dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md

af}4 lzIff
sIff M ( / !) ljifo ;ª\s]t M Bus. 501 -sIff (_

Bus. 502 -sIff !)_

kf7\o306f M $ sfo{306f M !@*

!= kl/ro
af}4 bz{gdf k|rlnt y]/jfb / dxfofg tyf j}eflifs, ;f}qflGts, of]ufrf/ / dfWolds h:tf ofg Pjd\ bz{g;Da4
lzIff af}4 lzIff xf] . zfSod'lg a'4åf/f hLjgko{Gt b]zgf ug{'ePsf cd"No wdf]{kb]z tyf lzIffx¿sf d"n l;4fGt
Pjd\ bz{gx¿nufotsf ;d:t af}4 jfª\dox¿ a'4jrg cg'jfb tyf tGUo'/ cyf{t\ zf:q cg'jfbaf6 af}4 bz{g
cg'k|fl0ft ePsf] 5 . o;y{ eujfg\ a'4åf/f pkb]lzt cfud lqlk6s -ljgo lk6s, ;"q lk6s / clewd{ lk6s_ sf]
cWoog cWofkg clwud lqlzIff -zLn, ;dflw / k|1f_ sf] cEof;åf/f a'4Tj k|fKt ug{sf nflu k|of;/t bIf hgzlSt
pTkfbg ug]{] p2]Zosf ;fy sIff ( / !) sf] af}4 bz{gdf cfwfl/t eO{ af}4 lzIff ljifosf] kf7\oj|md ljsf; ul/Psf]
xf] . /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k, @)&^ sf] dfu{bz{gadf]lhd ljBfno lzIffsf] dfWolds tx -sIff ( / !)_ df af}4
lzIff ljifosf] o; kf7\oj|mdaf6 k~rzLn, bzzLnsf] kfngf, lqlk6ssf] >j0f, lqlzIffsf] cEof; ub}{ ;dfhdf zflGt
:yfkgf ug{df dxìjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} o; kf7\oj|mdn] ;DalGwt ljifodf pRr
lzIffsf] cfwf/;d]t tof/ ug]{ ck]Iff 5 .
af}4 lzIffn] d"ntM af}4 bz{gdf cfwfl/t 1fg, l;k / clej[lQsf] ;+/If0f / lj:tf/df dxìjk"0f{ of]ubfg ub}{cfPsf] 5
. o; lzIffn] wfld{s cg'i7fgsf cltl/St dflg;sf] hLjgdf cltcfjZos kg]{ cf}ifwf]krf/ ljlw, vuf]nzf:q, g[To,
lrqsnf / d"lt{snfsf ;fy} cfWoflTds ljsf;df hf]8 lbG5 . o;/L af}4 lzIffn] af}4 wd{df cfwfl/t cg'zf;gnfO{
cIf'00f /fVb} uf]Gkf lzIff, af}4 wd{df cfwfl/t u|Gy/Tg, logsf cg'ofoL / ljåfg\x¿;Da4 ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z u/]sf]
5 . o;} k[i7e"ldnfO{ b[li6ut ub}{ o; kf7\oj|mdn] ljZj zflGtsf dxfgfos eujfg\ a'4sf] ctL{ pkb]z Pjd\ af}4
lzIff k/Dk/fnfO{ cfw'lgs kl/j]zdf cem ;zSt ¿kdf cWoog cWofkg ug]{ sfo{df yk of]ubfg ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5
. ctM af}4 lzIffsf] k|efjsf/L l;sfOsf nflu pSt ljifoIf]q tyf ljifoj:t'sf ;}4flGts tyf k|of]ufTds kIfdf
cfwfl/t eO{ ljBfyL{s]lG›t ;xhLs/0f ljlw tyf k|lj|mofdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;af6 ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eO{ b}lgs
sfo{ Jojxf/, ;sf/fTds ;f]r / cg's/0fLo Jojxf/, zflGt, clx+;f, ;]jf, bfg / ;Tosf nflu vf]hd"ns lg/Gt/
l;sfO, l;sfO / d"Nofª\sgsf] k4ltnfO{ k|of]ufTds tyf Jofjxfl/s agfpg ;xh x'g] p2]Zo /flvPsf] 5 . af}4
lzIff -P]lR5s_ ljifosf] kf7\oj|md ljsf; ubf{ plNnlvt ljifoj:t'sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf;, cEof; / lg/Gt/ l;sfO tyf
d"Nofª\sglarsf] ;Gt'ngnfO{ ljz]if ¿kdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
o; kf7\oj|mddf kf7\oj|md ljsf;sf] ljifout cf}lrTo, kf7\oj|mddf /x]sf d'Vo ljz]iftf tyf kf7\oj|mdsf] :j¿knfO{
;d]6L kl/ro, ljifout ¿kdf ck]lIft 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ, d"No / sfo{ tTk/tfnfO{ ;d]6L To;sf] lj|mofTds :j¿kdf
;Ifdtf, l;sfOsf] :t/ / ;Ifdtfsf] ljlzi6Ls[t lj:t[tLs/0f u/L l;sfO pknlAw, ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw Pjd\
cl3Nnf sIff;Fu nDaLo ;Gt'ngsf cfwf/df ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / j|md, ljifout ljlzi6kg / df}lnstfnfO{ ;d]6L
l;sfO ;xhLs/0fsf ljlw tyf k|lj|mof k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;df lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sgsf ljlw tyf
k|lj|mof;d]t pNn]v u/L ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgnfO{ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 .
@= txut ;Ifdtf
dfWolds tx sIff ( / !) df af}4 lzIff ljifosf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ lgDglnlvt sfo{x¿
ug{ ;Ifd x'g] 5g\ M
 != af}4 lzIffsf] Oltxf; / k/Dk/fsf cfwf/df ljifoj:t'sf] af]w / k|:t'lt
@= zflGt, clx+;f / s?0ffdfkm{t ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLsf] lxtsf nflu lj|mofTds cEof; / o:tf sfo{df
;sf/fTds ;xof]u
#= a'4sf pkb]z tyf af}4 bz{gdf /x]sf ljifoj:t'sf] ;dLIff / ;f/ lgdf{0f
$= dfgjx¿lar eft[Tj / ;lxi0f'tfsf] efjgfsf] cWofTd hfu/0fdf af}4 cg'ofoL / ljåfg\af6 k|]l/t eO{
;lj|mo g]t[Tj k|bfg
%= g]kfnsf] af}4 ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f, k|jw{g / ljsf;df of]ubfg tyf af}4 ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/f ;+/If0f /
hu]gf{df ;xof]u
^= a'4sf pkb]z / af}4 bz{gsf d'Vo d"NodfGotfcg'¿k Jojxf/ k|bz{g
&= JolStut tyf ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu a'4sf pkb]znfO{ Jojxf/df pkof]u
#= sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
sIff (
dfWolds tx sIff ( df af}4 cWoog ljifosf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ lgDglnlvt sfo{x¿ ug{
;Ifd x'g] 5g\ M

