of a circle, if a central angle of 110° subtends a chord of length 84 inches?
a. 34.4 b. 48.4 c. 51.27 d. 68.8
Answer: C. 51.1
r
r 35°
42 in
Considering the right triangle, 55°
110° 84 in
42
sin 55° =
r 55°
r = 51.27 in → radius of a circle r 42 in
r 35°
37. A circle is divided into two parts by a chord 3 cm away from the center. Find the area of the smaller part if the circle
has an area of 201 cm2.
a. 53.7 cm2 b. 57.3 cm2 c. 63.7 cm2 d. 67.3 cm2
Answer: A. 53.7 cm2
A circle = πr 2
201 = πr 2
r = 7.999 cm
r θ
θθ r 3 cm
θ 3
c 0s = 2 2
2 r
θ ⎛ 3 ⎞
= cos −1 ⎜ ⎟ = 67.97° chord
2 ⎝ 7.999 ⎠
thus, θ = 67.97°(2) = 135.94° = 2.3726 rad
Using the shortcut formula for Area of a Circular Segment,
r2
A= (θ − sin θ)
2
r2
A= (θ − sin θ)
2
(7.999)2
A= (2.3726 − sin2.3726) = 53.7 in2 → calculator must be in RADIAN mode
2
(7.999)2
A= (2.3726 − sin135.94°) = 53.7 in2 → calculator must be in DEGREE mode
2
38. Find the length of the common chord of two circles of radii 25 cm and 26 cm, respectively, if the distance between
their centers is 17 cm.
a. 36 cm b. 40 38 cm c. 48 cm d. 54 cm
Answer: C. 48 cm
26 cm
By Cosine Law :
25 2 = 26 2 + 17 2 − 2(26)(17)cosθ 26 cm 25 cm
θ = 67.38 ° θ L =? 2θ L =?
thus,
2θ = 2(67.38°) = 134.76°
26 cm
By Cosine Law :
L2 = 26 2 + 26 2 − 2(26)(26) cos134.76° 17 cm
L = 48 cm common chord
39. A goat is tied to a corner of a 30 ft by 35 ft building. If the rope is 40 ft long and the goat can reached 1 ft farther
than the rope length, what is the maximum area the goat can cover?
a. 4480 ft2 b. 4840 ft2 c. 4084 ft2 d. 8004 ft2
Answer: C. 4084 ft2

6 ft 35 ft
B 11ft
3
AreaMAX = [area of cicle A ] + 1 [area of circle B] + 1 [area of circle C] BUILDING 30 ft
4 4 4
AreaMAX
3
[ ] [1
] [ 1
= (π )(41) + (π )(11) + (π )(6) = 4084 ft 2
4
2
4
2
4
2
] C A
GOAT
40 ft
1ft
TOP VIEW
40. Find the area of a segment having an angle of 0.75 radian in a circle whose radius is 6 inches.
a. 2.44 in2 b. 1.85 in2 c. 1.23 in2 d. 0.92 in2
Answer: C. 1.23 in2 r2

Using: Shortcut Formula A segment = (θ − sinθ )
2
(6) 2
A segment = (0.75 − sin0.75) = 1.23 in 2 → calculator must be in RADIAN mode
2
41. The three dimensions of a rectangular parallelepiped are in the ratio of 2:3:5. If the volume is 810 cubic cm, what is
the length of the longest side?
a. 6 b. 40 c. 15 d. 18
Answer: C. 15
Volume = (2x)(3x)(5x)
810 cm3 = 30x 3
x = 3 cm 2x
3x 5x
But : Largest Side = 5x = 5(3) = 15 cm
42. Find the area of a parallelogram in square cm whose sides are 67 cm and 43 cm, the acute angle between them
being 65°.
a. 1305 b. 1611 c. 1805 d. 2611
Answer: D. 2611
Formula: Area of a Parallelogram,A
67 cm
A = bh
where : b = base A = bh
h = height b = 67 cm 43 cm h 43 cm
Solving for height, h
h = sin65°(43 cm) 65°
thus, h = 38.97 cm 67 cm
therefore :
A = (67cm)(43cm) = 2611cm2
43. The lengths of the diagonals of a parallelogram are 20 cm and 30 cm. The diagonals intersect at an angle of 65°.
Find the length of the longer side of the parallelogram.
a. 14.08 cm b. 16.75 cm c. 19.68 cm d. 21.25 cm
Answer: D. 21.25 cm
Using Cosine Law : 10 cm 115° 15 cm

L2 = 152 + 102 − 2(15)(10)cos115° 65° 65° 15 cm
15 cm 115° 10 cm 115° 10 cm
L = 152 + 10 2 − 2(15)(10)cos115°
L = 21.25 cm L = longer side L = longer side
44. In problem 43, what is the area of the parallelogram in cm2?
a. 135.95 b. 125.45 c. 165.25 d. 175.85
Answer: A. 135.95
Another Formula: Area of Parallelogram, A
d1d2 d1d 2 (30 cm)(10 cm)

