Energetics

Dr Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra

Professor, School of Pharmacy
GITAM (Deemed to be University)
Visakhapatnam, India
Contents
• Creatine Phosphate
• Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Creatine Phosphate (Phosphocreatine)
• Primary source of energy is ATP in skeletal muscle
• Secondary source of energy is Phosphocreatine (Creatine Phosphate)
in skeletal muscle
• It contains the high-energy phosphate group and decomposes to
Phosphocreatine = Creatine + PO3 -
• Most muscle cells have two to four times as much phosphocreatine
as ATP.
• All the energy stored in the muscle phosphocreatine is almost
instantaneously available for muscle contraction.
• The combined amounts of cell ATP and cell phosphocreatine are
called the phosphagen energy system.
• These together can provide maximal muscle power for 8 to 10
seconds, almost enough for the 100-meter run.
• The energy from the phosphagen system is used for maximal short
bursts of muscle power
Synthesis and metabolism of Phosphocreatine
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
• the term metabolism is used to describe all of the chemical reactions
that occur within the body,
• Metabolic rate is usually expressed as an amount of heat production.
This is because many body processes that utilize ATP also produce heat.
These processes include the contraction of skeletal muscle, the
pumping of the heart, and the normal breakdown of cellular
components.
• The energy required for merely living (lying quietly in bed) is the basal
metabolic rate (BMR).
• The BMR normally averages about 65 to 70 Calories per hour in an
average 70-kilogram man.
• An average man who weighs 70 kilograms and lies in bed all day uses
about 1650 Calories of energy per day.
• The process of eating and digesting food increases the amount of
energy used each day by an additional 200 or more Calories, so that
the same man lying in bed and eating a reasonable diet requires a
dietary intake of about 1850 Calories per day.
• If he sits in a chair all day without exercising, his total energy
requirement reaches 2000 to 2250 calories daily.
Factors affect the metabolic rate
• Exercise
• Age—Metabolic rate is highest in young children and decreases with age.
• Body configuration of adults—Tall, thin people usually have higher
metabolic rates than do short, stocky people of the same weight.
• Sex hormones—Testosterone increases metabolic activity to a greater
degree than does estrogen, giving men a slightly higher metabolic rate than
women.
• Sympathetic stimulation—In stress situations, the metabolism of many
body cells is increased.
• Decreased food intake—If the intake of food decreases for a prolonged
period of time, metabolic rate also begins to decrease.
• Climate—People who live in cold climates may have metabolic rates 10% to
20% higher than people who live in tropical region.