l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f

!= af}4 lzIffsf] kl/ro k|:t't ug{ / !=! af}4 lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff / If]q atfpg
zLnsf ;f/nfO{ Jojxf/df
!=@ af}4 lzIffsf] ;f/ k|:t't ug{
pkof]u ug{
!=# af}4 lzIffsf zLnx¿sf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{
!=$ af}4 lzIffsf zLnx¿sf] ;f/j:t'nfO{ k|of]u Nofpg
!=% rl/q lgdf{0fsf] cjwf/0ff / k|efj kfg]{ tìjx¿ JoSt ug{
!=^ c;n rfl/lqs u'0fsf] ljsf; ug{

@= af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/sf kl/ro lbFb} @=! af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro atfpg
k|d'v kIfsf] ;"rL k|:t't ug{
@=@ af}4 wdf{jnDaLn] ug]{ k|d'v ;+:sf/nfO{ ;"rLa4 u/L tflnsfdf k|:t't ug{
@=# z/0f udg, lq/Tg, >4f / zDan;DaGwL b[li6sf]0fsf] kl/ro lbg
@=$ af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/;Da4 k|d'v kIfnfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't ug{
@=% rl/q ljsf;sf cfwf/lznfx¿ pNn]v ug{ / Jojxf/df b]vfpg
@=^ b}lgs ¿kdf k|of]u x'g] af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/;Fu ;DalGwt kIf;Fu kl/lrt
 eO{ ltgsf] cg';/0f ug{

#= af}4 bz{gsf] cWoog u/L #=! af}4 bz{gsf] kl/ro atfpg

:jb[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f / k|:t'lt
#=@ af}4 bz{gsf :j¿k j0f{g ug{
ug{
#=# rf/ ck|0ffåf/f dft{ zf]wgsf af/]df hfgsf/L /fVb} To;tkm{ k|j[Q /xg
#=$ cfo{ cfi6fª\lus dfu{, kl/dt, k"j{ tyf k'gh{Gd clgTo g[To, sd{ / kmn
h:tf af}4 bz{gsf d'Vo d'Vo kIfsf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{
#=% kl7t af}4 bz{gsf] cWoog u/L ;f] ;DaGwdf cfk\mgf] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug{