A= sinθ A= sinθ = sin65° = 135.95 cm2
2 2 2
where : d1 and d 2 are the diagonals (30 cm)(10 cm)
or A= sin115° = 135.95 cm2
θ = angle formed by the diagonals 2
45. Rhombus ABCD has sides of length 10 cm. If the length of diagonal AC is also 10 cm, find the length of the
diagonal BD.
a. 12.37 cm b.13.72 cm c. 17.32 cm d. 12.73 cm
Answer: C. 17.32 cm Considering the Right Triangle,

Solve for x, by Phytagorean Theorem,
A B 10 cm x
x 2 + 52 = 102
10 cm x = 102 − 52 = 8.66 cm
But diagonal BD = 2x
10 cm Thus,
D C 5 cm dBD = 2x = 2(8.66 cm) = 17.32 cm
10 cm
dBD=?
Note: A rhombus is a parallelogram with four equal sides. The diagonals are perpendicular and equal.
46. In problem 45, what is the area of the rhombus in cm2?

a. 66.8 b. 86.6 c. 44.5 d. 54.4
Answer: B. 86.6
Another Formula: Area of a Rhombus, A
d 1d 2 dd
A= sin90° = 1 2 d 1d 2 (10 cm)(17.32 cm)
2 2 A= sinθ = = 86.6 cm 2
where : d 1 and d 2 are the diagonals 2 2
θ = angle formed by the diagonals = 90°
47. The two bases of a trapezoid are 12 inches and 18 inches, respectively. If the angles of the extremities of one base
are 65° and 40° respectively, find the longer leg in inches.
a. 5.63 b. 6.23 c. 7.21 d. 7.81
Answer: A. 5.63
12 in Remove the rectangle, then combine the the 2 right triangles :

Thus,
b = longer leg 75° By Sine Law :
b = longer leg
a b 6
a a = =
sin40° sin 65° sin 75°
65° 40° 65° 40° a = 3.99 in → shorter leg
18 in b = 5.63 in → longer leg
18 in - 12 in = 6 in
48. The bases of an isosceles trapezoid are 6 inches and 18 inches respectively. Determine the length of its median.
a. 13 in b. 14 in c. 11 in d. 12 in
Base 1
Answer: D. 12 in
Median
Base 2
Note: The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the base and its length is one-half the sum of the length of the two
bases.
1 1
Thus, Median = (Base 1 + Base 2 ) = (6 in + 18 in) = 12 i n
2 2
49. A rectangle whose one side is 8 cm is inscribed in a circle of radius 8.5 cm. Find the area of the rectangle in cm2.
a. 120 b. 135 c. 150 d. 160
Answer: A. 120
x
By Pythagorean Theorem,
x 2 + 4 2 = 8.5 2 r = 8.5 cm 4 cm
x = 8.5 2 − 4 2 = 7.5 cm W = 8 cm x
thus, L = 2x = 2(7.5 cm) = 15 cm 4 cm
` Therefore : L = 2x
Area = LW = 15cm(8 cm) = 120 cm 2
50. Express in radian the angle between the hands of a clock at 3:35 PM.
a. 0.73 b. 0.83 c. 0.93 d. 10.58
Answer: B. 0.83
Note :
For every 5 minutes spaces there are 30 ° → 360 ° ÷ 12 = 30 °
and for every 60 minutes the HOUR hand will travel 5 minutes spaces
thus, making an angle of 30 ° reference
Therefore, by Ratio and Propotion (consider only the hour hand) θH
60min 25min
=
30 ° θH
θ=? 60°
θ H = 12.5 °
As shown in the figure, θ = 60 ° − θ H
πrad
Therefore : θ = 60 ° − 12.5 ° = 47.5 ° x = 0.83 rad
180 °
51. A funnel is placed in a glass as shown. If the glass is 14.5 cm tall and 7.6 cm in diameter, how high is the vertex of
the funnel above the bottom of the glass?
55°
h = 14.5 cm
x=?
d = 7.6 cm
a. 6.5 cm b. 7.2 cm c. 9.4 cm d. 6.6 cm
Answer: B. 7.2 cm
Consider the Right Triangle,

y
tan62.5° =
3.8
y = 7.2997 cm
27.5 ° y
But x = h - y = 14.5 - 7.2997 = 7.2 cm
Thus, the vertex of the funnel is 7.2 cm from the 62.5 °
base of the glass.
3.8 cm
52. What is the base of an isosceles triangle whose sides are 1.3 units in length and whose height is 1 unit?
a. 2.66 units b. 1.66 units c. 3.66 units d. 0.66 unit
Answer: B. 1.66 units

