Tuesday 22nd March 2022

QCMs questions come from Practice Tests (11)

Reading 1-2 pages and answer QCM

5 writing questions: expected to be written 150words each, 5 lines/5 sentences in a paragraph - in

paragraph. Question number 1 in slide number 4 will appear on the test (you can write it in bullet points)
- Don’t use I LEARN
- example: micro finance influence farmers to do more farming, - At the countryside in Cambodia people
spend 4 hours to get the water in the past few years

How does increasing population affect environment?

FORM: go straight to the point (STRUCTURE NEEDS TO BE ORGANIZED)
LIKE: Human population affect the environment in 3 different ways. First, when you have more people,
they tend to use more resources where they consume a lot of water and resources. Secondly,……….
Thirdly,……….. To sum up, resource consumption, …., ,…. Are the main reasons that increasing population
affect the environment. In my opinion, in order to protect the environment we should control the human
population in order to make time for the earth to develop.

How does agriculture affects the environment?

Agriculture affects the environment in 3 ways. Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly, - supported with examples,
references… and ended up with conclusions + the point on where you stand.
NOTES FOR EXAMS!
Practice Tests

Chapter 1: Introduction to Environmental Science

Practice Test 1
0. When did the modern environmental movement range? – the 1970s
1. The hole in the ozone layer was first observed in which decade? – the 1980s
2. Which cycle causes acid rain? - Sulfur Cycle
3. Which of these situations would improve worldwide environmental quality? - Reduction
of the human population.
4. Why does burning fossil fuels add to the carbon in the atmosphere? - Stored carbon is
added to the atmosphere from underground stores
5. Currently, our highest renewable energy source is from - Biomass
6. Which energy sources are not derived from the sun? - Geothermal
7. Which of these energy sources are non-renewable - Uranium
8. Which worldview says nature exists to meet our needs? - Planetary Management
9. Which factor has the largest impact on environmental degradation? - Human population
growth

