Site Safety

PART VI
Supervisor
Competency Course

1
 Introduction

 Excavations were done for preparation of

foundation, sewerage and other underground
utilities.

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 Introduction

 Excavation:

- A man-made cut, cavity, trench, or

depression in the earth’s surface formed
by earth removal

- The width is wider that the depth.

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 Introduction

 Trenches:

- A narrow underground excavation.

- Depth is deeper than the width.

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 Introduction

Typical Plant/Machinery

Excavator
Dumper Truck

Backhoe
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 Introduction

 1m 3 of soil is approximately 1.5 tonnes.

 A small fall of earth is capable of causing
serious injury and even worse might result in
fatality.

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 Introduction

Factors Affecting Stability

Rain
Insufficient
Large Load Shoring Vibration

Settlement Cracks High Water

Seepage Table
Broken Pipe Line
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 Typical Hazards

 Collapse of side due to lack of or

inadequate or weak shoring.
 Workers falling into excavation due
to lack of barriers or inadequate
fencing.
 Asphyxiation from exhaust gases
from plant, machinery and other
work process which collected at the
bottom of excavation.

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 Typical Hazards

• Falling of soil placed at

edge of excavation.

• Failure to maintain
shoring/support system.

 Workers working too close

together or to machinery.

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 Typical Hazards

 Falls through the unsafe means of access

and egress.

 Vehicles being driven into the excavation due

to driving errors, inadequate barriers, or due
to absence of stop-blocks.

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 Typical Hazards

• Striking of underground
services such as gas lines,
water mains and electrical
cables.

 Collapse of adjacent structure due to

disturbance to its foundations.

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 General Control Measures

Planning

 Nature and condition of soil – types and failure

mode, and previous use of land.

 Weather condition and ground water level.

 Proximity of adjacent structures and

underground services.

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General Control Measures

Planning

 Size of work and method of excavation.

 Underground services.

 Types of side protection.

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 General Control Measures

Sides Protection

Sloping &
Benching
Shoring

Trench Box
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 General Control Measures

Prior to Commencement
 Conduct HIRARC or JHA.

 Brief workers on hazards and control measures.

 Equipped with necessary tools and PPE.

 Check soil condition – stability.

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 General Control Measures

Prior to Commencement
 Availability and adequacy of support material.

 Machinery and plant in good working condition –

inspected by operators.

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General Control Measures

Prior to Commencement
 Locate and mark underground services.

 Adequately support adjacent structures.

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 General Control Measures

Prior to Commencement
 Machinery and plant are sitting on firm ground or
base.

 Post warning and directional signs at

conspicuous locations.

 Installed and operate deep well for lowering

underground water level.
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 General Control Measures

Prior to Commencement
 Provide water pumps, if needed.

 Install stop blocks for reversing dumping

vehicles.

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 General Control Measures

During Excavation
 Supervise by competent designated person.

 Workers are wearing the necessary PPE.

 Segregate work area and pedestrian route.

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 General Control Measures

During Excavation
 Ensure safe working distance between workers
and machinery.

 Non-operators kept away from machinery.

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 General Control Measures
During Excavation
 Provide safe mean of access and egress –at
every 30m.

 Excavated soil (spoil) deposited at a distance of

610mm from edge of excavation.

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 General Control Measures
During Excavation
 Sides are protected as work progressing.
 Continuously check stability or adjacent
structures.

 Keep water pumps running in watery areas.

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 General Control Measures

During Excavation
 Conduct gas test where appropriate.

 Provide adequate warning lights for work in

dark hours.

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 General Control Measures
Safe Digging Practices
 Consult service provider and get service plan
from them.

 Hand dig trial pits – confirm position of services.

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 General Control Measures

Safe Digging Practices

 Continuously hand dig until all services are
covered.

 Notify superior and service provider for

damaged services, and keep away from it.

 Notify service provider if position of services

differ from service plan.

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 General Control Measures

Upon Completion
 Clear off all debris, spoils, signs – return back
the workplace to normal condition.

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 Discussion

1. What is excavation?

2. Factor to be consider before execute excavation?

3. Type of machinery use for excavation?

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