By Pythagorean Theorem,
1.3 units 1.3 units
x 2 + 12 = 1.32
1 unit x = 1.3 2 − 12 = 0.83 unit
Therefore, base = x + x = 0.83 + 0.83 = 1.66 units
x x
53. The area of an isosceles triangle is 64 sq. m with an included angle of 40° between the two equal sides. Find the
perimeter of the triangle.
a. 33.9 b. 37.9 c. 41.9 d. 44.9
1
A = absinC
2
where : A = 64 m 2
C = 40° (included angle)
Answer: B. 37.9
40°
a b
54. The sides of a triangle are 195, 157 and 210, respectively. What is the area of the triangle?
a. 73, 250 b. 10,250 c. 14,586 d. 11,260
Answer: C. 145,586 Using Heron' s Formula,

a = 195 b = 157 A = S(S - a)(S - b)(S - c)
a + b + c 195 + 157 + 210
S= = = 281 units
2 2
A = 281(281 − 195)(281 − 157)(281 − 210) = 14586 sq. units
c = 210
55. Three circles have radii 3, 4, and 5 m. If they are tangent externally. What is the area of the triangle formed?
a. 26.8 m2 b. 28.6 m2 c. 24.6 m2 d. 26.4 m2
Answer: A. 26.8 m2
Using Heron' s Formula,
4m 4m A = S(S - a)(S - b)(S - c)
a+b+c 7+9+8
S= = = 12 m
3m 5m 2 2
A = 12(12 − 7)(12 − 9)(12 − 8) = 126.8 m2
3m
5m
56. The sides of the triangle are 8, 15, 17 units. If each side is doubled, how many square units will the area of the
triangle be?
a. 240 sq. units b. 320 sq. units c. 310 sq. units d. 200 sq. units
Answer: A. 240
Using Heron' s Formula,
A = S(S - a)(S - b)(S - c)
But all sides will be doubled,
thus, a = 8(2) = 16 ; b = 15(2) = 30 ; c = 17(2) = 34
a + b + c 16 + 30 + 34
S= = = 40 units
2 2
A = 40(40 − 16)(40 − 30)(40 − 34) = 1240 sq. units
57. The legs of a right triangle are in the ratio 2:3 and its area is 108-sq. cm. find the perimeter of the triangle.
a. 21.63 cm b. 31.63 cm c. 41.63 cm d. 51.63 cm
1
Answer: D. 51.63 cm Area = base x height
2
1
108 = (2 x)(3x)
2
x = 6 cm
3x
58. Given triangle ABC in which A = 30°30’, b = 100 m and c = 200 m. Find the length of side “a”.
a. 134.23 m b. 124.64 m c. 169.45 m d. 120.45 m
A
Answer: B. 124.64 m
30°30' Using Cosine Law :

c = 200 m
a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
b = 100 m a = 100 2 + 200 2 − 2(100)(200) cos 30°30'
a = 124.64 m
B C
a=?
59. The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 34 cm. One leg is 14 cm larger than the other. Find the longer leg.
a. 30 cm b. 16 cm c. 26 cm d. 24 cm
Answer: A. 30 cm By Pythagorean Theorem,

(14 + x) 2 + x 2 = 34 2
196 + 28 x + x 2 + x 2 = 1156
2 x 2 + 28x − 960 = 0
34 cm x 2 + 14 x − 480 = 0
14 cm + x ( x + 30)( x − 16) = 0
thus, x = - 30 and x = 16
Choose :
x = 16 cm (positive value)
x Therefore :
Longer leg = 14 + x = 14 + 16 = 30 cm
60. Find the diameter of the minimum size of circular cloth that will over a triangular table, 2.5 ft by 2.5 ft by 2.8 ft
a. 2.82 ft b. 3.02 ft c. 3.22 ft d. 3.42 ft
Answer: B. 3.02 ft abc

r=
4A
a + b + c 2.5 + 2.5 + 2.8
S= = = 3.9 ft
2.5 ft 2.5 ft 2 2
A = S(S - a)(s - b)(S - c) = 3.9(3.9 - 2.5)(3.9 - 2.5)(3.9 - 2.8)
r A = 2.8997 ft 2
(2.5)(2.5)(2.8)
Therefore : r = = 1.50876 ft
2.8 ft 4(2.8997)
diameter = 2(1.50876 ft) = 3.02 ft
61. A corner lot of land is 35 meters on one street and 25 meters on the other street, the angle between the two lines of
the street being 83°25’. The other two lines of the lot are respectively perpendicular to the lines of the streets. What
is worth of the lot, in Php, if land sells at Php 180 per square meter?
a. Php 136,729.80 b. Php136,008.90 c. Php126,927.35 d. Php 342,334.56
Answer: A. Php 136,729.80