Practice Test 2
10. Death of a species - Extinction
11. Biodiversity - Variation among organisms
• The number of species that exist
• Genetic diversity
• Variation in morphology, behavior, and ecology
12. Biological diversity is decreasing at an unprecedented rate - True
13. Biodiversity crisis is occurring at a much faster rate than speciation, other mass
extinctions and can be linked to humans - True
14. Endangered species have what in common? - Answer:
• Small range
• Requiring a large territory
• Living on islands
• Having low reproductive success on average
• Needing specialized breeding areas
• Specialized feeding habitats
15. How do humans contribute to biodiversity loss? - Answer:
• Destruction of habitats
• Pollution
• Introduction of invasive species
• Overexploitation
16. What is Deforestation? - A temporary or permanent clearing of large expanses of forest
for agriculture and other issues.
17. What is the most serious problem facing world's forest? - Deforestation
18. How many forests are shrinking per year? - 22,200,000 arcs per year.
19. What is soil erosion? - Answer:
• Increased sedimentation in downstream aquatic ecosystems.
• Major problem for reefs
20. What are other aspects of soil erosion? - Answer:
 • Mudflow harms humans
• Loss of soil fertility
• Loss of species
• Harder for watershed to hold water
• More flooding
21. What is subsistence agriculture? - Answer:
• Where a family produces food to feed itself
• 60% of tropical rainforest deforestation is for subsistence farming
22. What is Timber production? - Answers:
• Clear cut logging of certain boreal forests (Alaska, Canada, Russia)
• Primary source of industrial wood, wood fiber
23. Where are 4 main reasons why we see deforestation? - Answers:
• Subsistence agriculture
• Timber production
• To provide open rangeland for cattle
• To supply fuel wood
24. Climate change suggests what? - The data we have strongly suggests on average that the
earth is becoming warmer.
25. Most scientist think that warming will be more pronounces in 2nd half of the 21st century
- True
26. Evidence that greenhouse gasses cause climate change are what? - Answer:
• Carbon molecules that come from fossil fuels and deforestation is light than the
combined signal of those from other sources
• Scientists measure the weight of carbon in the atmosphere over time
• Clear increase in the light molecules from fossil fuel and deforestation sources
that correspond closele to the known trend in emissions.
27. Other evidence about green house gases? - Answer:
• When climate models include only recorded natural climate drivers, such as the
sun's intensity, models cannot reproduce the observed warming of the past half-
century
• When human-included climate drivers are also included, they accurately capture
recent temp. increases in the atmosphere and in the oceans.
28. What are some effects on biological systems? - Answers:
• Floods in low-lying coastal areas = erosion and habitat loss
• More erratic weather
• Changes to the range of species
• Effect on human disease (malaria)
• Problems for agriculture
29. What problems are happening to stratospheric ozone? - Answers:
• Stratosphere shields earth from UV radiation
• slight thinning over Antarctica is normal for a few months every year
• In 1985, scientists notices greater thinning than usual
• thinning continued and by 2000 ozone-thinned areas was the size of North
America
30. What are the primary chemicals responsible for ozone loss? - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
31. What is Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Answer:
• Propellant in aerosols
• Coolants in air conditioners and refrigerators
 • Insulation
• Solvents
32. Ozone depletion does what? - Harms organisms
33. Excessive UV radiation is linked to what? - Answers:
• cancer
• cataracts
• weakened immune system
• increased DNA mutations in some animals
• reduced photosynthesis in some algae
• possible damage to crops
34. How are international cooperation is helping repair ozone layer? - Answers:
• Montreal protocol in 1987: %0% reduction in the CFCs by 1988
• Human-induced ozone thinning has been greatly reduced, but still a problem.
Chapter 2: Human Population, Urbanization and Environment
Practice Test 1:
35. In the early 1800s population growth was limited because - High mortality rates due to
infectious diseases.
36. In the movie "The Constant Gardener", what secret project was Tessa working on? - Trying
to expose pharmaceutical companies for altering the results of their drug trials.
37. What major advancements helped human overcome disease? - All of the above (Vaccines,
Antibiotics, Sewage Treatments)
38. What is the study of human population called? - Demography
39. The US is currently the ___ most populous nation in the world. - 3rd
40. In which developing nation did the majority of the film the 'Constant Gardener" take
place? - Kenya
41. A high standard of living associated with ___? - All of the above (High consumption, Use
of technology, Sewage treatment)
42. What factor limit population growth? - All of the above (Land for food production, Forest
products, Energy)
43. What formula is useful when determining a nation's impact on planet earth? - I = PAT
44. Canada, Western Europe and Japan are all examples of ____? - High income,
industrialized nations.
45. Nations with the largest population use the most resources - False
46. Which of the following are characteristics of developing nations? - Income of less than $1
a day.
47. The first phase in the demographic transition is known as the ____ stage? - Primitive
stability
48. Which continent has the highest fertility rates? - Africa
49. Which demographic transition is characterized by declining fertility rates? - III
50. Developed nations have reached which phase in the demographic transition - Modern
Stability
51. What is the estimate of the amount of land and ocean required to provide resources and
absorb wastes called? - Ecological footprint.
52. Which statement describes the "Baby boomers" in the US? - Reaching treatment age and
will be drawing social security.
53. India's population is projected to surpass that of China in the near future? - True
54. What is characteristic that is indicative of a developed nation? - Both A and B
• The transfer of waste to distant locations
• Ozone depletion and excessive wastes.
0. What is a major problem when people migrate to cities? - All of the above (Not enough
jobs and housing, Increase in illicit activities, Increase in disease outbreaks)
1. What was the average life expectancy of someone that lived during the year 1927? - 39
years
2. The diagram to the left best illustrates the population profile of ____? - Kenya ( HAVE A
GRAPH)
3. What percent of the poor in developing nations practice subsistence farming? - 75%
4. The majority of the developed nations are located? - In the northern hemisphere.
5. If the total fertility rate of a nation is less that 2.0 the population is - Decreasing.
6. What factors are important to consider when estimating the carrying capacity of the
earth? - Affluence, population and technology use.
7. What disease decimated Europe in the 1300s? - Plague
 8. In what year did the earth's human population reach 1 billion? - 1804
9. In the movie "The Constant Gardener", what was Tessa's relationship with Dr. Blume? -
They were friends working together.

