SSUET/HS/103

Quizzes & Assignments File

PAKISTAN STUDIES (HS-103)

Spring 2023

Name: Sayed Naday Abbas Shah

Roll. No:2020F-BSE-262
Section: D
Teacher Name: Dr Arshad Javed

Software Engineering Department

Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology
Main University Road, Karachi 75300
 ASSIGNMENT NO 1
Q: Political and Educational Services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Political Services:

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was firstly a believer of one nation theory and then
he changed to believer of two nation theory. There were two main reasons
that made Sir Syed change his belief.
First reason was in 1867, there was an Urdu - Hindi Controversy in which
group of Banaras Hindu people talked against Urdu. They said that Urdu is
not our language it came from outside and Muslim culture is not part of our
culture. They also said that Hindi should be our national language. Sir Syed
answered them by saying if you are against my language and culture it
means we have two different languages and cultures and that means we
are two nations.
Second reason was in 1885, when there was formed the first ever
organization named “Indian National Congress”. It was formed by British
civil service men. Allen octivione hume addressed them and expressed the
objectives and said in the speech that “This is a Social Organization”. In
1887 Indian National Congress changed itself from a Social Organization to
the very first political party of India. The first president of Indian National
Congress was Sir Tayyab Ji.
Indian National Congress came with 3 objectives:
1. We want to see Indianisation in India.
2. We are the believers of one nation theory.
3. We want western democracy implemented in India.
Sir Syed rejected these 3 slogans and also answered them:
1. Sir Syed said no Indianisation, we have our own cultural and regional
identity.
 2. We believe in two nation theory.
3. We don’t want western democracy; we want minority rights.
Indian National Congress was the party which addressed the Hindus Rights
in India and was not in favor of Muslims. So, in 1906, a political party was
formed to address the Muslim rights named “All India Muslim League”.

Educational Services:

Muslims were not getting the economical, religious and educational rights.
the Muslims emerged as a backward nation; they were illiterate and
hopelessly ignorant in every walk of life. They were deprived of their basic
rights and were neglected in every sphere of life. So, Sir Syed became the
bridge between rule (Muslim Elites) and ruler (British Empire). Sir Syed
made a pamphlet based on names of Muslims. The Muslims were also
called obedient Muhammadans by Sir Syed. Hindus were getting the
Western Education and learning English language introduced by British
Government and on the other hand Muslims were not agreeing to get the
Western education. British started a job program “ICS”. The only people
who were getting the jobs were the Hindus and Muslims were left behind
because they were not able to speak or understand English language and
their lack of education.
Sir Syed emphasized the Muslims to learn English so that they can read
literatures and books based on revolutions like French Revolution. Sir Syed
made first missionary school named “Victoria” in Allahabad after coming
back from London. In 1877 he made a College named “Muhammadan
Anglo Oriental College” which was inspired by Oxford University and that
College was changed to Aligarh University in 1920. Sir Syed’s objective
was to build a college in line with the British education but without
compromising its Islamic values