B
25 m
LOT
82°25' θ
E
A 35 m D
Given : Cost of Land = Php180 per m2

but DE = AE - AD
Required: Price or Worthof Lot
Solution:
DE = 189.44m - 35 m = 154.44m
Price or Worthof Lot = Area x land cost
CD = 154.44tan7°35'= 20.56m
Area = AABE − ACDE
1
A ABE = (AB)(BE) Thus,
2 1
1 A ABE = (25)(187.78) = 2,347.25m2
ACDE = (CD)(DE) 2
2 1
Solving for θ, ACDE = (20.56)(15 4.44) = 1,587.64m2
θ = 90° - 82°25'= 7°35' 2
Therefore:
AB 25 m
tanθ = ; BE = = 187.78m Area = 2,347.25m2 − 1,587.64m2
BE tan7°35'
AB 25 Area = 759.61m2
sinθ = ; AE = = 189.44m Php180
AE sin7°35' Price or Worthof Lot = x759.61m2
CD m2
tanθ = ; CD = DE tan7°35' Price or Worthof Lot = Php136,729.80
DE
62. A triangular portion of a lawn measuring 33 ft by 31 ft by 46 ft is to be seeded. Allowing 1/4 lb of grass seeds per
300 sq. ft, how much seed is needed?
a. 0.246 lb b. 0.426 lb c. 0.462 lb d. 0.624 lb
Answer: B. 0.426 lb
a + b + c 33 + 31 + 46
S= = = 55 ft
2 2
A = S(S - a)(S - b)(S - c) = 55(55 - 33)(55 - 31)(55 - 46) = 511.23 ft 2
1
lb
Thus, 4
Amount of seeds needed = 2
x511.23 ft 2 = 0.426 lb
300 ft
63. Three spheres if radii 1, 2 and 3 inches, respectively, are melted and formed into a new sphere. Find the radius of
this new sphere in inches.
a. 3.3 b. 4.3 c. 5 d. 6
4
Answer: A. 3.3 Total Volume = V1 + V2 + V3 = π(13 + 23 + 3 3 ) = 150.7964474 in3
3
4 3
But : Total Volume = π r
3
4
thus, 150.7964474 in = π r 3
3
3
r = 3.3 in → new radius
64. If the edge of a cube is increased by 20, by how much is the surface area increased?
a. 20% b. 40% c. 44% d. 72.8%
Answer: C. 44%
Given : edge of the cube → increased by 20%
Required : Percent Increase in Surface Area
Solution :
SHORCUT SOLUTION :
Percent Increase or Decrease in Surface Area,
Percent Increase = (1.2) 2 − 1 = 0.44 = 44%
Note : If the given is 20% decrease on the edge,
Percent Decrease = 1 - (0.8) 2 = 0.36 = 36%
Same as in Increase or Decrease inVolume,

Percent Increase = (1.2) 3 − 1 = 0.728 = 72.8%
Percent Decrease = 1 − (0.8) 3 = 0.488 = 48.8%
65. Given a sphere of diameter D, what is the percentage increase in volume when the surface area is increased by
21%?
a.10% b. 21% c. 30% d. 33%
Answer: D. 33% Given : % increase in Surface area of a sphere = 21%

Required : Percent Increase in Volume
SHORTCUT SOLUTION :
1.21 − 1 = 10% → percent increased in diameter D
Therefore : % increase in Volume = (1.10) 3 − 1 = 33.1%
66. A right circular cone has an altitude of 36 cm. A plane is passed parallel to the base at a distance 24 cm from the
vertex of the cone. Compute for the ratio of the upper cone formed by the plane to the volume of the bigger cone.
a. 0.816 b. 0.296 c. 0.346 d. 0.426
Answer: B. 0.296 SHORTCUT SOLUTION :