Practice Test 2:
1. Demography - study of human population
2. Fertility - incidence of child-bearing in a country's population
3. Crude birth rate - # of live births of given year - - - - - - x 1000mid year populations
4. Mortality - incidence of death in society's population
5. Crude death rate - # of deaths of given yr- - - - - - x 1000mid year populations
6. sex ratio - # of males : 100 females in nation's population
7. Age sex pyramid - graphic representation of age & sex of population
8. Demographic transition theory - notestein's thesis that population patterns reflect a
society's level of technological development
9. Zero population growth - level of reproduction that maintains population in a steady
state
10. urbanization - concentration of population in cities
11. metropolis - large city dominating surrounding area socially & economically
12. suburbs - urban areas beyond political boundaries of city
13. megalopolis - vast region containing # of cities & surrounding suburbs
14. Gemeinschaft - rural area - social organization where people are closely related by
kinship & tradition
15. Gesellschaft - urban area - social organization where people are closely related by
individual self interest
16. urban ecology - study of link between physical & social dimensions of cities
17. ecology - study of interaction of living organisms & natural environment
18. natural environment - Earth's surface & atmosphere, including living organisms, air,
water, soil & resource for life
19. ecosystem - system composed of interaction of all living organisms & natural
environment
20. environmental deficit - long term harm to environmental nature due
to short term affluence
21. rain forests - regions of dense forestation,
22. global warming - atmospheric warming b/c of CO2 in atmosphere
23. environmental racism - pattern which environmental hazards are greatest for poor
people (minorities)
24. ecologically sustainable culture - way of life meets need for present generation without
threatening environmental legacy of future generations
25. fecundity - potential childbearing for women
26. morbidity - frequency of illness in a given population
27. general fertility rate - # of live births @ given year- - - - - - - x 1000mid year pop of women
15-49 inclusively
28. kwashiorkor - protein deficiency (swollen bellies)
29. marasmus - calorie deficiency (body consumes fat & muscles)
30. rickets - calcium deficiency (stooped bones b/c of gravity)
31. anaemia - iron deficiency (fatigue)

Practice Test 3
1. carrying capacity - the number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or
held by a vehicle or container.
2. census - an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of
individuals. "population estimates extrapolated from the 1981 census" .
3. dependency ratio - The dependency ratio is a measure showing the number of dependent.
4. Gender - the state of being male or female
5. Gross domestic product - is an inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of all
goods and services produced by an economy in a given year.
6. Infant mortality - he death of children under the age of one year.
7. life expectancy - he average period that a person may expect to live.
8. literacy rate - percentage of people who are able to read and write vs those who are not.
9. Megalopolis - a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex.
10. Birth Rate - number of birth in a year
11. death rate - number of deaths in a year.
12. Natural Increase/Growth Rate - number between death and births
13. Migration - when people leave from their original home.
14. Immigration - when people form different states come to another state's.
15. Emigration - leaving one country to settle somewhere else
16. Demographic Transition - transition from higher births and lower deaths.
17. Doubling Time - time to double size or value
18. Population - how many people in one place
19. Population Distribution - where people live
20. Population Density - standing stocks and crops
21. Rural - relating characteristics in states
22. Urban - characteristics in cities
23. Suburban - characteristics in suburbs
24. Urbanization - turning into a cite
25. Industrialization - getting use to it
26. developed - advanced or elaborated to a specified degree.
27. Economy - the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the
production and consumption of goods and services.
28. developing - grow or cause to grow and become more mature.
Chapter 3: Agriculture
Practice Test 1:
1. Which crop makes these fields yellow? - Rapeseed (picture)
2. What kind of plantation is that (picture)? - Tobacco
3. What kind of plantation is that (picture)? - Asparagus
4. Term "lop" referring to rabbits is about theirs: Hanging ears
5. In order to protect seeds of the edible plants, the Global seed vault has been built. Where
is it located? - Spitsbergen Permafrost.
6. Which plant is hazardous to harvest when it is wet? - Tobacco
7. What breed of chicken has such an impressive long tail? - Phoenix
8. What is the name of this whole grain (picture)? - Wheat
9. Which year is known as the Year Without a Summer? - 1816
10. What is the name of movable chicken coop lacking a floor? - Chicken tractor