$= af}4 u|Gysf ;f/ u|x0f u/L b}lgs $=! lqlk6s ;f/sf] af]w tyf ljZn]if0f ug{
sfo{Jojxf/df cjnDag ug{
$=@ rf/tGqsf d'Vo d'Vo ljifoj:t'sf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{
$=# afx' wd{ k|jw{gsf hLjgf]kof]uL kIfsf] klxrfg u/L To;sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug{
$=$ lgwf{l/t af}4 u|Gysf] cWoog u/L ltgaf6 k|fKt x'g] 1fgl;knfO{ cfkm\gf]
hLjgdf cjnDag ug{
$=% kl7t u|Gysf cfwf/df ;xL s'/fsf] klxrfg u/L sfof{Gjog tyf kfngf
ug{
$=^ kl7t u|Gycg';f/ cfkm\gf] b}lgs sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{

%= af}4 cg'ofoLsf] hLjgLaf6 %=! u[xklt >Lu'Kt hLjg ljifos 36gf z[ª\vnfsf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f u/L
;b\lzIff u|x0f u/L ;f]adf]lhd pgsf af/]df u/L cfkm\gf] wf/0ff agfpg
Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{
%=@ dl0fr"8 /fhfsf] hLjgLsf] ;dLIff u/L cg's/0fLo kIfsf] ;"rL agfpg
%=# gG8sf] JolStj[Qaf6 u|x0fLo kIf ;ª\sng u/L tflnsfdf k|:t't ug{
%=$ wfld{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs cfr/0flar ;dGjo ug{
%=% lgwf{l/t af}4 wd{sf s]xL cg'ofoL hLjgLaf6 ;b\Jojxf/ klxrfg u/L
ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{

^= af}4 ljåfg\sf hLjgLaf6 rl/q ^=! cfrfo{ gfuf{h'g hLjgLaf6 c;n sfo{sf] klxrfg u/L Jojxf/df ptfg{
ljsf;sf ljleGg gd'gfx¿
^=@ cfrfo{ cfo{b]j JolStj[Qsf] cWoog u/L lzIff, ;]jf / cg'zf;g;Fu
k|:t't ug{ / ;f]cg';f/
;DalGwt kIfx¿ cjut u/L ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df k|bz{g ug{
Jojxf/df cg';/0f ug{
^=# c;n gful/ssf u'0f Jojxf/df ptfg{
^=$ g}lts bfloTjk|lt ;r]t /xL ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] sfo{ ug{
^=% ;fdflhs cfr/0f / ;f+:s[lts lgodsf] kfngf ug{
 ^=^ c;n JolStTjnfO{ cg';/0f u/L c;n ;fdflhs ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fdf
;xof]u ug{{

sIff !)
dfWolds tx sIff !) df af}4 cWoog ljifosf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyL{x¿ lgDglnlvt sfo{x¿ ug{
;Ifd x'g] 5g\ M

l;sfO pknlAw l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f

!= uf]Gkfsf] ;xof]u lnO{ JolStut, !=! uf]Gkfsf] kl/ro / sfo{ atfpg

;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts
!=@ uf]Gkfsf] k"hf ljlwcg';f/ k"hf ug{
¿kfGt/0fdf ;lj|mo /xg
!=# u'?of]u / wfld{s g[To af/]df atfpg
!=$ uf]Gkfsf dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;f+:s[lts ¿kfGt/0fdf ;xof]u ug{
!=% uf]Gkf cf;kf;sf If]qdf zflGt tyf ;b\efj sfod ;xof]u ug{ / ;a};Fu
ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug{
!=^ ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj ljsf; u/L ;f]cg';f/ sfo{ ug{

@= af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/cg';f/ Jojxf/ @=! d08n ljlwsf] k|d'v ljz]iftf k|:t't ug{
k|bz{g ug{
@=@ af}4 wdf{jnDaLn] ug]{ k|d'v ;+:sf/dWo] ci6dª\un lrx\gsf ljz]if
sfo{sf] ;"rL agfpg
@=# ;t\ 5fo ;+:sf/sf d'Vo d'Vo sfo{nfO{ tflnsfdf k|:t't ug{
@=$ kl7t af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/;Da4 k|d'v kIfcg';f/ Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{
@=% kl7t ;+:sf/sf] ;xof]u lnO{ c;n rl/q lgdf{0fsf nflu ;To, ;bfrf/,
zflGt, k|]d / clx+;f h:tf dfgjLo d"No / dfGotfnfO{ Jojxf/df k|of]u
ug{

