1- Collect, store, retrieve information based on its spatial location

2- Can process and integrate spatial data with attribute data from different data sources in a single analysis

3- The phenomenon being reported such as temp, elevation and so on, also called attribute.

4- The map is a Model of the reality

5- Lat and Long are spherical coordinates

6- The base map (Reference map)is divided into a set of thematic maps

7- Data collected from a distance are named Remotely sensed data.

8- CIESIN, housed and operated by University’s Ear Institute, provides data, education, support, and research on data integration

9- Error is introduced in every step in geo data generation and usage.

10- The top of the hierarchy is termed the root.

11- Every element has one level element related to it, termed parent, and one or more subordinate elements, termed children.

12- relation can be handled indirectly by using intermediate relation, often termed intersection record.

13-The data are stored as a collection of values in the form of simple records, termed tuples.

14- Data compression is The representation of data in a more compact form

15- Geographic features are commonly recorded on two dimensional maps as points, lines and areas.

16- Topology is the mathematical method used to define spatial relationships.

17- Retrieval operations: involve the search, manipulation and output of the data without modifying the locations of the features.

18- Classification the procedure of identifying a set of features as belonging to a group.

19- Generalization called map dissolve, is the process of making a classification less detailed by combining classes.

20- Measurement is Spatial measurements include distance between points, line length, perimeters and areas of polygons.

21- Unlike a polygon, each cell has only ONE attribute: its value.

22- Density functions count occurrences within a given radius and divide by the area

23- Buffering separates a map into two areas.

24- The area within the specified distance is called the buffer zone.