Practice Test 2:
1. A practice in agriculture whereby soil is plow for planting or for nutrient incorporation or
for pest control is? - Tillage
2. In the middle ages, agriculture was transformed with improved techniques and the
diffusion of crops plants, including the introduction of sugar, rice, cotton, and fruit trees,
which race was responsible for this? - Islamic word and Europe
3. The moving of herds of livestock from one place to another in search of pasture, fodder,
and water can be referred to as? - Pastoralism
4. The usage of the small area of a forest which is cleared by cutting down all the trees and
burning the area, such land is used for growing crop for several years, this is referred to
as? - Shifting cultivation
5. When the soil becomes less fertile, its abandoned and another patch is selected and the
process is repeated, this type of farming is practiced mainly where there is? - Excessive
rainfall.
6. A practice whereby farm produce are cultivated for family and local needs with the
leftover transported elsewhere are called? - Subsistence farming
7. A situation whereby crops are cultivated for commercial purposes such as selling, the
farmer motive is to make a profit, what type of farming is this? - Intensive
8. Cropping systems vary among depending on the available resources and constraints,
geography and climate of the farm government policy and? - All of the above (Social
Pressures, Political Pressure, Philosophy and farmer culture)
9. A system whereby forests are burnt, releasing nutrients to support the cultivation of
annual and then perennial crops for a period of several years is? - Slash and burn
10. Animal husbandry does not only refers to the breeding and raising or animals for meat or
to harvest animal products on a continual basis, but? - All of the above (To breed, Care of
species, Work and companionship)
Chapter 4: Water Resources
Practice Test 1
1. How much water does the average American directly use at home (indoor and outdoor)
every day? 100 gallons
2. How much of the earth's water is fresh? - 2.5%
3. What accounts for the vast majority of world water use? - Farming and ranching
4. Of potatoes, rice, poultry, and beef, which uses the most water to provide 500 cal.? - Beef
5. A hundred million years ago, the planet had? - The same amount of water it has now.
6. How much water does it take to produce a pair of blue jeans? - 2900 gallons (4,160L)
7. What country in 2008 became the first to grant nature (such as rivers and forests)
inalienable rights in its constitution? - Ecuador.
8. What country has nearly half of the world’s large dams? - China
9. Are freshwater animals disappearing at a faster or slower rate than land and sea animals?
- Faster
10. Which contains more freshwater? - Clouds of water and vapor

