Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Journal of Complex Analysis

Volume 2013, Article ID 407596, 4 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/407596

Research Article
Arc Length Inequality for a Certain Class of Analytic Functions
Related to Conic Regions

Wasim Ul-Haq, Muhammad Arif, and Asfandyar Khan

Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

Correspondence should be addressed to Wasim Ul-Haq; wasim474@hotmail.com

Received 22 May 2013; Accepted 26 July 2013

Academic Editor: Narendra Govil

Copyright © 2013 Wasim Ul-Haq et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

In our present investigation, we introduce a subclass of analytic function associated with conic regions which is a form of generalized
close-to-convexity. The arc-length inequality for a class of analytic function is well known. We derive this inequality for the newly
defined class and also study some of its interesting consequences.

1. Introduction where
Let A denote the class of functions 𝑓: Ω𝑘 = {𝑢 + 𝑖V : 𝑢 > 𝑘√(𝑢 − 1)2 + V2 } . (4)
∞
𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑧 + ∑ 𝑎𝑛 𝑧𝑛 , (1) The domain Ω𝑘,𝛾 is elliptic for 𝑘 > 1, hyperbolic when 0 <
𝑛=2
𝑘 < 1, parabolic for 𝑘 = 1, and right half plane when 𝑘 = 0.
which are analytic in the unit disc U = {𝑧 : |𝑧| < 1}. Let The functions which play the role of extremal functions for
S denote the class of all functions in A which are univalent. the conic regions of complex order are given as
Also let S∗ , C, and K be the well-known subclasses of A
consisting of all functions which are, respectively, of starlike, 𝑝𝑘,𝛾 (𝑧)
convex, and close-to-convex.
Kanas and Wisniowska [1, 2] studied the classes of 𝑘- 1 + (2𝛾 − 1) 𝑧
{
{ , 𝑘 = 0,
uniformly convex denoted by 𝑘 − UCV and the correspond- {
{ 1−𝑧
{
{
ing class 𝑘 − ST related by the Alexandar type relation. Later {
{ 2
{
{ 2𝛾 1 + √𝑧
Acu [3] considered the class 𝑘-uniformly close-to-convex {
{ 1 + (log ) , 𝑘 = 1,
{
{ 𝜋2 1 − √𝑧
denoted by 𝑘 − UK to be defined as {
{
{
{
󵄨󵄨 󸀠 󵄨󵄨 {
{ 2𝛾 2
𝑧𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) 󵄨 𝑧𝑓 (𝑧) 󵄨 { 2
𝑘 − UK = {𝑓 (𝑧) ∈ A : Re ( ) > 𝑘 󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 − 1󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 , = {1 + 1 − 𝑘2 sinh [( 𝜋 arccos 𝑘) arctan ℎ√𝑧] ,
𝑔 (𝑧) 󵄨󵄨 𝑔 (𝑧) 󵄨󵄨 {
{
{
{ 0 < 𝑘 < 1,
{
{
{
{
{ 𝑢(𝑧)/√𝑡
𝑔 (𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − ST, 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸} ; {1 + 𝛾 sin ( 𝜋 ∫
{
{
1
𝑑𝑥)
{
{ 𝑘 2 −1 2𝑅 (𝑡)
{
{ 0 √1−𝑥 2 √1−(𝑡𝑥)2
(2) {
{
{
{ 𝛾
+ 2 , 𝑘 > 1,
for more detail see [4–6]. { 𝑘 −1
In [7], the conic domain Ω𝑘,𝛾 with complex order is (5)
defined as
where 𝑢(𝑧) = (𝑧 − √𝑡)/(1 − √𝑡𝑧), 𝑡 ∈ (0, 1), 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸, and 𝑧
Ω𝑘,𝛾 = 𝛾Ω𝑘 + (1 − 𝛾) , 0 < Re 𝛾 ≤ 𝑘 + 1, (3) is chosen such that 𝑘 = cosh(𝜋𝑅󸀠 (𝑡)/4𝑅(𝑡)), where 𝑅(𝑡) is the
2 Journal of Complex Analysis

Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind and 𝑅󸀠 (𝑡) be the subclass of 𝑃 containing the functions 𝑝(𝑧), such that
is complementary integral of 𝑅(𝑡), see [1, 2]. 𝑝(𝑧) ≺ 𝑝𝑘,𝛾 (𝑧). Motivated from Noor’s work [8], we extend
Let 𝑃 = {𝑝(𝑧) : 𝑝(0) = 1 and Re 𝑝(𝑧) > 0, 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸} be class 𝑘 − 𝑃(𝛾) to class 𝑘 − 𝑃𝑚 (𝛾), 𝑚 ≥ 2 which is defined as
the class of functions with positive real part, and let 𝑘 − 𝑃(𝛾)