#= af}4 bz{gsf lgwf{l/t ljifoj:t'sf] #=! af}4 bz{gsf d'Vo d'Vo ljz]iftf ;d]6L ;"rL agfpg
JofVof Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ug{
#=@ dfgj pTklQ / kfk zf]wgsf af/]df j0f{g ug{
#=# rf/ cfo{ ;To / rf/ af}4 l;4fGtsf] ;dLIff ug{
#=$ z/0f udg Znf]ssf] JofVof ug{
#=% if8\ultsf] b'Mv / dl0f dGq -if8\cIf/_sf af/]df af]w tyf k|:t'lt ug{

$= af}4 u|Gysf ;f/nfO{ Jojxf/df $=! e'Stntf cjbfg u|Gydf ;dfj]z ePsf ljifoj:t'sf] af]w tyf ljZn]if0f
 ptfg{ ug{
$=@ af]wL;Tjsf] cfr/0f u|Gysf d'Vo d'Vo ljifoj:t'sf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{
$=# e'Stntf cjbfg / af]wL;Tjsf] cfr/0f u|Gysf hLjgf]kof]uL kIfsf]
klxrfg u/L To;sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug{
$=$ lgwf{l/t af}4 u|Gysf] cWoog u/L ltgaf6 ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf nflu
cfjZos Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{ / To;nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{
$=% dof{lbt ;fdflhs Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug{
$=^ ;sf/fTds ;f]råf/f :jJoj:yfkg ug]{ pkfo ckgfpg

%= rf/ kl/ifb\, lxgofg / dxfofgsf %=! af}4 cg'ofoLsf ¿kdf rf/ kl/ifb\sf sfdsf] ljZn]if0f ug{
d'Vo d'Vo kIfsf] ;dLIff ug{
%=@ lxgofgsf af/]df cWoog u/L ltgsf] :j¿k / ljz]iftf k|:t't ug{
%=# dxfofgsf d'Vo d'Vo ljz]iftsf] ;"rL lgdf{0f ug{
%=$ dfgjLo ljz]iftfsf ljleGg kIfx¿ klxrfg u/L cfkm"df To:tf ljz]iftf
eP gePsf] kQf nufpg
%=% lgwf{l/t af}4 wd{sf s]xL cg'ofoL hLjgLaf6 ;b\Jojxf/ klxrfg u/L
ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{

^= af}4 ljåfg\sf hLjgLaf6 rl/q ^=! cfrfo{ cf;ª\u hLjg ljifos 36gf z[ª\vnfsf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f ug{
ljsf;sf ljleGg gd'gfx¿
^=@ cfrfo{ j;'aGw' hLjgLaf6 cg's/0fLo kIfx¿ af]w u/L ltgnfO{ Jojxf/df
k|:t't ug{ / ;f]cg';f/
k|bz{g ug{
Jojxf/df cg';/0f ug{
^=# c;n gful/ssf u'0f Jojxf/df ptfg{
^=$ g}lts bfloTjk|lt ;r]t /xL ;f]xLcg'¿ksf] sfo{ ug{
^=% ;fdflhs cfr/0f / ;f+:s[lts lgodsf] kfngf ug{
^=^ c;n JolStTjnfO{ cg';/0f u/L c;n ;fdflhs ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0fdf
;xof]u ug{
$= ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / j|md
sIff (

j|m=;+= PsfO ljifoj:t' sfo{306f k"0ff{ª\s

;}4flGts cfGtl/s ;}4flGts cfGtl/s

! af}4 lzIff !=! af}4 lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff / If]q !^ % !@ $

!=@ af}4 lzIffsf] ;f/
!=# af}4 lzIffsf zLnx¿ / logsf] k|of]u
!=$ rl/q lgdf{0fsf] cjwf/0ff / k|efj kfg]{ tìjx¿
!=% c;n rfl/lqs u'0f

@ af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/ @=! af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/sf] kl/ro !^ % !# $

@=@ af}4 wdf{jnDaLn] kfng ug]{ k|d'v ;+:sf/
@=# z/0f udg, lq/Tg, >4f / zDan;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f
@=$ af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/;Da4 k|d'v kIf
@=% rl/q ljsf;sf cfwf/lznfx¿