Practice Test 2
1. What percent of the Earth is freshwater? - 3%
2. Of the 3% of the Earth's freshwater, how much is surface water and available for human
use? - .03%
3. What problem with water is there as the population grows? - uneven distribution of water
4. When it precipitates, water will either... - 1. run off to become surface water 2. infiltrate
into the ground and become groundwater 3. evapotranspiration
5. What is the difference between a confined and an unconfined aquifer? - An unconfined
aquifer has a surface pressure equal to that of the atmosphere and will fill up with water
when it rains. A confined aquifer is trapped by layers of impermeable rock that can build
up additional pressure to the point where it can exceed ground elevation pressure and
pump water like a spring.
6. Where does the confined aquifer receive its water from? - The recharge area
7. What is the water table? - The boundary between the saturated zone and the unsaturated
zone.
8. Does the water table move up and down? - Yes depending on how much water was
withdrawn or put into the ground.
9. What are our 3 problems with water usage? - 1. We currently use more than 1/2 of the
world's reliable runoff of surface water 2. About 70% of the water we withdraw from
rivers, lakes, and aquifers is not returned to these sources (which ultimately depletes
water from this original area) 3. Irrigation is the biggest user of water (then industries and
cities/residences)
10. What are the 2 types of aquatic biomes? - Saltwater and Freshwater
11. What are the 2 types of freshwater? - Flowing (Iiotic) and Standing (stentic)
12. What is an ecosystem service? - It is something that we get from the ecosystem that is
valuable.
13. What are the 2 types of ecosystem services? - Economic and Ecological services
14. What are the 7 ecological services in freshwater systems? - 1. climate moderation 2.
nutrient cycling by animals 3. waste treatment 4.flood control 5. groundwater recharge
6. habitats for species 7. genetic resources and biodiversity
15. What are the 7 economic services in freshwater systems? - 1. food 2. drinking water 3.
irrigation water 4. hydroelectricity 5. transportation corridors 6. recreation 7.
employment
16. Lakes are classified according to their... - nutrient content and primary productivity
17. What are the 2 types of lakes? - Oligotrophic and Eutrophic
18. What are the characteristics of an oligotrophic lake? - newly formed poorly nourished
little sediment deep waters clear waters low net primary prod has trout, bass, etc
19. What are the characteristics of a eutrophic lake? - excess supply of nutrients shallow
murky high net primary prod lots of plants and fish
20. True or False: All lakes eventually become eutrophic. - True, but humans quicken the
process (cultural eutrophication)
21. True or False: Plant nutrients cannot affect the type of organisms and numbers it can
support. - False
22. What is eutrophication? - an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter in an
ecosystem that can deplete the oxygen supply (natural = excess plant nutrients; cultural
= quickening of the natural process by human activities such as little in sewage)
23. What is a watershed/drainage basin? - the region draining into a river, river system, or
other body of water
24. What direction do rivers and streams in? - downhill
25. What are the 3 zones of down-hill flow? - 1. source zone - narrow headwaters with cold,
rapid, clear waters and a high DO 2. transition zone - wider, deeper, slower, and warmer
waters with a low DO 3. floodplain zone - stream joins into muddy river waters with a
lower DO
26. What is DO? - Dissolved Oxygen
27. What is the relationship between DO and water temperature? - There is a higher
concentration of DO in colder temperatures.
28. What is the natural pH of water? Why? - 6.5 because of carbon dioxide that dissolves well
in water
29. What forms carbonic acid? - water and carbon dioxide
30. True or False: Gas solubles in liquids increase with an increase in temperature. - False; it
decreases with an increase in temperature
31. What is the biggest use of freshwater? - Agriculture (irrigation)
32. What are the advantages of withdrawing groundwater? - useful for drinking and irrigation
found everywhere available year-round renewable unless overpumped or contaminated
no evaporation losses cheaper to extract
33. What are the disadvantages to withdrawing groundwater? - aquifer depletion from
overpumping sinking of land (subsidence) from overpumping polluted aquifers can last
for centuries there could be saltwater infusion from overpumping reduced water flows
into surface waters
34. What is the result of depleted aquifers? - dry streams and lakes because a lot of our
groundwater supplies water for them (if an unconfined aquifer reaches the surface, it
forms into a lake)
35. What is Ogallala? - the largest aquifer in the world
36. Where are areas of greatest aquifer depletion from groundwater in the US? - GA, FL, and
many western states
37. What is saltwater intrusion? - When an area of underground water mixes with saltwater
when the groundwater gets overpumped, causing the water to move further away and
 the seawater to move closer in. The seawater will soon then come so close that it will
inflitrate the water in a well.
38. What is a sinkhole? - Depressions in the ground that form when the roof of an
underground cavern collapses after being drained of groundwater. They usually only form
in very porous limestone that allows water to be held, so when the water is overpumped
or it dissolves the limestone, there will be no more hydrostatic pressure and the limestone
will collapse. Leaking water pipes can also lead to sinkholes because it washes away
durable rocks that hold up the water.
39. What are ways to prevent groundwater depletion? - waste less water subsidize water
conservation ban the use of wells near surface water ban and retire groundwater
