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Home  LABORATORY TESTS  Laboratory Tests On Cement | 8 Different Types Of Cement Test | LCETED

Laboratory Tests On Cement | 8 Different Types Of

Cement Test | LCETED

 LCETED  LABORATORY TESTS,

LABORATORY TESTS ON CEMENT

The following tests are conducted on cement in the laboratory (IS: 4031 – PT 1 FOLLOW US ON

to 15, 1989):
1. Fineness Test

2. Consistency Test
3. Setting Time Test
4. Strength Test 
5. Soundness Test
6. Tensile Strength Test  Sub

7. Heat of Hydration Test

8. Chemical Composition Test  F
9. Specific Gravity Test on Cement
 F
Fineness Test
The fineness of cement is responsible for the rate of hydration and rate of
evolution of heat and hence on the rate of gain of strength. The finer the
grains the more is the surface area and the faster the development of
strength.
The fineness of cement can be determined by the following tests:
1. Sieve Test or
2. Air Permeability Test
1. Sieve Test
About 100 g of cement is weighed and sieved using a 90-micron IS sieve. Air-
set lumps are broken and the cement is sieved continuously in a circular and
vertical motion for a period of 15 minutes. A mechanical sieve shaker may
also be used. The residue left on the sieve is weighed. This weight shall not
exceed 10% for ordinary cement. This test is rarely used. Q U A N T I TY- C A L C U L AT O
2. Air Permeability Test
The fineness of cement is represented by the specific surface, which is How To Calculate the Rad

expressed as the total surface area in sq. cm/g. of cement. Blaine’s Air Using Perimeter of Colum

Permeability Test is used to find the specific surface.

How to calculate of perim

circumference of column

The principle is based on the relationship between the rate of flow of air  LCETED  Apr 02, 2023
through a cement bed. The cement bed is of a given porosity comprising the
surface area of the particles. The surface area is more for finer particles.
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Consistency Test
Consistency Test is conducted to find the setting times of cement, viz., initial
GRID CEILING/SUSPENDED

CEILING/DROPPED CEILING

setting time and final setting time. The test is conducted using a standard CALCULATOR | LCETED

consistency test apparatus, viz., Vicat’s apparatus (below figure).  LCETED  Oct 27, 2022

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4/18/23, 4:08 PM Laboratory Tests On Cement | 8 Different Types Of Cement Test | LCETED -lceted LCETED INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL ENGINE…
 LCETED  Sept 17, 2022

Vicat apparatus with various plungers

RECENT POPULAR C

Standard or normal consistency of cement paste is defined as that water Guide to Contrustion Cont

content which will permit a Vicat plunger of 10 mm diameter and 50 mm Management: Types, Cond

length to penetrate depths of 33–35 mm within 3–5 minutes of mixing. The Records to Maintain & Sa

Conditions

test has to be repeated thrice. Each time the cement is mixed with water  LCETED  Apr 17, 2023
varying from 24 to 27% of the weight of cement. It is required that the test be
conducted at a constant temperature of 27 ± 2°C and at a constant humidity Types of Testing and Com

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of 20%.  LCETED  Apr 16, 2023

The test procedure is simple. The paste prepared within 3–5 minutes is filled
into the Vicat mould and shaken to expel air. The standard needle is brought Types of Testing and Com

down to touch the sur- face of the paste and quickly released allowing to sink
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 LCETED  Apr 15, 2023

into the paste by its own weight. The depth of the penetration is noted. Then
that percentage of water that allows the plunger to penetrate only to a depth Testing and Commissioni

of 33–35 mm is known as the percentage of water required to produce a

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Testing and Commissioni

cement paste of standard consistency. Requirement Excel Comp

 LCETED  Apr 15, 2023

Setting Time Tests Types of Testing and Com

An arbitrary division has been made for the setting time of cement as the Electrical Construction W

initial setting time and final setting time. Vicat’s apparatus is used for setting  LCETED  Apr 14, 2023

times also. FOR INTERIOR GENER

WO R K , C I V I L C O N ST R
1. Initial Setting Time C O N T R A C T S S E RV I C E S

About 500 g of the cement sample is taken and water content 0.85 P, where P PROVIDED BY OUR

is the percentage of water required as per the consistency test is added and HOMESLIBRO TEAM.

made into a paste. The paste has to be made within a period of 3–5 minutes
and filled into the mould.
For this test, a needle of 1 mm square size (needle C) is used. The needle is
allowed to penetrate into the paste. The time taken to penetrate 33–35 mm
depth is taken as the initial setting time.
2. Final Setting Time
The needle C is replaced by needle F. The attachment is lowered gently to
cover the surface of the test block. The central needle makes an impression,
whereas the circular cutting edge fails to do so. That is, the paste has attained CLICK TO VISIT

hardness, and the centre needle does not penetrate the paste more than 0.5
mm. Thus, the time at which the needle does not penetrate more than 0.5  TA G S

mm is considered to be the final setting time.