3
⎛ 24 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = 0.296
⎝ 36 ⎠
67. From the top and bottom of a 74-ft lighthouse, the angles of depression of a ship are 41° and 37° respectively. Find
the height of the lighthouse above sea level.
a. 555.8 ft b. 625.8 ft c. 725.8 ft d. 755.8 ft
Answer: 555.8 ft
41° 41°
74 ft 49°
74 ft
127°
37° h=?
37°
x 53° 4°
sea level sea level 37°
y
Consider the Oblique Triangle, Consider the small Right Triangle,
By Sine Law : x
sin37° =
y 74 y
=
sin49° sin4°
Thus, x = ysin37° = 800.62sin37° = 481.8 ft
y = 800.62 ft Therefore : h = x + 74 = 481.8 ft + 74 ft = 555.8 ft
68. Two trains travel from the same point, one went west at the rate of 10 kph, while the other traveled at N10°E at 20
kph. After 3 hours, find the distance, in km, between the two cars.
a. 60.45 km b. 71.59 km c. 30.45 km d. 100.20 km
Answer: B. 71.59 km
N
TRAIN # 2 Solving for the distances traveled by the two trains,
Train # 1 :
km
d 1 = Rate 1 x time = 10 x3 hr = 30 km
hr
d=? Train # 2 :
d2
10° km
hr
90° By Cosine Law : Consider the Oblique Triangle,
W d1 Starting E d 2 = d 12 + d 2 2 − 2(d 1d 2 ) cos100°
TRAIN # 1
Point d = 30 2 + 60 2 − 2(30)(60) cos100 ° = 71.59 km
69. A car travels 36 kph due east and another car from the same point at N30°E at the rate of 72 kph. After two hours,
the distance between two cars is?
a. 164.71 km b. 134.71 km c. 154.71 km d. 124.71 km
Answer: D. 124.71 km
Solving for the distances traveled by the two cars,
CAR # 2
CAR # 1 :
N km
d2 hr
d=? CAR # 2 :
km
30° d 2 = Rate 2 x time = 72 x2 hr = 144 km
hr
60° By Pythagorean Theorem : Consider the Right Triangle,
W E
d1 d 2 2 = d12 + d 2
CAR #1
d = d 2 2 − d 12 = 144 2 − 72 2 = 124.71 km
S
70. At one side of a road is a 25 ft pole fixed on top of a 15 ft wall. On the other side of the road, the flagstaff and the
wall subtend equal angle. Find the width of the road.
a. 25 ft b. 30 ft c. 40 ft d. 60 ft
Answer: B. 30 ft 15 40
tanθ = and tan2θ =
W W
From : Trigonometric Identites,
2tanθ
25 ft tan2θ =
1 - tan 2 θ
⎛ 15 ⎞
2⎜ ⎟
40 ⎝W ⎠
thus, = 2
2θ W ⎛ 15 ⎞
θ 15 ft 1− ⎜ ⎟
⎝W ⎠
θ
W 2 − 225 = 0.75W 2
W 0.25W 2 = 225
W = 30 ft → width of the road
71. An observer wishes to determine the height of a tower. He take sights to the top of the tower from points A and B at
the ground, which are 50 ft apart, at the same elevation on a direct line to the tower. The vertical angles at points A
and B are 30° and 40° respectively. What is the height of the tower?
a. 57.56 ft b. 34.67 c. 92.54 ft d. 87.34 ft
Answer: C. 92.54 ft
h
tan40° = → h = xtan40° → Equation 1
x
h
and tan30° = → h = (50 + x)tan30° → Equation 2
50 + x
Equate Equation 1 and 2,
h=? xt an40° = (50 + x)tan30°
tan30°
x = (50 + x)
tan40°
⎛ tan30° ⎞ ⎛ tan30° ⎞
x − x⎜ ⎟ = 50⎜ ⎟
⎝ tan40° ⎠ ⎝ tan40° ⎠
30° 40° 0.31194x = 34.403
x = 110.287ft
A B Therefore : h = 110.287tan40° = 92.54 ft
50 ft x
72. A PLDT tower and a monument stand on a level plane. The angles of depression of the top and foot of the
monument viewed from the top of the tower 13° and 35° respectively. The height of the tower is 50 m. Find the
height, in meters of the monument.
a. 33.514 m b. 34.568 m c. 45.673 m d. 23.452 m
Answer: A. 33.514 m 50 - h 50 − h
13° tan13° = → x= → Equation 1
x tan13°
50 50
35° and tan35° = →x = → Equation 2
x tan35°
Equate Equation 1 and 2,
13°
50 − h 50
50 m =
tan13° tan35°
50tan13°
h=? 50 − h =
tan35°
h = 33.514 ft
35°
x
73. A PLDT has a 183 m straight vertical tower. Two cables support the tower. The cables are anchored to a
horizontally leveled ground. The vertical lines of anchor points pass directly through the center base of the tower. If
the angles made by the cables are 44° and 58° respectively, find the distance between the anchors of the cables in
meters.
a. 203.9 m b. 215.8 m c. 303.9 m d. 263.4 m
Answer: C. 303.9 m
183 183
tan58° = → x= = 114.4 m
x tan58°
183 m tan44° = 183 → y = 183 = 189.5 m
y tan44°
But : d = x + y = 114.4 m + 189.5 m
d = 303.9 m
44° 58°
y x
d=?
74. A man standing on top of a 48.5 m building has horizontal eyesight 1.5 m from the top of the building. The angle of
depression of the top and of the foot of the nearby building are 50° and 80° respectively. Find the height of the
nearby building in meters. The man stands at the edge of the building and both building lie on the same ground
level.
a. 49.5 m b. 39.5 m c. 30.5 m d. 20.5 m
Answer: B. 39.5 m
50° 1.5 m
50 - h 50 − h
80° tan50° = → x= → Equation 1
x tan50°
50 m - h 50 50
and tan80° = →x = → Equation 2
50 m x tan80°
50° 48.5 m Equate Equation 1 and 2,
50 − h 50
=
h=? tan50° tan80°
50tan50°
50 − h =
80° tan80°
h = 39.5 m
x
75. A pole cast a shadow 15-m long when the angle of elevation of the sun is 61°. If the pole has lean 15° from the
vertical directly toward the sun, what is the length of the pole?
a. 54.23 m b. 48.64 m c. 36.84 m d. 64.84 m
Answer: A. 54.23 m
θ = 180° − 61° − (90° + 15°) = 14°