# af}4 bz{g #=! af}4 bz{gsf] kl/ro !^ ^ !$ %

#=@ af}4 bz{gsf] :j¿k
#=# rf/ ck|0ffåf/f dft{ zf]wg
#=$ cfo{ cfi6fª\lus dfu{, kl/dt, k"j{ tyf k'gh{Gd clgTo g[To, sd{
/ kmn

$ af}4 u|Gy $=! lqlk6s !^ ^ !@ $

 $=@ rf/tGq
$=# afx' wd{ k|jw{g

% af}4 cg'ofoLsf] hLjgL %=! u[xklt >Lu'Kt !^ % !@ $

%=@ dl0fr"8 /fhf
%=# gG8
%=$ wfld{s Pjd\ ;fdflhs cfr/0fsf] ;dGjo

^ af}4 ljåfg\sf hLjgL ^=! cfrfo{ gfuf{h'g !^ % !@ $

^=@ cfrfo{ cfo{b]j
^=# c;n gful/ssf u'0f
^=$ g}lts bfloTj
^=% ;fdflhs cfr/0f / ;f+:s[lts

hDdf (^ #@ &% @%

s'n hDdf !@* !))

sIff !)

j|m=;+= PsfO ljifoj:t' sfo{306f k"0ff{ª\s

;}4flGts cfGtl/s ;}4flGts cfGtl/s

! uf]Gkf lzIff !=! uf]Gkfsf] kl/ro / sfo{ !^ % !@ $

!=@ uf]Gkfsf] k"hf ljlw
 !=# u'?of]u / wfld{s g[To
!=$ ;fd"lxs sfo{

@ af}4 wd{ / ;+:sf/ @=! d08n ljlw !^ % !# $

@=@ ci6dª\un lrx\g
@=# ;t\ 5fo

# af}4 bz{g #=! af}4 bz{gsf] d'Vo ljz]iftf !^ ^ !$ %

#=@ dfgj pTklQ / kfk zf]wg
#=# rf/ cfo{ ;To / rf/ af}4 l;4fGt
#=$ z/0f udg Znf]s
#=% if8\ultsf] b'Mv / dl0f dGq -if8\cIf/_

$ af}4 u|Gy $=! e'Stntf cjbfg !^ ^ !@ $

$=@ af]wL;Tjsf] cfr/0f
$=# dof{lbt ;fdflhs Jojxf/
$=$ ;sf/fTds ;f]r

% af}4 cg'ofoLsf] hLjgL %=! af}4 cg'ofoLsf ¿kdf rf/ kl/ifb\ !^ % !@ $

%=@ lxgofgsf] :j¿k / ljz]iftf
%=# dxfofgsf] :j¿k / ljz]iftf
%=$ dfgjLo ljz]iftf / ;b\Jojxf/
^ af}4 ljåfg\sf hLjgL ^=! cfrfo{ cf;ª\u !^ % !@ $
^=@ cfrfo{ j;'aGw'
^=# c;n gful/ssf u'0f
^=$ g}lts bfloTj

hDdf (^ #@ &% @%

s'n hDdf !@* !))

%= k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf sfo{
sIff (
ljifoIf]q
af}4 lzIffsf] kl/ro;Fu ;Da4 ljifoIf]qdf
cfwfl/t eO{ ;f]wvf]h, ;fdu|L
cWoognufotsf sfo{ u/L To;sf cfwf/df
k|ltj]bg tof/L / k|:t'lt
z/0f udg, lq/Tg, >b\wf / zDan ;DaGwL
b[li6sf]0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoIf]qdf cfwfl/t
kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] clen]v
sIff !)
sfo{306f ljifoIf]q sfo{306f
% s'g} Ps uf]Gkf jf ljxf/sf] cWoog %
e|d0f u/L lgoldt sfo{, k"hf ljlw,
u'?of]u / wfld{s g[Tosf cj:yf, ;d:of
/ ;'wf/of]Uo kIf ;d]6L k|ltj]bg k|:t'lt
% d08n ljlw, ci6dª\un lrx\g, ;t\ 5fo %
;+:sf/df cfwfl/t k|of]ufTds sfo{

rf/ ck|0ffåf/f dft{ zf]wg, cfo{ cfi6fª\lus ^
dfu{, kl/dt, k"j{ tyf k'gh{Gd clgTo g[To,
sd{ / kmn;Fu ljifoIf]qsf] ;f]wvf]h, ;fdu|L
cWoognufotsf sfo{ u/L To;sf cfwf/df
k|ltj]bg tof/L / k|:t'lt
dfgj pTklQ / kfk zf]wg, rf/ cfo{ ^
;To / rf/ af}4 l;4fGt, z/0f udg
Znf]s, if8\ultsf] b'Mv / dl0f dGq -
if8\cIf/_ ;Da4 ljifoIf]qdf k|jrg

lqlk6s, rf/tGq, afx' wd{ k|jw{gsf af/]df ^ e'Stntf cjbfg / af]wL;Tjsf] ^

cGt/lj|mof / d'Vo d'Vo ljifoj:t' ;d]6L cfr/0fsf af/]df cGt/lj|mof / d'Vo
;dfrf/ jf n]v lgdf{0f d'Vo ljifoj:t' ;d]6L ;dfrf/ jf n]v
lgdf{0f

