1. What is the major advantage of the telegraph over earlier methods of communication?

A. Range B. Speed C. Security D. Reliability

2. The spreading out of radio waves is referred to as propagation and is used in which of the following Navy equipment?
A. Detection B. Communication C. Radar and navigation D. Each of the above
3. Radio–frequency waves CANNOT be seen for which of the following reasons?
A. Because radio–frequency energy is low powered
B. Because radio–frequency waves are below the sensitivity range of the human eye
C. Because the human eye detects only magnetic energy
D. Because radio–frequency waves are above the sensitivity range of the human eye
4. Radio waves travel at what speed?
A. Speed of sound C. Speed of the Earth's rotation
B. Speed of light D. Speed of the Earth's orbit around the sun
5. Which of the following types of energy CANNOT be seen, heard, or felt?
A. Radio waves B. Sound waves C. Heat waves D. Light waves
6. A stone dropped into water creates a series of expanding circles on the surface of the water. This is an example of which of the following
types of wave motion?
A. Transverse B. Concentric C. Longitudinal D. Compression
7. A sound wave that moves back and forth in the direction of propagation is an example of which of the following types of wave motion?
A. Composite B. Concentric C. Transverse D. Longitudinal
8. Which of the following terms is used for the vehicle through which a wave travels from point to point?
A. Medium B. Source C. Detector D. Receiver
9. Which of the following is NOT an element necessary to propagate sound?
A. Medium B. Source C. Detector D. Reference
10. If a wave has a velocity of 4,800 feet per second and a wave–length of 5 feet, what is the frequency of the wave?
A. 9.6 Hz B. 96 Hz C. 960 Hz D. 9,600 Hz
11. Which of the following statements about a wave is the law of reflection?
A. The angle of incidence is equal to the refracted wave
B. The angle of incidence is not equal to the refracted wave
C. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
D. The angle of incidence is not equal to the angle of reflection
12. If a wave passes first through a dense medium and then through a less dense medium, which of the following angle of refraction
conditions exists?
A. The angle of refraction is greater than the angle of incidence
B. The angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence
C. The angle of refraction is equal to the angle of incidence
D. The wave will pass through in a straight line
13. The reception of an AM–band radio signal over mountains can be explained by which of the following principles of wave propagation?
A. Reflection B. Refraction C. Diffraction D. Doppler effect
14. What wave propagation principle accounts for the apparent increase infrequency as a train whistle approaches and the apparent
decrease in frequency as it moves away?
A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Diffraction D. Doppler effect
15. Longitudinal wave disturbances that travel through a medium are known as what type of waves?
A. Air B. Sound C. Radio D. Light
16. What are the three audible frequency ranges?
A. Subsonic, sonic, and supersonic C. Infrasonic, subsonic, and ultrasonic
B. Infrasonic, sonic, and ultrasonic D. Infrasonic, subsonic, and supersonic
17. If a bell is placed in a jar and the air in the jar is replaced with a gas of a higher density, what is the effect, if any, on the speed of the
sound when the bell is rung?
A. The sound stops C. The sound travels slower
B. The sound travels faster D. The sound is not affected
18. Varying which of the following wave characteristics will cause the length of sound waves to vary?
A. Phase B. Quality C. Amplitude D. Frequency
19. What are the three basic characteristics of sound?
A. Amplitude, intensity, and quality C. Pitch, intensity, and quality
B. Amplitude, pitch, and tone D. Pitch, frequency, and quality
20. If several musical instruments are playing the same note, you should be able to distinguish one instrument from another because of
which of the following characteristics of sound?
A. Quality B. Overtones C. Frequency D. Intensity
21. Through which of the following mediums will sound travel fastest, at the indicated temperature?
A. Air at 68°F B. Lead at 20°C C. Steel at 32°F D. Steel at 20°C
22. In sound terminology, which of the following terms is the same as a wave reflection?
A. Echo B. Image C. Acoustics D. Refraction
23. Multiple reflections of sound waves are referred to as
A. noise B. acoustics C. interference D. reverberation
24. Two out–of–phase waves of the same frequency that are moving through the same medium are said to present which of the following
types of interference?
 A. Additive B. Constructive C. Both 1 and 2 above D. Subtractive
25. A cavity that vibrates at its own natural frequency and produces a sound that is louder than at other frequencies is demonstrating
which of the following sound characteristics?