By Sine Law :
θ L 15m
=
15° sin61° sin14°
L=?
⎛ sin 61° ⎞
61° L = 15m⎜ ⎟
⎝ sin14° ⎠
L = 54.23 m
15 m
Note: For Problems 76 – 105 use your SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR!!!
76. Simplify: cos2θ (1 +tan2θ)

a. 1 b. zero c. cosθ d. sinθ
Answer: A. 1
77. Simplify the expression secθ –secθsin2θ

a. sinθ b. cosθ c. tanθ d. secθ
Answer: B. cosθ
78. Simplifying the equation sin2θ(1 + cot2θ) will give the value equal to
a. zero b. 2 c. 1 d. sinθ
Answer: C. 1
79. Find the value of sin2θ

a. 2sinθcosθ b. sinθcosθ c. sin2θ d. cos2θ
Answer: A. 2sinθcosθ
80. If tan A = 1/3 and cot B = 4, the tan (A + B) is equal to

a. 11/7 b. 7/11 c. 7/12 d. 12/7
Answer: B. 7/11
81. Evaluate: tan arcsin (-1.732 tan arccot 3)

a. -1 b. 1 c. -0.707 d. 0.707
Answer: C. -0.707
82. Solve for the value of A if sin A = sin 20° + sin 40°
a. 30° b. 60° c. 80° d. 120°
Answer: C. 80°
83. Solve for the value of A if sin2A + 4sinA + 3 = 0

a. π b. π/2 c. π/4 d. 3π/2
Answer: D. 3π/2
84. Simplify the expression: sec A – sec A sin2 A

a. sin A b. cos A c. csc A d. sec A
Answer: B. cos A
85. Solve for x if arctan (x + 1) +arctan(x – 1) = arctan(12)

a. 1.5 b. 1.33 c.1.25 d. 1.2
Answer: B. 1.33
86. Solve for x if sin 4x = cos (40° + x)

a. 10° b. 20° c. 30° d. 35°
Answer: A. 10°
87. Solve for x if tan 3x = 5 tan x

a. 15.705° b. 20.705° c. 30.705° d. 35.705°
Answer: B. 20.705°
88. Simplify cos (30° - A ) – cos (30° + A) as a function of A only

a. cos A b. sec A c. tan A d. sin A
Answer: D. sin A
89. Simplify cos (A + B)cosA + sin( A + B)sin A

a. sin B b. cos B c. sin A d. cos A
Answer: B. cos B
90. What is the cosine of 120°?

a. 1/2 b. -1/2 c. 1/4 d. 1/3
Answer: B. -1/2
91. Given cos2A =2cos2A -1. Find cos75°

a. 0.259 b. 0.345 c. 0.312 d. 0.567
Answer: A. 0.259
92. The logarithm of 1 to any base is

a. 1 b. more than one c. zero d. infinity
Answer: C. zero
93. What is the value of (0.001)2/3?

a. antilog(2/3 log0.001) b. 0.001[log(2/3)] c. ln 2/3 d. none of these
Answer: A. antilog(2/3 log0.001)
94. Naperian logarithms have a base equal to_____?

a. 2.71828 b. 3.1416 c. 1 d. 10
Answer: A. 2.71828
95. Logarithm of the nth root of x equals log of x to the 1/n power is also equal to:
a. nlogx b. (logx)/n c. log(x/n) d. n/logx
Answer: B. (logx)/n
96. What is the natural log of ‘e’ to the xy power

a. xylne b. xy c. both a and b d. none of these
Answer: C. both a and b
97. If x to the 3/4 power equals 8, x equals:

a. 12 b. 18 c. 16 d. 36
Answer: C. 16
98. What expression is equivalent to: logx – log(y + z)

a. xlog(y + z) b. log [(x)(y + z)] c. log [x/(y + z)] d. all of these
Answer: C. log [x/(y + z)]
99. 38.5 to the x power = 6.5 to the x-2 power, solve for x using logarithm.
a. 2.10 b. 3.10 c.4.10 d. -2.10
Answer: D. -2.10
100. If log12 x = 2, find the value of x.

a. 144 b. 156 c. 120 d. 134
Answer: A. 144
101. Which value is equal to the log to the base e of e to the -7x power?
a. 7x b. -7x c. 1/(7x) d. x/7
Answer: B. -7x
102. Solve for the value of x: sin(15° - 2x) = cos(7x + 10°)