{ 𝑝 (0) = 1 and ∃𝑝1 (𝑧) , 𝑝2 (𝑧) in 𝑘 − 𝑃 (𝛾) such that }

𝑘 − 𝑃𝑚 (𝛾) = {𝑝 (𝑧) : 𝑚 1 𝑚 1 . (6)
𝑝 (𝑧) = ( + ) 𝑝1 (𝑧) − ( − ) 𝑝2 (𝑧) , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸 }
{ 4 2 4 2 }

Note that 𝑘 − 𝑃2 (𝛾) = 𝑘 − 𝑃(𝛾) and 0 − 𝑃𝑚 (0) = 𝑃𝑚 , the class 2. Some Properties of the Class 𝑘−UT𝑚 (𝛾)
introduced and studied by Pinchuk [9].
We define the following class: In this section, we provide some of the interesting properties
of class 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) such as radius of convexity problem,
𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) arc length, and growth rate of its coefficients. The following
theorem is readily seen when we proceed on similar lines as
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) in [13].
= {𝑓 (𝑧) ∈ A : ∈ 𝑃, 𝑔 (𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾) , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸} ,
𝑔󸀠 (𝑧)
Theorem 3. The function 𝑓(𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) if and only if
(7)
((𝑚/4)+(1/2))𝛾
(𝑓1 (𝑧))
where 𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) = ((𝑚/4)−(1/2))𝛾
, (11)
(𝑓2 (𝑧))
𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾)
where 𝑓1 (𝑧) and 𝑓2 (𝑧) are close-to-convex functions.
𝑧𝑓󸀠󸀠 (𝑧)
= {𝑓 (𝑧) ∈ A : 1 + ∈ 𝑘 − 𝑃𝑚 (𝛾) , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸} .
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) Theorem 4. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝜌, 𝛾) in 𝐸. Then, 𝑓 ∈ 𝐶 for
(8) |𝑧| < 𝑟0 , where

Geometrically, a function 𝑓(𝑧) ∈ UV𝑚 (𝛾) means that the 2 (1 + 𝑘)

𝑟0 = .
functional 1 + (𝑧𝑓󸀠󸀠 (𝑧)/𝑓󸀠 (𝑧)) takes all the values in conic √ 2
𝑚𝛾+ 2𝑘+ 2+ [𝑚𝛾 + 2𝑘 + 2] − 4 (1 + 𝑘) (2𝛾 − 𝑘 − 1)
domain Ω𝑘,𝛾 and its boundary rotation is at most 𝑚𝜋. We note
that class 𝑘−UT𝑚 (𝛾) coincides with already known classes of (12)
analytic functions by choosing special values for the involved
parameters. For example, for 𝑘 = 0, 𝛾 = 1, we have the class This result is sharp.
T𝑚 introduced and studied by Noor [10], and further along
Proof. We can write
with this by taking 𝑚 = 2, we obtain the well-known class K
of close-to-convex functions. The purpose of this paper is to 𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) = 𝑔󸀠 (𝑧) ℎ (𝑧) , 𝑔 (𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾) , ℎ (𝑧) ∈ 𝑃.
investigate some interesting properties of class 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾).
(13)
For this, we require the following results.
Using Lemma 1(ii), we get
Lemma 1. A function 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾) if and only if
𝛾/(1+𝑘)
𝛾/(1+𝑘) ((𝑚/4)+(1/2))
(i) 𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) = [𝑓1󸀠 (𝑧)] , 𝑓1 (𝑧) ∈ V𝑚 , 󸀠 (𝑠1 (𝑧) /𝑧)
𝑓 (𝑧) = [ ((𝑚/4)−(1/2))
] ℎ (𝑧) , (14)
(ii) there exist two normalized starlike functions 𝑠1 (𝑧) and (𝑠2 (𝑧) /𝑧)
𝑠2 (𝑧) such that
where 𝑠1 and 𝑠2 are starlike functions. Logarithmic differen-
((𝑘/4)+(1/2)) 𝛾/(1+𝑘) tiation of (14) gives us
(𝑠1 (𝑧) /𝑧)
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) = [ ((𝑘/4)−(1/2))
] . (9)
(𝑠2 (𝑧) /𝑧) 𝑧𝑓󸀠󸀠 (𝑧)
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧)
The above lemma can be proved by using the similar proce- 󸀠 󸀠
𝛾 𝑚 1 𝑧𝑠 (𝑧) 𝑚 1 𝑧𝑠 (𝑧)
dure as in [11]; also see [8]. = [−1 + ( + ) 1 −( − ) 2 ]
1+𝑘 4 2 𝑠1 (𝑧) 4 2 𝑠2 (𝑧)
Lemma 2 (see [12]). Let ℎ ∈ 𝑃 with 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝜃 . Then,
𝑧ℎ󸀠 (𝑧)
2𝜋 2 + .
1 1 + 3𝑟 ℎ (𝑧)
∫ |ℎ (𝑧)|2 𝑑𝜃 ≤ . (10)
2𝜋 0 1 − 𝑟2 (15)
Journal of Complex Analysis 3

