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Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction

Historically referred to as chronic renal failure (CRF), chronic kidney disease (CKD) it

refers to all levels of diminished kidney function, beginning with at risk to mild, moderate, and

also severe chronic kidney failure. The condition is a global public health problem, with

countries like the United States (U.S.) experiencing a rise in bother incident and prevalence,

accompanied by high cost and poor outcomes. The condition is progressive, which means that

kidney destruction continues from diagnosis to the rest of the lifetime.

Target Population

Michigan is the state in question where the target population is the elderly from both

genders. The elderly in this context are defined as individuals aged at least 65 years. The elderly

population is targeted primarily because as ddd reveals, they have a high prevalence of CKD

owing to a combination of age together with cardiovascular risk factors that increase with aging.

Effective management of the risk factors of CKD among the elderly is thus essential in limiting

progression of the condition.

Overview of CKD

CKD leads to kidney function loss, which leads to waste building up in the body,

culminating to illness. According to Michigan Government (2022), in the past one decade, CKD

rate in the state of Michigan has increased to 30%, which is increasing at a higher rate when

compared to the national average. Across the U.S., more than 26 million individuals have been

diagnosed with CKD with another 20 million considered at an increased risk; where people aged
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from 65 years make 38 percent of these figures. Additionally, it is expected that the incidents of

CKD will continue to grow due to increased prevalence of the conditions risk factors like

diabetes and aging.

Epidemiological and Descriptive Data

Age and other chronic conditions like diabetes are major risk factors for CKD. As

individuals attain 6 years, their bodies begin malfunctioning, increasing the risk of CKD.

Kovesdy (2022) asserts that CDK is highly prevalent in the elderly persons, racial minorities,

women, and individuals experiencing hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, the risk

of death from CKD is projected at 15.6 deaths in every 100,000 of the population. For the

women and racial minorities, the risk of CKD is mostly linked to higher rates of other chronic

illnesses.

Healthy People 2030 and CKD

As it is the case with most other health conditions, Healthy People 2030 is focused on

prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CKD. Individuals with CKD have a high potential of

suffering from stroke and heart disease (OASH, 2023).

Population Level Prevention and Health Promotion

Management of risk factors such as hypertension, high blood pressure, and diabetes is

considered imperative in delaying or preventing CKD (OASH, 2023). There are other additional

health promotion measures for CKD, which include healthy eating; maintaining healthy weight;

limiting alcohol intake; engaging in physical activity; avoid smoking and explore stress-limiting

measures (NIH, 2016).

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Data being tracked

Blood and urine tests are being conducted among the general population, especially the

elderly to ascertain and monitor CKD. According to NIH (2016), the key markers employed in

tracking CKD for interventions comprise abnormal levels of urine albumin as well as a persistent

limitation in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Therefore, chronic kidney disease is a major public health concern that requires increased

intervention measures to prevent its occurrence and manage existing patients. Michigan State has

a high prevalence rate of CKD than the country’s average, which calls for the need of public

awareness about the condition and its preventative measures.

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References

Kovesdy, C. P. (2022). Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney

International Supplements, 12(1), 7-11.

Mallappallil, M., Friedman, E. A., Delano, B. G., McFarlane, S. I., & Salifu, M. O. (2014).

Chronic kidney disease in the elderly: evaluation and management. Clinical Practice

(London, England), 11(5), 525.

Michigan Government. (2022). Topic: Diabetes and Kidney Disease. Retrieved from

https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Folder1/Folder67/20_Kidn

ey.pdf?rev=7e6439be6e164f20b8b5c094be81ceb8#:~:text

NIH. (2016, October 25). Preventing chronic kidney disease. Retrieved from

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/chronic-kidney-disease-

ckd/prevention

OASH. (2023). Search healthy people - Healthy people 2030 | health.gov. Retrieved from

https://health.gov/healthypeople/search?query=the+goal

%2C+overview+and+objectives+for++CKD