A. Noise B. Quality C. Resonance D. Reverberation
26. Energy in the form of light can be produced through which of the following means?
A. Chemical B. Electrical C. Mechanical D. Each of the above
27. The scientist, J. C. Maxwell, developed the theory that small packets of electromagnetic energy called photons produce
A. sound B. noise C. echoes D. light
28. A large volume of light radiating in a given direction is referred to as a
A. ray B. beam C. shaft D. pencil
29. Which of the following units of measurement is/are used to measure very short wavelengths of light?
A. Angstrom B. Millimicron C. Both 1 and 2 above D. Millimeter
30. What are the primary colors of light?
A. Red, blue, and yellow B. Red, blue, and green C. Red, violet, and indigo D. Blue, green, and violet
31. What are the secondary colors of light?
A. Orange, yellow, and blue–green C. Purple, yellow, and black
B. Magenta, yellow, and cyan D. Red, white, and blue
32. What causes sunlight to separate into different wavelengths and display a rainbow of colors when passed through a prism?
A. Refraction B. Reflection C. Dispersion D. Diffraction
33. The sun, gas flames, and electric light filaments are visible because they are
A. opaque B. transparent C. nonluminous D. self–luminous
34. Substances that transmit almost all of the light waves falling upon them possess which of the following properties?
A. Opaqueness B. Transparence C. Translucence D. Self–lumination
35. Some substances are able to transmit light waves but objects cannot be seen through them. Which of the following properties does
this statement describe?
A. Opaqueness B. Transparence C. Translucence D. Self–lumination
36. The speed of light depends on the medium through which light travels. For which of the following reasons does light travel through
empty space faster than through an object such as glass?
A. Space is less dense than glass C. Glass reflects the light back to the source
B. Space is more dense than glass D. Glass refracts the light, causing the light to travel in all directions
37. If a light wave strikes a sheet of glass at a perpendicular angle, what is the effect, if any, on the light wave?
A. The wave is completely absorbed C. The wave is refracted as it passes through the glass
B. The wave is reflected back toward the source D. The wave is unchanged and continues in a straight line
38. The amount of absorption of the light that strikes an object is determined by the object’s
A. color B. purity C. density D. complexity
39. In a comparison of waves of light and sound as they travel from an air into water, how is the speed of (a) light waves and (b) sound
waves affected?
A. (a) Increased (b) increased C. (a) Decreased (b) decreased
B. (a) Increased (b) decreased D. (a) Decreased (b) increased
40. Which of the following waves are NOT a form of electromagnetic energy?
A. Heat waves B. Sound waves C. Light waves D. Radio waves
41. The electromagnetic spectrum represents the entire range of electromagnetic waves arranged in the order of their
A. color B. frequency C. visibility D. application
42. Which of the following portions of the frequency spectrum contains the highest frequency?
A. X–ray B. Radar C. Light D. Cosmic
43. Which of the following electronic devices is used to radiate and/or collect electromagnetic waves?
A. Antenna B. Receiver C. Transmitter D. Transmission line
44. The electric field and magnetic field combine to form which of the following types of waves?
A. Spherical B. Elliptical C. Electromagnetic D. Each of the above
45. The magnetic field radiated from an antenna is produced by what electrical property?
A. Voltage B. Current C. Reactance D. Resistance
46. The electric field radiated from an antenna is produced by what electrical property?
A. Voltage B. Current C. Reactance D. Resistance
47. Applying rf energy to the elements of an antenna results in what phase relationship between voltage and current?
A. Voltage lags current by 90 degrees C. Voltage and current are 180 degrees out of phase
B. Voltage leads current by 90 degrees D. Voltage and current are in phase
48. What field exists close to the conductor of an antenna and carries the current?
A. Electric B. Magnetic C. Induction D. Radiation
49. What field travels through space after being detached from the current–carrying rod of an antenna?
A. Electric B. Magnetic C. Induction D. Radiation
50. Electric and magnetic fields on an antenna reach their maximum intensity at which of the following times?
A. When they are a full cycle apart C. When they are a half–cycle apart
B. When they are three–quarter cycle apart D. When they are a quarter–cycle apart
51. The induction field is made up of which of the following fields?
A. E field only B. H field only C. Both E and H fields D. None of the choice
52. After the radiation field leaves an antenna, what is the relationship between the E and H fields with respect to (a) phase and (b) physical
displacement in space?