This implies that Now using (20), Lemma 1(ii), and distortion theorems for
starlike functions, we have
𝑧𝑓󸀠󸀠 (𝑧) 2𝜋
1+ 󵄨 󵄨
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) 𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) = ∫ 󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑧𝑔󸀠 (𝑧) ℎ (𝑧)󵄨󵄨󵄨󵄨 𝑑𝜃,
0
󸀠
1+𝑘−𝛾 𝛾 𝑚 1 𝑧𝑠 (𝑧) 𝑔 (𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾) , ℎ (𝑧) ∈ 𝑃
= + [( + ) 1
1+𝑘 1+𝑘 4 2 𝑠1 (𝑧)
󵄨󵄨 ((𝑚/4)+(1/2))(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾 󵄨󵄨
󵄨󵄨 (𝑠1 (𝑧) /𝑧)
2𝜋 󵄨󵄨
󸀠
𝑚 1 𝑧𝑠 (𝑧) 𝑧ℎ󸀠 (𝑧) = ∫ 󵄨󵄨𝑧 󵄨 󵄨󵄨 |ℎ (𝑧)| 𝑑𝜃
−( − ) 2 ]+ . 󵄨 ((𝑚/4)−(1/2))(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾 󵄨󵄨
0 󵄨󵄨 (𝑠 (𝑧) /𝑧) 󵄨󵄨
4 2 𝑠2 (𝑧) ℎ (𝑧) 2

(16) 2𝜋 󵄨󵄨󵄨 (𝑠 (𝑧))

((𝑚/4)+(1/2))(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾 󵄨󵄨
󵄨󵄨
󵄨
= ∫ 󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑧1−𝛾(1/(𝑘+1)) 1 󵄨󵄨
󵄨󵄨
0 󵄨󵄨󵄨
((𝑚/4)−(1/2))(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾
Now using distortion results for the class 𝑃, we have (𝑠2 (𝑧)) 󵄨󵄨

𝑧𝑓󸀠󸀠 (𝑧) × |ℎ (𝑧)| 𝑑𝜃

Re (1 + )
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧)
2((𝑚/2)−1)(1/(𝑘+1)) Re 𝛾
≤
1+𝑘−𝛾 𝛾 𝑚 1 1−𝑟 𝑟((𝑚/4)+(1/2))(1/(𝑘+1)) Re 𝛾−1
≥ + [( + )
1+𝑘 1+𝑘 4 2 1+𝑟 2𝜋
󵄨 󵄨(1/4)((𝑚+2)/(1+𝑘)) Re 𝛾
𝑚 1 1+𝑟 2𝑟 × ∫ 󵄨󵄨󵄨𝑠1 (𝑧)󵄨󵄨󵄨 |ℎ (𝑧)| 𝑑𝜃.
−( − ) ]− 0
4 2 1−𝑟 1 − 𝑟2 (21)
2 2
(1 + 𝑘 − 𝛾) (1 − 𝑟 ) + 𝛾 [1 + 𝑟 − 𝑚𝑟] − 2𝑟 (1 + 𝑘) By using Hölder’s inequality, this gives
= .
(1 + 𝑘) (1 − 𝑟2 ) 2((𝑚/2)−1)(1/(𝑘+1)) Re 𝛾
(17) 𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) ≤
𝑟((𝑚/4)+(1/2))(1/(𝑘+1)) Re 𝛾−1
The right hand side of (17) is positive for |𝑧| < 𝑟0 , where 𝑟0 is 1/2
1 2𝜋 󵄨󵄨 󵄨(1/2)((𝑚+2)/(1+𝑘)) Re 𝛾
given by (12). The sharpness can be viewed from the function ×( ∫ 󵄨󵄨𝑠1 (𝑧)󵄨󵄨󵄨 𝑑𝜃) (22)
𝑓0 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾), given by 2𝜋 0
1/2
1 2𝜋
(1 + 𝑧)(𝛾/(𝑘+1))(((𝑚/2)−1)+1) × ( ∫ |ℎ (𝑧)|2 𝑑𝜃) .
𝑓0󸀠 (𝑧) = , 𝑧 ∈ 𝐸. (18) 2𝜋 0
(1 − 𝑧)(𝛾/(𝑘+1))(((𝑚/2)+1)+1)
Since ((𝑚 + 2)/(1 + 𝑘)) Re 𝛾 > 1, therefore subordination for
We note the following interesting special cases: starlike functions and Lemma 2 give us
(i) For 𝛾 = 1, we have the radius of convexity for class 1 (1/2)((𝑚+2)/(1+𝑘)) Re 𝛾
𝑘 − UT𝑚 . 𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) ≤ 𝐴 (𝑘, 𝛾, 𝑚) ( ) . (23)
1−𝑟
(ii) For 𝛾 = 1 and 𝑘 = 0, we have the radius of convexity
The function 𝐹0 (𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) is defined by
for class T𝑚 , proved by Noor [10].
(iii) For 𝛾 = 1, 𝑘 = 0 and 𝑚 = 2, we have radius of 𝐹0󸀠 (𝑧) = 𝐺0󸀠 (𝑧) ℎ0 (𝑧) , (24)
convexity for close-to-convex functions which is well
known. where
(1 + 𝑧)((𝑚/2)−1)(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾 1+𝑧
𝐺0󸀠 (𝑧) = , ℎ0 (𝑧) = (25)
Theorem 5. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) with 𝑘 ≥ 0, 𝑚 ≥ 2, and (1 − 𝑧)((𝑚/2)+1)(1/(1+𝑘))𝛾 1−𝑧
((𝑚 + 2)/(1 + 𝑘)) Re 𝛾 > 1. Then,
shows that the exponent is sharp.
(1/2)((𝑚+2)/(1+𝑘)) Re 𝛾
1 Some special choices in the above theorem give us the
𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) ≤ 𝐴 (𝑘, 𝛾, 𝑚) ( ) . (19)
1−𝑟 following interesting results.
The exponent (1/2)((𝑚 + 2)/(1 + 𝑘)) Re 𝛾 is sharp. Corollary 6. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT2 (1). Then
Proof. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝜌, 𝛾). Then, there exists 𝑔(𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − 1 2/(1+𝑘)
UV𝑚 (𝛾) such that 𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) ≤ 𝐴 (𝑘) ( ) . (26)
1−𝑟
𝑓󸀠 (𝑧) = 𝑔󸀠 (𝑧) ℎ (𝑧) , ℎ ∈ 𝑃. (20) Corollary 7. Let 𝑓(𝑧) ∈ T𝑚 . Then

