INDUSTRIAL AREA

BASIC
 By definition, Industry means any part of the business of producing or
making goods
 An Industrial Area is a parcel of improved land subdivided into plots
for the accommodation of industrial establishment.

Nature of Industry/ Classification of Industry (Contd.)

 Classification according to Nature of Processing
o Extractive Industry: Mining and quarrying, in some cases the
processing of extracted products (coal iron, gas, petroleum and
other minerals)
o Manufacturing Industry: These may be heavy industries, medium
industries, intermediate industries and light industries
o Service Industry: Include
- workshops, maintenance shop, repair shop, petrol filling,
laundry, local transport, water supply, electricity supply, gas
supply etc. and
- Public service like education, professional service
o Shipping: Shipping is in a large degree, dependent on the
volume of trade and size of population
 Nature of Industry/ Classification of Industry (Contd.)
 Classification according to Type of Products
o Heavy Industries: of which products are bulky and heavy such
as – steel making, ship-building, oil refining etc.
They are very much restricted in the choice of site, because
their efficiency is largely dependent on nearness to coal, port
area and so on.
o Medium or Intermediate Industry: are those which further
process the products of heavy industry. The products are not
massive or heavy, such as spinning, weaving, plastics,
manufacture of machinery etc.
o Light Industries: are those whose products are usually light in
weight and thus readily transportable, such as confectionery,
shoes etc.
 Nature of Industry/ Classification of Industry
 Classification according to Location Characteristic
o Fixed or Rooted Industry: an industry of which the location is
rigidly determined by some special requirements. Examples are
miming, oil refining, ship building etc.
o Linked Industry: are those which further process the products of
heavy industry, or which serve the heavy industry in some way,
and thus necessarily are located close to it.
o Foot-loose Industry: a foot-loose industry is one which is not
particularly tied to any fixed location. Basically the light industry
can be termed as these types of industries.
 Industrial Parks
 Industrial Parks are areas within a community designated for
activities associated with industrial development, which can include
–
o Materials processing
o Materials assembly
o Product manufacturing and
o Storage of finished products
 Industrial parks can be stand-alone developments within a
community, or
 They can be adjacent to or part of larger regional industrial district.
 Transportation
Parameters (Contd.)
o Industrial parks should be located in close proximity to major
transportation system, including regional and intra-district highway
system.
o Efficient system of local roadways between the industrial park and
the highway system.
o Access to other types of transportation systems, such as rail, port and
air freight, if they are characteristic of the region and demand by
the industry.

 Utilities and Infrastructure

o Industrial parks require dependable utility systems.
o Sufficient supply of water for domestic fire protection system should
be available.
o Sanitary sewer system systems need sufficient capacity to support
waste generated in the park.
o Adequate supply of natural gas and electricity also are necessary.
o Consideration should be given to manage storm-water to support
industrial park.
o Industrial park developers must also take into account
telecommunications utility infrastructure.
 Land Area
Parameters
o The land area need for an industrial park can range from 35 acres to
hundreds of acres.
o An area between 50 and 100 acres in size allows for flexibility for
planting, internal transportation, parking systems etc.
o Large, rectangular tracts of land that are available for development
at competitive prices in the region should be considered as sites.
o Land should have minimal impediments to development, to make it
competitive in the market place.

 Labor Force
o Development of the industrial park will be directly related to the
ability to attract labor from proximate areas to the park to serve the
industry within the facility.
o The available labor force is directly related to the type of industry.
o Among the labor force considerations to assess are the following:
- Location of the labor force
- Characteristics of the labor force (skilled or unskilled)
- Relative cost of labor in the region
- Transportation systems available to bring the labor for to the
industrial park.
 Site Design Consideration (Contd.)
 Organizational Systems
o Industrial parks tend to be organized according to a grid system.
o Internal street patterns also follow a grid, to accommodate heavy
truck traffic
o Newer industrial parks, which often include office space and require
less excessive truck use, may use more curvilinear road systems that
follow the natural contours of the land.

 Circulation and Parking

o Traffic, road and parking standards depend on the uses allowed in
the industrial park.
o Standards should be reviewed when developing the circulation and
parking system for the area.
o These standard include
- road width and bearing capacity,
- truck loading and turning requirements,
- traffic generation guidelines, and
- parking requirements based on type of use.
 Site Design Consideration (Contd.)
 Circulation and Parking
o Major access points should not conflict with pedestrian movement
or adjacent residential areas.
o Local traffic flow should not be disrupted as a result of truck
movement.
 Buffer and Open Space
o Most industrial parks require planted buffers to separate from
residential uses.
o They also require sites to planted.
o Modern industrial parks are often lower in density than older
industrial areas; some require between 70 and 80 percent open
space.
o Height standards, floor area ratios and other density standards for
structure should be maintained.
o Green belt may use to protect the environment of the industrial
park.
 Site Design Consideration
 Structural Elements
o Among the elements of the enhanced industrial park design are
- Underground utilities
- Architecturally harmonious structures
- Planted areas
- Road systems that allow for safe ad efficient movement.
 Impacts
When considering an industrial park, the following are among the types of
typical impacts from industrial uses:

Transportation
Increased traffic volume and overall impacts on local and regional
transportation system.
Community Services
Increased demand for community services, including utilities; police, fire
and rescue; emergency services and medical facilities.
Pollution
Specifically, air pollution generated from increased traffic and/or
process carried out throughout the industrial park, may also include
water quality impacts and noise.
Aesthetics
Aesthetic value may disrupt because of industrial development.
 Eco-Industrial Park (Contd.)
o Eco-Industrial parks are industrial parks in which tenants seek to minimize
or eliminate waste generation, energy use, and other environmental
impacts.
o Eco-industrial parks often require a more sophisticated management
and support system than traditional industrial parks.
o Eco-industrial parks are in operation in the United States, including Cape
Charles, Virginia, New Hampshire etc.
o Eco-Industrial parks can be described as generally having the following
characteristics:
Energy
- they use existing energy sources efficiently
- use waste energy from other facilities
- use renewable energy sources, such as: wind and solar energy
Material Reuse
- waste generated by one facility becomes input material for other
facilities in the park or is marketed elsewhere.
- water used by one facility may be reused by another, with
pretreatment conducted as needed.
 Eco-Industrial Park
Material Reuse
- Rainwater runoff can be captured and used for certain facility needs.
- Minimization of toxic materials use.
Natural Systems
- facility and park design minimizes environmental impacts
- reduces operating costs by using natural drainage systems, native
plantings, and low impacts construction materials.
Design and Construction
buildings and infrastructure are designed to be
- energy efficient,
- minimize pollution generation,
- be durable,
- easily maintained and flexible in their use.