A. (a) In phase (b) 90 degrees C. (a) In phase (b) 180 degrees
B. (a) Out of phase (b) 90 degrees D. (a) Out of phase(b) 180 degrees
53. What is the first harmonic of a radio wave that has a fundamental frequency of 2,000kHz?
A. 6,000 kHz B. 2,000 kHz C. 3,000 kHz D. 4,000 kHz\n
54. An increase in the frequency of a radio wave will have what effect, if any, on the velocity of the radio wave?
A. Increase B. Decrease C. None
55. An increase in frequency of a radio wave will have what effect, if any, on the wavelength of the radio wave?
A. Increase B. Decrease C. None
56. What is the frequency, in kiloHertz, of a radio wave that is 40 meters long?
A. 75 B. 750 C. 7,500 D. 75,000
57. The polarity of a radio wave is determined by the orientation of (a) what moving field with respect to (b) what reference?
A. (a) Electric (b) earth C. (a) Magnetic (b) antenna
B. (a) Electric (b) antenna D. (a) Magneti (b) earth
58. Energy radiated from an antenna is considered horizontally polarized under which of the following conditions?
A. If the wavefront is in the horizontal plane C. If the electric field is in the horizontal plane
B. If the magnetic field is in the horizontal plane D. If the induction field is in the horizontal plane
59. The ability of a reflecting surface to reflect a specific radio wave depends on which of the following factors?
A. Striking angle C. Size of the reflecting area
B. Wavelength of the wave D. All of the above
60. The bending of a radio wave because of a change in its velocity through a medium is known as
A. refraction B. reflection C. deflection D. diffraction\n
61. Radio communications can be diffracted to exceptionally long distances through the use of (a) what frequency band at (b) what relative
power level?
A. (a) Very low frequency (b) Low power C. (a) Very low frequency (b) High power
B. (a) Very high frequency (b) Low power D. (a) Very high frequency (b) High power
62. Electrically charged particles that affect the propagation of radio waves are found in what atmospheric layer?
A. Troposphere B. Ionosphere C. Chronosphere D. Stratosphere
63. Radio wave propagation has the least effect because of its constancy on which of the following atmospheric layers?
A. Troposphere B. Ionosphere C. Chronosphere D. Stratosphere
64. Long range, surface–wave communications are best achieved when the signal is transmitted over seawater with (a) what polarization
at (b) what relative frequency?
A. (a) Vertical (b) Low B. (a) Vertical (b) High C. (a) Horizontal (b) High D. (a) Horizontal (b) Low
65. The Navy’s long–range VLF broadcasts are possible because of the advantages of which of the following types of propagation?
A. Diffraction C. Repeated reflection and refraction
B. Ionospheric refraction D. Both 2 and 3 above
66. A space wave (a) is primarily a result of refraction in what atmospheric layer and(b) extends approximately what distance beyond the
horizon?
A. (a) Ionosphere (b) One–tenth farther C. (a) Troposphere (b) One–third farther
B. (a) Ionosphere (b) One–third farther D. (a) Troposphere (b) One–tenth farther
67. The signal of a space wave is sometimes significantly reduced at the receiving site because of which of the following interactions?
A. Space–wave refraction C. Ground–wave diffraction
B. Space–wave reflections D. Ground–wave reflections
68. For long–range communications in the HF band, which of the following types of waves is most satisfactory?
A. Sky wave B. Space wave C. Surface wave D. Reflected ground wave
69. Ionization in the atmosphere is produced chiefly by which of the following types of radiation?
A. Alpha radiation B. Cosmic radiation C. Infrared radiation D. Ultraviolet radiation
70. Ultraviolet waves of higher frequencies produce ionized layers at what relative altitude(s)?
A. Lower B. Higher C. Both A and B above
71. The density of ionized layers is normally greatest during which of the following periods?
A. At night C. Between early morning and late afternoon
B. Before sunrise D. Between afternoon and sunset
72. Compared to the other ionospheric layers at higher altitudes, the ionization density of the D layer is
A. about the same B. relatively low C. relatively high
73. What two layers in the ionosphere recombine and largely disappear at night?
A. D and F B. D and E C. E and F2 D. F1 and F2
74. . For hf–radio communications covering long distances, what is the most important layer of the ionosphere?
A. C B. D C. E D. F
75. Refraction of a sky wave in the ionosphere is influenced by which of the following factors?
A. Ionospheric density B. Frequency of the wave C. Angle of incidence of the wave D. All of the above
76. A 10–MHz wave entering the ionosphere at an angle greater than its critical angle will pass through the ionosphere and be lost in
space unless which of the following actions is taken?