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cWoog tyf ljB'tLo ;fdu|Lsf] %
pkof]u u/L af}4 cg'ofoLsf] JolStj[Q
lgdf{0f;Da4 n3'kl/of]hgf sfo{
k':tsfno cWoog ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L af}4 %
ljåfg\sf] hLjgL lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs
;~hfndfkm{t k|rf/k|;f/
hDdf
;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cWoog tyf ljB'tLo %
;fdu|Lsf] pkof]u u/L af}4 cg'ofoLsf]
JolStj[Q lgdf{0f;Da4 n3'kl/of]hgf
sfo{
k':tsfno cWoog ljlwsf] pkof]u u/L %
af}4 ljåfg\sf] hLjgL lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs
;~hfndfkm{t k|rf/k|;f/
#@ hDdf #@

^= l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof

uf]Gkf lzIffsf] cfk\mgf] df}lns lzIf0f k|lj|mofcg';f/ ljleGg lzIf0f ljlwsf dfWodaf6 o; ljifosf p2]Zo k|fKt ug{
;lsg] 5 . To:t} afn aflnsfx¿sf] pd]/ ;d"xnfO{ Wofg lbO{ afn s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlw ckgfO{ lzIf0f ug'{ pko'St
x'G5 . ljz]iftM æu/]/ l;sÆ -learing by doing_ sf] l;b\wfGtcg';f/ af}4 lzIff ljifosf lzIf0f l;sfO
lj|mofsnfknfO{ cy{k"0f{, ¿lrs/ / k|efjsf/L agfpg ljifo j:t'sf] k|s[ltcg';f/sf] lzIf0f ljlwsf]] 5gf]6 / k|of]u
ug'{k5{ . lzIf0f ljlwsf] 5gf]6 ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] ¿lr, Ifdtf, :t/, pd]/ cflbnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ljBfyL{nfO{ g} ;xefuL
u/fP/ ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlw k|of]u u/L a9LeGbf a9L 1fg / l;k ljsf; u/fpg'kb{5 . lzIfsn] ;xof]uLsf]
e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L ljBfyL{nfO{ kl/of]hgf sfo{ -project work_ sf ¿kdf wfld{s lj|mofsnfn cg'i7fg u/fpFb}
ljBfyL{sf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutfaf6 l;s]sf] 1fg rL/:yfoL agfpg cfjZos x'G5 .
af}4 lzIffsf] kf7\oj|md ljleGg 5cf]6f If]qnfO{ ;d]6]/ PsLs[t ¿kdf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;df pNn]v ul/Psf ljifo
j:t'x¿sf] cWoogcWofkg u/fpFbf ;a} If]qnfO{ plTts} dxìj lbg'kg]{ x'G5 . ;DalGwt ljifo j:t'sf] PsLs[t ¿kdf
cWoog u/fO{ ljifo j:t'sf] 1fg, l;k / wf/0ffsf] ljsf; u/fpg'kb{5 . ljifoj:t'sf] Jofjxfl/s 1fg lbgsf nflu
uf]Gkfleq jf aflx/ cfcfkm\gf] 6f]n, ;d'bfox¿;Fu ;DaGw /fvL lj|mofsnfkx¿ u/fpg'kb{5 . oL ljifo j:t'nfO{
h:tfsf] t:t} s07 u/fpg] lzIf0f kb\wltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf wfld{s ;d'bfodf vf]h u/L l;s]sf
s'/fx¿nfO{ l;h{gfTds ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|ltefsf] ljsf; ug{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g'kb{5 . of] ljifo cWofkg ubf{ k|of]u ug{
;lsg] s]xL ;Defljt gd'gf ljlwx¿ tn lbOPsf 5g\ M
-s_ k|Zgf]Q/ ljlw -v_ k|bz{g ljlw
-u_ ;d:of ;dfwfg ljlw -3_ cjnf]sg ljlw
-ª_ 5nkmn ljlw -5_ k|of]u -k"hf_ ljlw
-h_ clego ljlw -em_ kl/of]hgf ljlw
-`_ k|jrg÷jfrg ljlw -6_ wfld{s ljlw
h'g;'s} lj|mofsnfk u/fpFbf klg ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t x'g' cfjZos x'G5 . cWofkg ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug'{kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿ cfkm}FnfO{ s'g} s'g} ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ uf¥xf] cK7\of/f] kg{ ;S5 To:tf] cj:yfdf dfq
sdLsdhf]/LnfO{ /fd|/L s]nfO{ nfdf jf u'?åf/f ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ ;dfwfg ul/lbg' plrt x'G5 .
&= ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg
uf]Gkf lzIffsf] cfk\mg} df}lns lzIf0f k|lj|mofcg';f/ ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf 1fg, l;k, Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;lsG5 .
o; ljifodf ljz]if u/]/ o; ljifodf cf}krfl/s lnlvt k/LIffnfO{ eGbf klg ljBfyL{df ck]lIft wfld{s Jojxf/df
;sf/fTds kl/jt{g eP gePsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ cjnf]sgsf] ;d]t k|of]u ug'{kb{5 . ck]lIft p2]Zo xfl;n geP;Dd
lzIf0f l;sfO k|lj|mofdf lg/Gt/tf lbO/xg'kb{5 . lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgsf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{x¿sf] sl7gfO kQf
nufpg] / kQf nflu;s]kl5 ;'wf/sf] sf]l;; hf/L /fVg'kb{5 . ljBfyL{sf l;sfO :t/sf af/]df ;aeGbf a9L u'?nfO{
