Report on Practical Crop Production

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Prof. Maninder Singh Jaskaran kaur

B.Sc.Agri.(Hons.)4th year 8th sem

Agronomy

184507
Introduction:

We the students of B.Sc.Agriculture 4th year course have a subject PCP which
stands for Practical Crop Production. In this students were divided into different
groups and were allotted plots, in which different crops were to be sown and
raised. Field work was done by the students which proved highly beneficial. They
come to know practically that how to raise the crops, how to manage fields and
come to know the problems during production system on ground zero.

We were allotted a field of 5*5 metre, my group members were Naveeninder kaur,
Keshav Menon, Jatinder Singh and Mohit Sharma

Crop: Lentil
Lentil ( Lens esculenta )

Introduction:

 Lentil or masur is one of the oldest crops that originated in Near East and Mediterranean
region.
 The Plant is a small, green annual herb with branched stem.
 It is rarely tall than 40 cm. The pod is flattened and broad about 12 mm long.
 The seeds are lens- shaped, light red, brown, grey and of tan speckled with black.
 Lentil is recognized as one of the most nutritious pulse crops, ranking next to chickpea
(gram) amongst rabi pulses.

Scientific Classification:

Kingdom : Plantae

Order : Fabales

Family : Fabaceae or Leguminaceae

Genus : Lens

Species : esculenta or culinaris

Botanical description:

 Lentil is a hypogeal, which means the cotyledons of the germinating seed stay in the
ground and inside the seed coat. Therefore, it is less vulnerable to frost, wind erosion, or
insect attack.
 The plant is a diploid, annual, semi-erect.
 It has many hair branches and its stem is slender and angular.
 The leaves are alternate, of oblong- linear and obtuse shape and from yellowish green to
dark bluish green in colour.
 The flowers, one to four in number, are small, white, pink, purple, pale purple, or pale
blue in colour.
 The pods are oblong, slightly inflated, and about 1.5 cm long
 Lentils are self- pollinating.
Production:

Lentil Production – 2016

Country Tonnes
Canada 3,233,800
India 1,055,536
Turkey 365,000
United States 255,061
Nepal 253,041
World 6,315,858

In 2016, global production of lentil was 6.3 million tones, led by Canada with 51% and India
with 17% of the world total.

Areas and Production in India:

a)According to acerage: 1st : Madhya pradesh (39.56%)

2nd : UP (34.36%)

3rd : Bihar (12.40%)

b)In terms of Production: 1st : UP (36.65%)

2nd : Madhya Pradesh (28.82%)

3rd : Bihar (18.49%).

The highest yield was recorded in Bihar(1124kg/ha) followed by West Bengal (961kg/ha)and
Jharkhand(956kg/ha).

Nutritive value:

Protein : 24-26%

Fat : 1.3%

Carbohydrate : 57-60%

Fibre : 3.2%

Iron : 7mg/100g
Field Practices:

Soil type:

 The soil should be well drained , loamy soil is best for the cultivation of lentil,
 soils with acidic nature are not suitable.
 Also,soil should be of neutral reaction.
 Field soil: Clayey soil, moderately deep.

Climate :

 Lentil can grow well in cold climate.

 It is hardy crop and
 Can tolerate frost and severe winter to great extent.

Field climate: Average temperature : 15- 25 degree celcius

Land Preparation :

 After harvest of kharif crop, land was ploughed once with soil-turning plough.
 This was followed by cross-harrowing and planking.
 The seed were sown on flat bed.

Size of Plot : 5*5 meter

Seed Rate :

Small- seeded varieties : 30-40 kg per hectare

Bold seeded varieties : 50-60 kg per hectare

For 5*5 meter plot : 100 grams

Sowing : Seed were sown in first fortnight of October. Seeding behind the desi plough.

Day of sowing:10th October,2018

Spacing : Plant to plant distance - 10 cm

Row to row distance – 25 cm

Variety : LL 331

Nutrient Requirement (per hectare):

Nitrogen : 20 kg,

Phosphorus : 40 kg,
Potassium : 20 kg and

Sulpur : 20 kg

For plot size 5*5 meter: N:50gms, P2O5:100gms, K2O:50gms, S:50gms

Application : Top dressing after 45 days of sowing

Water Management :

1st irrigation : 5 days after sowing on 15th October

2nd irrigation : On 25th November

3rd irrigation : At pod filling stage

Weed management : Weedicides like Pendimethalin 30 EC @0.75-1 kg a.i.per ha may be used

as pre-emergence treatment.

1st hand weeding : 40 days after sowing

2nd hand weeding : 90 days after sowing

Harvesting :

 Crop become ready for harvest when leaves begin to fall,

 Stem and pod turn brown in colour,
 seeds are hard and rattle with 15% moisture,
 over ripening may lead to fall of pods as well as shattering and seed cracking if moisture
fall below 10% due to delay in harvesting.

Date of harvest: 25th April 28, 2019

 We harvested it with the help of sickle,

 Afterward it was allowed to dry on floor for 3-4 days,
 Threshing is done manually with hands,
 Seeds are dried under sun,
 Lastly packed in cloth bag.

Yield : 12-15 quintal per hectare

From plot : 4 kg.