A. The ground wave is canceled C. The frequency of the wave is decreased
B. The frequency of the wave is increased D. The ground wave is reinforced
77. The distance between the transmitter and the nearest point at which refracted waves return to earth is referred to as the
 A. skip distance B. return distance C. reception distance D. ground–wave distance
78. When ground–wave coverage is LESS than the distance between the transmitter and the nearest point at which the refracted waves
return to earth, which of the following reception possibilities should you expect?
A. No sky–wave B. Weak ground wave C. A zone of silence D. Strong ground wave
79. The greatest amount of absorption takes place in the ionosphere under which of the following conditions?
A. When sky wave intensity is the greatest C. When the density of the ionized layer is the greatest
B. When collision of particles is least D. When precipitation is greatest
80. Which of the following layers provide the greatest amount of absorption to the ionospheric wave?
A. D and E B. D and F1 C. E and F1 D. F1 and F2
81. . If the signal strength of an incoming signal is reduced for a prolonged period, what type of fading is most likely involved?
A. Selective B. Multipath C. Absorption D. Polarization
82. Radio waves that arrive at a receiving site along different paths can cause signal fading if these waves have different
A. velocities B. amplitudes C. phase relationships D. modulation percentages
83. The technique of reducing multipath fading by using several receiving antennas at different locations is known as what type of
diversity?
A. Space B. Receiver C. Frequency D. Modulation
84. The amount of rf energy lost because of ground reflections depends on which of the following factors?
A. Angle of incidence B. Ground irregularities C. Frequency of the wave D. Each of the above
85. Receiving sites located near industrial areas can expect to have exceptionally large losses in signal quality as a result of which of the
following propagation situations?
A. Absorption B. Multi-hop refraction C. Natural interference D. Man–made interference
86. Which of the following ionospheric variation causes densities to vary with the axial rotation of the sun?
A. Daily variation B. Seasonal variation C. 27–day sunspot cycle D. 11–year sunspot cycle
87. Which of the following ionospheric variation causes densities to vary with the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun?
A. Daily variation B. Seasonal variation C. 27–day sunspot cycle D. 11–year sunspot cycle
88. What relative range of operating frequencies is required during periods of maximum sunspot activity?
A. Lower B. Medium C. Higher
89. What factor significantly affects the frequency of occurrence of the sporadic–E layer?
A. Seasons B. Latitude C. Weather conditions D. Ionospheric storms
90. . What effect can the sporadic–E layer have on the propagation of sky waves?
A. Causes multipath interference
B. Permits long distance communications at unusually high frequencies
C. Permits short–distance communications in the normal skip zone
D. Each of the above
91. For a radio wave entering the atmosphere of the earth at a given angle, the highest frequency at which refraction will occur is known
by which of the following terms?
A. Usable frequency C. Maximum usable frequency
B. Refraction frequency D. Optimum working frequency
92. The most consistent communications can be expected at which of the following frequencies?
A. Critical frequency C. Maximum working frequency
B. Maximum usable frequency D. Optimum working frequency
93. If the optimum working frequency for a communications link is 4,250 kHz, what is the approximate maximum usable frequency?
A. 4,500 kHz B. 5,000 kHz C. 5,500 kHz D. 6,000 kHz
94. In determining the success of radio transmission, which of the following factors is the LEAST predictable?
A. Antenna capabilities C. Density of ionized layers
B. Weather conditions along the path of communication D. Presence of ionized layers
95. At frequencies above 100 MHz, the greatest attenuation of rf energy from raindrops is caused by which of the following factors?
A. Ducting B. Heat loss C. Scattering D. Absorption
96. Under certain conditions, such as ducting, line-of-sight radio waves often propagate for distances far beyond their normal ranges
because of which of the following factors?
A. Low cloud masses B. Ionospheric storms C. Temperature inversions D. Frequency fluctuations\n
97. When ducting is present in the atmosphere, multi-hop refraction of line–of–sight transmission can occur because of which of the
following factors?
A. Operating frequency of the transmitter C. Angle of incidence of the radio wave
B. Height of the transmitting antenna D. Each of the above
98. A propagation technique used to extend UHF transmission range beyond the horizon uses which of the following propagation
characteristics?
A. Ground reflection B. Ionospheric scatter C. Tropospheric scatter D. Atmospheric refraction
99. Communications by tropospheric scatter can be affected by which of the following conditions?
A. Sunspot activity B. Atmospheric conditions C. Ionospheric disturbances D. All of the above
100. What effect, if any, does the radiation angle of a transmitting antenna have on the reception of communications by tropospheric
scatter?
A. The lower the angle, the weaker the signal C. The lower the angle, the more susceptible the signal is to distortion
B. The lower the angle, the stronger the signal D. None