a. 10° b. 11° c. 12° d. 13°
Answer: D. 13°
103. Express 18° in mils

a. 220 mils b. 320 mils c. 400 mils d. 480 mils
Answer: B. 320 mils
104. Angles are measured from the positive horizontal axis, and the positive is counterclockwise. What are the values of
sinB and cosB in the fourth quadrant?
a. sinB<0 ; cosB < 0 b. sinB=0 ; cosB < 0 c. sinB<0 ; cosB>0 d. sinB>0 ; cosB < 0
Answer: C. sinB<0 ; cosB>0
105. What are the exact values of the cosine and tangent trigonometric functions of acute angle A, given sin A = 3/7?
a. b. c. d.
4 10 3 10 4 10 3 10 2 10 3 10 10 10
; ; ; ;
7 10 7 20 7 20 7 20
Answer: C. 2 10 ; 3 10
7 20
IMPORTANT POINTS:
Triangle is a figure formed by three segments joining three noncollinear points. Each segment is a side of the
triangle and each point is a vertex of the triangle. The symbol for triangle is ∆. A triangle can be classified
according to the number of equal sides. Scalene Triangle (no sides equal), Isosceles Triangle (at least two
sides equal) and Equilateral Triangle (all sides equal).
Each angle of an equiangular triangle has a measure of 60°.
The acute angles of a right triangle are complementary (sum is equal to 90°).
The sum of the interior angles of any triangle is equal to 180°.
If a triangle is equilateral, it is also equiangular.
If two angles of a triangle are equal, the sides opposite them are equal or vice versa.
A median of a triangle is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.
An altitude of a triangle is segment from a vertex perpendicular to the line containing the opposite side.
The median from the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle is perpendicular to the base and bisects the vertex
angle.
Pythagorean Theorem states that “In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the
square of the legs.
Polygon is a figure that meets each of the following conditions:
1. It is formed by three or more coplanar segments called sides.
2. Sides that have a common endpoint are noncollinear.
3. Each side intersects exactly two others sides, but only at their endpoints
A diagonal of a polygon is a segment joining any two nonconsecutive vertices of the polygon.
A regular polygon is a polygon with all its sides equal and all its angles equal.
An equiangular polygon is a polygon which has all angles equal.
A convex polygon is a polygon in which all of the diagonals are in the interior of the polygon.
A concave polygon is one with at least one diagonal or part of it not in the interior angle of the polygon.
A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides.
A pentagon is a polygon with five sides.
A hexagon is a polygon with six sides.
A heptagon is a polygon with seven sides.
An octagon is a polygon with eight sides.
A nonagon is a polygon with nine sides.
A decagon is a polygon with ten sides.
A dodecagon is a polygon with twelve sides.
A pentadecagon is a polygon with fifteen sides.
An n-gon is a polygon with n sides, where ‘n’ represents any number of sides.
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral having two pairs of parallel sides.
A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.
A rhombus is a parallelogram with four equal sides.
A square is a rectangle with four equal sides.
A diagonal and the sides of a parallelogram form two congruent triangles.
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal and the adjacent angles are supplementary.
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
A midsegment of a triangle is a line segment that joins the midpoints of two of its sides.
A midsegment of a triangle is parallel to the third side and its length is one-half the length of the third side.
A parallelogram is a rectangle, if and only if, its diagonals are equals.
A parallelogram is a rhombus, if and only if, its diagonals are perpendicular to each other (bisect each
other at right angles).
The median of a trapezoid is parallel to the base and its length is one-half the sum of the lengths of the
two bases.
In an isosceles trapezoid, base angles are equal and the diagonals are equal.
Concurrent lines are three or more lines (rays or segments) that have a common point.
The point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle is called the circumcenter of
the triangle.
The orthocenter of a triangle is the point of intersection of the altitudes of the triangle.
The incenter of a triangle is the point of concurrency of the angle bisectors.
The medians of a triangle are concurrent. The point of concurrence is two-thirds the distance from each
vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.
The point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle is called the centroid of the triangle.
The length of the median to the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the one-half the length of the
hypotenuse.
A circle is the set of all points in a plane that have the same distance from a given point called center.
A segment joining the center to a point on the circle is called radius (plural: radii) of the circle.
A segment joining two points on a circle is called a chord, and a chord passing through the center is a
diameter of the circle.
Circumference is the measure of total distance around a circle. For any circle, if the circumference is divided
by the diameter the result is always equal to 3.1416. This number is given the name pi (pronounce “pie”) and
is symbolized by the Greek letter π.
A tangent to a circle is a line (or a ray or a segment) in the plane of the circle that intersects the circle in
exactly one point. The point of intersection is called the point of tangency.
A secant is a line that lies in the plane of a circle and intersects the circle in two points.
Congruent circles are circles with congruent (or equal) radii.
Concentric circles are circles with common center.
A central angle is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle.
The measure of an arc is the same as the measure of its central angle.
Tangents circles are circles lying on the same plane that are tangents to the same line at the same point.
An inscribed angle is an angle whose vertex is on the circle and whose sides each intersect the circle in one
other point. The arc cut by this angle is called the intercepted arc. The measure of the inscribed angle is
one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Volume is the measurement of the space enclosed by a solid; that is, the space enclosed by a three
dimensional figure.
Total Surface Area is the total area of the curve and flat surfaces of a solid.
Lateral Surface Area is the surface area of a solid, not including area the base or bases.
Cube is a rectangular prism whose edges are equal to each other.
Cylinder is a figure that is shaped like a can. It has two circular bases joined by sides that are perpendicular
to them.
Cone is a figure that is shape like a funnel. It has a circular base and sides that come to a point directly above
or below the center of the base.
Sphere is a figure shape like a ball. The radius of a sphere is the distance from center to any point in a
sphere.
Pyramid is a solid bounded by a plane surfaces, one which, called the bases, is bounded by a polygon, and
the others are bounded by triangles having a common vertex.
Prism is a solid with two equal and parallel faces called bases. The other faces of the prism are
parallelograms.
1 revolution = 360° = 2π radians = 6,400 mils = 400 grade
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS SINE LAW COSINE LAW

opposite hypotenuse a b c a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
sinA = ; cscA = = =
hypotenuse opposite sin A sinB sin C
b 2 = a 2 + c 2 − 2ac cos B
adjacent hypotenuse
cosA = ; secA = c 2 = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos C
hypotenuse adjacent
opposite adjacent
tanA = ; cotA =
adjacent opposite
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
A. Pythagorean Identities E. Double Number Identities
sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1 sin2A = 2sinAcosA