withdrawal rights do not grow water intensive crops
40. What are ways to control groundwater depletion? - raise price of water tax water pumped
from wells set and enforce min. stream flow levels
41. What are 5 ways to increase water supply and which is the best way? - 1. build more dams
and reservoirs 2. transport water in from other areas 3. desalinate 4. reduce water
use/increase water efficiency (BEST WAY) 5. import food to help reduce the use of local
irrigation water for farming
42. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using dams and reservoirs? - Advantages:
-stores water for human use -recreation Disadvantages: -slows downstream flow -
disrupts reproductive cycle of many fish -hold back sediment that need to go downstream
to replenish marsh areas that will sink if otherwise and fertilize some areas -reservoirs
have a large surface area which means faster evaporation rates
43. True or False: Transferring water from one plant to another can make an unproductive
area more productive but can cause environmental harm. - True; it encourages
unsustainable use of water in areas water is not naturally supplied.
44. What is the biggest waste of water? - Water loss due to evaporation and leaks
45. What is desalination? - the removal of salt (especially from sea water) to make it suitable
for drinking
46. What are the 2 ways to desalinate? - 1. distillation 2. reverse osmosis
47. Why is desalination not the primary method for more water? - It is very expensive and
there is the issue with waste water. You can't dump it into the ocean,refine it into salt, or
contaminate the groundwater with it. (There are plants but that costs a lot of energy and
money)
48. Desalination is only a good solution for those countries that... - are wealthy island nations
49. What are ways to reduce water usage/increase water efficiency? - use recycled water
(grey water) fix leaky pipes replace things with water saving things xeriscaping
50. What are the 3 irrigation techniques? - 1. gravity flow (water flowing downhill) 2. drip
irrigation (water being delivered to individual plant roots by tubes) 3. central pivot (water
pumped from mobile sprinklers)
51. How have humans contributed to local flooding? - removing areas that absorb water rapid
population growth deforestation overgrazing unsustainable farming on steep hills
cleaning coastal mangrove forest
52. Difference between consumptive use of water and nonconsumptive? - Consumptive - use
of water that is not returned to its original area Nonconsumptive - use of water that is not
removed or only temporarily removed In the east of the US
53. What is most water used for? - energy production, cooling , manufacturing
54. What are the serious problems with water usage in the east? - flooding, urban shortages,
pollution
55. What are the uses for water in the west? Problems? - irrigation (droughts and
evaporation)
56. What are water hot spots and where are they? - They are areas in the US where there is
competition for scarce water (mostly in the west)
57. True or False: A lot of the world's population live in river basins that do not have enough
freshwater. - True
58. What are main factors causing water scarcity? - dry climate and droughts
59. True or False: Farmers are losing access to water against cities. - True
60. True or False: Aquifer depletion is invisible until it is too overpumped or depleted. - True
61. What has accelerated overpumping? - Widespread drilling of inexpensive tubewells
62. What is reverse osmosis also called? - Microfiltration
63. What is the main cause of water waste besides evaporation and leaky pipes? - We pay
too little for it
64. How can we mimic the way nature deals with waste and save water? - Use the sludge
from sewage treatment plants as fertilizers.
65. What naturally causes flooding? - Heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, removal of vegetation
and destruction of wetlands
66. True or False: A lot of people live in floodplains. - True.
67. What can reduce flooding? - straightening and deepening streams (channelization but it
limits habitats) levees or floodwalls (but damages downstream) dams
Chapter 4: Air Pollution
Practice Test 1
1. What are the 2 main causes of air pollution? - Man made and Natural
2. List 2 pollutants which results in man made air pollution. - Carbon monoxides and
nitrogen oxide
3. What are the causes of man made air pollution and natural air pollution respectively? -
Waste incinerators and forest fires
4. List three effects of air pollutions on human health? - Pulmonary, cardiac and vascular
5. List 3 effects of air pollutions that harms the environment. - Destroy tree eco system, acid
rain destroy the habitats and climate changes
6. What are the causes of air pollution in Bangkok? - City's rapid development and growing
number of vehicles
7. What measurements does the government in Bangkok take to prevent air pollution? -
Featured a subway line and an above ground sky train in 2004 and improve fuel quality
8. What are the causes of air pollution in London? - People are burning more coal and an
anticyclone blew all the smog.
9. What measurements does the government in London take to prevent smog? -
Government decreed that emission of black smoke is illegal and residents and factories
operators had to switch to smokeless fuels
10. What contributed to acid rain in Japan? - Coal burning and emission of harmful chemical
by factories.
11. What can be classified as PRIMARY pollutants? - Sulfur dioxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen
fluoride
12. How can air pollution harm the environment? - Climate change, Ozone Layer gets
damaged, Habitats get destroyed
13. What can you do to reduce air pollution? - All of the above (Take more public transport,
Use low Sulphur content fuel, Recycling)
14. What is an example of natural air pollution? - Volcanic eruption