Strength Test
The strength of cement can not be determined directly on cement. Instead,
the strength of cement is indirectly determined on cement-mortar of 1:3, and
the compressive strength of this mortar is the strength of cement at a specific
period.
For this test, 555 g of standard sand and 185 g of cement is mixed with water
quantity P/4 + 3% of the combined weight of the cement and sand mixture. 

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These are mixed thoroughly within 3–4 minutes. The mixed paste is filled in a THINGS CIVIL ENGINEER SHOULD KNO

cube mould of size 7.06 mm, which has a face area of 50 sq cm. The mortar is QUANTITY SURVEY

compacted by a tamping rod or in a vibrator. The moulds have to be kept in a

room with a controlled temperature of 27 ± 2°C and at least 90% humidity. If
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INTER

this facility is not available, the moulds are kept under a wet gunny bag to CONSTRUCTION TIPS

simulate 90% relative humidity. The cubes are removed from the mould after BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

24 hours and kept immersed in clean water till taken out for testing. CHECKLISTS FOR CIVIL ENGINEER

Three cubes are tested for compressive strength after a specific period (viz., 3, QUANTITY-CALCULATOR

7 or 28 days). The period is being reckoned with from the completion of

vibration. The average compressive strength of the three cubes gives the
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

strength of cement at the specific period. CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS ELECTR

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS SURVEYIN

Soundness Test STRUCTURAL DESIGN LABORATORY

The Soundness Test is performed to detect the presence of uncombined lime P LU M B I N G- T I P S FORMULAS

and magnesia in cement. This test is conducted in Le Chatelier’s apparatus

(below figure). It consists of a small brass cylinder of 30 mm diameter, 30 mm
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

height and 0.5 mm thickness, which is split along its generation with the split CIVIL ENGINEER SOFTWARES

not exceeding 0.5 mm. On either side of the split, two indicators with pointed
ends are provided.

Le Chatelier’s apparatus
The cement paste is prepared with water content at consistency. The cylinder
is placed over a glass plate and is filled with cement paste. It is covered with
another glass plate on the top. The whole assembly is immersed in water at
24–35°C for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the gap between the indicators is
measured.
The mould with the specimen is immersed in the water again and boiled for
30 minutes. After boiling for 1 hour, the mould is taken out and cooled. Again
the gap between the indicators is measured after the end of cooling. The
increase in the gap represents the expansion of cement.

Tensile Strength Test

This test is conducted using a cement-mortar briquette in a tensile testing
machine. The dimensions of the briquette are shown below figure.

Standard cement-mortar briquette

A 1:3 cement–sand mortar with a water content of 8% is mixed and moulded
into a briquette in the mould. It is cured for 24 hours at a temperature of 27 ±
2°C and for 24 hours in an atmosphere at 90% relative humidity.
The briquette is tested under direct tension, the pull being applied through
special jaws engaging the wide ends of the briquette. The area of the cross- 

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4/18/23, 4:08 PM Laboratory Tests On Cement | 8 Different Types Of Cement Test | LCETED -lceted LCETED INSTITUTE FOR CIVIL ENGINE…

section at the neck is 1 sq inch (i.e., 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm). The average
your best
strength for six briquettes tested after 3 and 7 days is recorded. hardware

The heat of Hydration Test Ad MAN KIAN H

During the hydration of cement, heat is produced due to chemical reactions.

In a large-scale construction, this heat may raise the temperature of concrete
to a high degree to as high as 50°C. In such cases, low-heat cement has to be
used or cooling methods must be employed.
The test is conducted using a calorimeter adopting the principle of
determining heat gain. Low-heat cement should not generate 65 calories per
gram of cement in 7 days and 75 calories per gram of cement in 28 days.

Chemical Composition Test

Different tests are conducted to determine the quantity of various
constituents of cement. The requirements as stipulated in IS: 269–1998 are as
follows:
1.   Ratio of the percentage of ² 0.66
alumina to that of iron oxide
2.   Lime Saturation Factor ² 0.66 and ³ 1.02
(LSF), i.e., ratio of percentage
to that of alumina, iron oxide
and silica
3.   Total loss on ignition 4%
4.   Total sulphur content 2.75%
5.   Weight of insoluble 1.50%
residue
6.   Weight of magnesia 5%

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3 COMMENTS:

Anonymous
 14 December, 2022

Thank you
Reply

Anonymous
 21 January, 2023

Geart Content
Reply

Shona67
 31 March, 2023

In sub-atomic science where a great deal of synthetic and cell tests are required, pipettes become basic in the
exploration.
pipette calibration
Reply

Enter Comment

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