hfgsf/L x'g] x'Fbf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/ x]/L lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sg u/L cfjZostfcg';f/ ;'wf/fTds
lzIf0f ug'{kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿sf] lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg pgLx¿n] u/]sf] sIffsfo{, wfld{s cg'i7fg sfo{, u[xsfo{, wfld{s
uf]Gkfdf ;xeflutf, Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{g, l;h{gfTds sfo{, xflh/L cflbsf cfwf/df u/]/ clen]v ;d]t /fVg'kb{5 .
ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw ;'lglZrt ug{ lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds b'j} k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kg]{ 5 . ljBfyL{sf]
l;sfO pknlAw ;'wf/sf nflu sIff lzIf0fs} j|mddf sIffsfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{, k|:t'tLs/0f, pknlAw k/LIff h:tf
lj|mofsnfk u/fO{ ;}4flGts tyf k|of]ufTds 1fg tyf l;k xfl;n u/fpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf] k|efjsf/L ¿kdf
sfof{Gjog tyf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO:t/ ;'wf/ ug{ l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfksf] cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf lgdf{0ffTds
d"Nofª\sgnfO{ pkof]u ug'{k5{ . lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] lglZrt ef/nfO{ lg0f{ofTds
d"Nofª\sgdf ;d]t hf]l8g] 5 .
kf7\oj|mdn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf p2]Zocg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k tyf clej[lQ k|fKt ug{ ;s] ;s]gg\ eGg] s'/f kQf
nufpg] dxŒjk"0f{ ;+oGq d"Nofª\sg xf] . ljBfyL{x¿sf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ l;sfO pknlAwx¿nfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;Ifdtf /
l;sfO pknlAwcg'¿k l;sfOsf] ;a} :t/nfO{ ;d]6]/ ug'{kb{5 . cfGtl/s / afx\o d"Nofª\sgdfkm{t o; ljifosf]
d"Nofª\sg x'g] 5 . d"Nofª\sgsf] s'n ef/dWo] @% k|ltzt cfGtl/s / &% k|ltzt afx\o d"Nofª\sg x'g] 5 . o;}
u/L afx\o d"Nofª\sgcGtu{t lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng x'g] 5 . ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgcGtu{t lgdf{0ffTds / lg0f{ofTds
d"Nofª\sg b'j} tl/sfaf6 g} ul/g]5 . o; ljifosf kf7\oj|mddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf txut ;Ifdtfx¿, sIffut l;sfO
pknlAWf / ltgsf ljifoj:t',;f];FUf ;DalGwt l;k, l;sfO ;xeflutf / l;sfO;lj|motfsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{x¿sf]
l;sfOsf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{kb{5 .
-s_ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg
cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf nflu k|To]s ljBfyL{x¿n] u/]sf sfo{ / pgLx¿df cfPsf] Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] clen]v /fvL
;f]sf cfwf/df cª\s k|bfg ug'{kb{5 . ljBfyL{x¿n] l;s] gl;s]sf] kQf nufO{ gl;s]sf] eP sf/0f klxrfg u/L k'gM
l;sfOG5 eg] o:tf] d"Nofª\sg k|lj|mofnfO{ lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg elgG5 . sIff ( / !) sf] af}4 lzIff ljifo
l;sfOsf j|mddf sIffsf]7fdf sIffut lzIf0f l;sfOs} cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf u[xsfo{, sIffsfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{,
;fd'bflos sfo{, ;x÷cltl/St lj|mofsnfk, PsfO k/LIff, dfl;s k/LIff h:tf d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwgx¿sf] k|of]u ug{
;lsg] 5 / d"Nofª\sgsf nflu ljBfyL{sf] clen]v /fVg'k5{ . ;f]sf cfwf/df g} l;sfO cj:yf olsg ul/G5 /
cfjZostfg';f/ pkrf/fTds lzIf0f l;sfO lj|mofsnfk ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . ljz]if l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{sf
nflu ljifo lzIfsn] g} pko'St k|lj|mof ckgfO{ d"Nofª\sg ug'{k5{ . lzIfsn] o; k|sf/sf] d"Nofª\sg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf
u/L ljBfyL{x¿df ck]lIft l;k / Jojxf/ ljsf;df hf]8 lbg'k5{ .
h8La'6L ljifodf sIff ( / !) df s"n efiffdWo] @% ef/ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg x'g] 5 . o;sf] d"Nofª\sg lgDgfg';f/
x'g] 5 M
j|m=;+= If]q cª\sef/
!= sIff ;xeflutf #
@= q}dfl;s k/LIffsf] d"Nofª\sg ^
#= kl/of]hgf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{, k|ltj]bg !^
n]vg tyf k|ltj]bgsf] k|:t'lt
hDdf @%