Practice Test 2
1. Which of the following practices would act to reduce vehicular exhaust in urban areas?
I. Establish "No Idling" zones
II. Require Enhanced Auto Inspections
III. Retrofit gasoline pumps with sleeves to collect VOC's
Answer - I, II, and III
2. Large urban areas that have problems associated with high levels of particulate pollution
also have
I. Respiratory disease high above the national average
II. Limited visibility - Haze
III. Decreased water quality
Answer - I and II only
3. Early air pollution legislation in the United States sought to control all of the following
EXCEPT - CO2 emissions
4. The members of a municipality involved in the air pollution issues of the urban area are
i. The local government
ii. The public
iii. The local industries
Answer: I, II, and III
5. Which of the following correctly lists the 6 "criteria" air pollutants as specified under the
Clean Air Act? - Pb, SO2, NOX, CO, PM, and tropospheric O3
6. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding CO? - It is a product of respiration
7. Which of the following is an anthropogenic source of nitrogen oxides? - Motor vehicles
8. Which of the following pollutants would most adversely affect respiratory tracts? - PM2.5
9. The smog that frequently exists in major metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, CA is
known as brown smog and consists primarily of what component? - Ozone
10. The air pollutant that is a metal and is released primarily from the combustion of coal is -
Mercury
11. Gasoline is a VOC. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gasoline that makes it
a "VOC"? - gasoline is a hazardous compound
12. A thermal inversion, which can lead to serious pollution events, occurs when - cool air
stays close to the surface and is blanketed by a layer of warm air that traps pollutants
13. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with acid deposition? - negative
effects on human skin with contact
14. The class of anthropogenic compounds responsible for the breakdown of stratospheric
ozone are known as - CFCs
15. Which of the following is correct with regard to the effects of CFCs on ozone production?
- UV radiation frees a chlorine atom, which breaks down ozone.
16. Problems associated with the thinning ozone layer include all of the following EXCEPT -
Increased incidences of asthma
17. The agreement that allowed for a reduction, and eventual elimination, of CFC production
and use is - The Montreal Protocol
18. Which of the following does NOT hold true regarding indoor air pollution? - Indoor air
pollution is only a health risk in developing countries
19. Which of the following best describes the indoor air pollutant asbestos? - a fibrous
mineral that can cause respiratory diseases
20. A phenomenon associated with the buildup of toxic compounds and pollutants in an
airtight space is known as - sick building syndrome
21. The major source of indoor air pollution in developing countries is - indoor cooking with
biomass as a fuel
22. The compound that is the leading cause of ozone depletion is - CFCs
23. The beneficial ozone is ____ and the dangerous ozone is ____. - Stratospheric,
tropospheric
24. Number of people living in countries with air quality concentrations above the level of the
primary national Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) in 2006. Use Figure 15-5. The
largest number of people affected by an air quality concentration above the standard
(NAAQS) level in 2006 were affected by - O3
25. Which type of pollution control is most difficult? - removing pollutants after they have
been dispersed over a wide area.
1. What have you learned from this course so far? (This question will appear in the test)
Answer:
- Agriculture products are cheap because they’re necessary
- A hundred million years ago, the planet had the same amount of water it
has now.
- High demands and limited supply equals high prices for consumers
- We’ll never run out of water because of the water cycle
- Hydropower reduces the causes of electricity
- Purification of water involves physical, biological, and chemical
processes.
- Only 2.5% of the earth’s water is freshwater.
- The main factors causing water scarcity are dry climate and droughts
- There are 2 main causes of air pollution, man-made and natural causes.
- Human population growth has the largest impact on environmental
degradation.
2.