1 + tan 2 A = sec 2 A
1 + cot 2 A = csc 2 A cos2A = cos 2 A − sin 2 A
cos2A = 2cos 2 A − 1
B. Reciprocal Identities
cos2A = 1 − 2sin 2 A
1 1
sinA = ; cscA =
cscA sinA 2tanA
1 1 tan2A =
cosA = ; secA = 1 − tan 2 A
secA cosA
1 1
tanA = ; cotA = cot 2 A − 1
cotA tanA cot2A =
2cotA
C. Quotient Identities
sinA
tanA =
cosA
cosA
cotA =
sinA
D. Functions of the Sum and Difference of Two Angles

F. Half Number Identities
sin(A + B) = sinAcosB − cosAsinB
sin(A − B) = sinAcosB + cosAsinB A 1 + cosA
cos =±
2 2
cos(A + B) = cosAcosB − sinAsinB
cos(A − B) = cosAcosB + sinAsinB A 1 − cosA
sin = ±
2 2

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JCSF ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER MATH 0005 pg.

MATHEMATICS prepared by: ENGR. CHRISTIAN M. PANGANIBAN SET B

TRIGONOMETRY AND SOLID MENSURATION

3. The area of a triangle whose sides are 25 cm, 39 cm and 40 cm is:

Answer: A. 468 cm2

Answer: A. 39°6’48” ; 108°51’54” B

Thus, c = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos A = 6 2 + 9 2 − 2(6)(9) cos 32° = 5.04 cm

or use COSINE LAW to directly get the value of 108.865°

Therefore, 2500 = 4900 − 140W + W 2 + W 2

Answer: B. 10,116.89 ; 57,726.77

Total Surface Area = Area of the base + Lateral Surface Area

Total Surface Area = π r 2 + π r r 2 + h 2 = π(35) 2 + π(35) 35 2 + 45 2 = 10,116.89 cm 2

Answer: C. 864 ; 1728

Answer: A. 173.33 cm2

Note: Area of Semicircle= 1/2 of the Area of a Circle

14. Find the measure of each interior angle of a regular hexagon.

17. Find the number of diagonals in a nonagon.

20. Find the area of a pentagon having a perimeter of 50 inches.

Answer: B. 172 in2

For Area of Any Regular Polygon,

21. Find area of a regular hexagon inscribed in a circle of 1 in radius.

Answer: C. 2.598 in2

Formulas: Area of a Sector, AS

Area of Circular Segment, ACS

A CS = Area of Sector - Area of Triangle θ

Re quired : Linear Distance that the bucket carried the rat, S

Consider now the two hemispherical ends,

Answer: A. 22.84 in C Shortcut Solution:

Note: An Equilateral Triangle is a triangle whose

Let : D = outer diameter

Answer: A. 53.7 cm2

Using the shortcut formula for Area of a Circular Segment,

Answer: C. 4084 ft2

Answer: C. 1.23 in2 r2

Using Cosine Law : 10 cm 115° 15 cm

d1d2 d1d 2 (30 cm)(10 cm)

Answer: C. 17.32 cm Considering the Right Triangle,

46. In problem 45, what is the area of the rhombus in cm2?

12 in Remove the rectangle, then combine the the 2 right triangles :

Consider the Right Triangle,

Answer: B. 1.66 units

Answer: C. 145,586 Using Heron' s Formula,

30°30' Using Cosine Law :

Answer: A. 30 cm By Pythagorean Theorem,

Answer: B. 3.02 ft abc

Answer: A. Php 136,729.80

Given : Cost of Land = Php180 per m2

Same as in Increase or Decrease inVolume,

Answer: D. 33% Given : % increase in Surface area of a sphere = 21%

Answer: B. 0.296 SHORTCUT SOLUTION :

θ = 180° − 61° − (90° + 15°) = 14°

Note: For Problems 76 – 105 use your SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR!!!

76. Simplify: cos2θ (1 +tan2θ)

77. Simplify the expression secθ –secθsin2θ

79. Find the value of sin2θ

80. If tan A = 1/3 and cot B = 4, the tan (A + B) is equal to

81. Evaluate: tan arcsin (-1.732 tan arccot 3)

83. Solve for the value of A if sin2A + 4sinA + 3 = 0

84. Simplify the expression: sec A – sec A sin2 A

85. Solve for x if arctan (x + 1) +arctan(x – 1) = arctan(12)

86. Solve for x if sin 4x = cos (40° + x)

87. Solve for x if tan 3x = 5 tan x