-v_ afx\o d"Nofª\sg

o; ljifodf sIff !) k|To]sdf s'n ef/dWo] &% k|ltzt ef/ afx\o d"Nofª\sg x'g] 5 . sIff !) df nflu lnOg]
k/LIffsf nflu kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|n] tof/ u/]sf] ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfcg';f/ k|Zgkq lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ 5 . o;
ljifosf] k/LIffdf ljz]if u/]/ 1fg÷af]w, ;d:of ;dfwfg, ;dfnf]rgfTds, l;h{gf;Fu ;DalGwt k|Zgx¿ ;f]lwg] 5g\ .
kf7\oj|mdn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf p2]Zocg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ k|fKt u/] gu/]sf] d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 . ;a}
afx\o k/LIffdf cIf/fª\sg k4ltsf] k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
 ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf, @)&&
af}4 lzIff
lnlvt k/LIff
sIff M !) k"0ff{ª\s M &%
j|m=;+ If]q k|Zgsf k|sf/ 1fg % af]w % Jofjxfl/s l;k % pRr bIftf % hDdf k|Zg hDdf
-clt 5f]6f, 5f]6f nfdf_ cª\s ef/
k|Zg cª\s k|Zg cª\s k|Zg cª\s k|Zg cª\s ef/
;ª\Vof ef/ ;ª\Vof ef/ ;ª\Vof ef/ ;ª\Vof
1 uf]Gkf lzIff clt 5f]6f ! ! ! ! @ @
5f]6f @ % @ !)
nfdf
2 af}4 wd{ / clt 5f]6f
;+:sf/ 5f]6f ! % ! %
nfdf ! * ! *
3 af}4 bz{g clt 5f]6f ! ! ! !
5f]6f ! % ! %
nfdf ! * ! *

af}4 u|Gy clt 5f]6f ! ! ! ! @ @

5f]6f @ % @ !)
nfdf
$
% clt 5f]6f ! ! ! ! @ @
af}4 cg'ofoLsf]
 hLjgL 5f]6f @ % @ !)

nfdf

clt 5f]6f @ @ @ @ $ $

^ af}4 ljåfg\sf 5f]6f

hLjgL nfdf ! * ! *

hDdf % ^ * # @@ &%

b|i6Jo M
!= k|Zgkq lgdf{0f ubf{ 1fg / af]w txsf k|Zg Pp6f ;d"xdf ;dfof]hg u/L plNnlvt If]q / ;ª\Vofdf, k|of]u txsf tf]lsPsf If]qaf6 yk b'O{ k|Zg / pRr bIftfdf tf]lsPsf]
If]qaf6 yk Ps k|Zg ;f]Wg'kg]{ 5 .