From the definition of 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (𝛾), one can deduce that 1 (𝑚/2)+1
𝐿 𝑟 (𝑓) ≤ 𝐴 (𝑚) ( ) . (27)
𝑔(𝑧) ∈ 𝑘 − UV𝑚 (1) implies that 𝑔(𝑧) ∈ V𝑚 (𝑘/(𝑘 + 1)). 1−𝑟
4 Journal of Complex Analysis

Coefficient Growth Problems. The problem of growth rate and [7] K. I. Noor, M. Arif, and W. Ul-Haq, “On 𝑘-uniformly close-to-
asymptotic behavior of coefficients is well known. In the next convex functions of complex order,” Applied Mathematics and
results, we study these problems for class 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) by Computation, vol. 215, no. 2, pp. 629–635, 2009.
varying different parameters. [8] K. I. Noor, “On a generalization of uniformly convex and related
functions,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 61,
Theorem 8. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (𝛾) with 𝑘 ≥ 0, 𝑚 ≥ 2 and no. 1, pp. 117–125, 2011.
((𝑚 + 2)/(1 + 𝑘)) Re 𝛾 > 1. Then [9] B. Pinchuk, “Functions of bounded boundary rotation,” Israel
Journal of Mathematics, vol. 10, pp. 6–16, 1971.
󵄨󵄨 󵄨󵄨 ((𝑚/2)+1)(Re 𝛾/(1+𝑘))−1
󵄨󵄨𝑎𝑛 󵄨󵄨 = 𝑂 (1) 𝑛 , (𝑛 󳨀→ ∞) . (28) [10] K. I. Noor, “On a generalization of close-to-convexity,” Interna-
tional Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, vol. 6,
The exponent is sharp. no. 2, pp. 327–333, 1983.
[11] M. K. Aouf, “On certain classes of 𝑝-valent functions,” Interna-
Proof. With 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝜃 , Cauchy’s theorem gives us tional Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, vol. 9,
no. 1, pp. 55–64, 1986.
2𝜋
1 󵄨󵄨 󸀠 󵄨󵄨 1
𝑛𝑎𝑛 = ∫ 󵄨󵄨𝑧𝑓 (𝑧)󵄨󵄨 𝑑𝜃 =
󵄨 󵄨 𝐿 (𝑓) , 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝜃 . [12] Ch. Pommerenke, “On close-to-convex analytic functions,”
𝑛
2𝜋𝑟 0 2𝜋𝑟𝑛 𝑟 Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 114, pp.
(29) 176–186, 1965.
[13] K. I. Noor, “On certain analytic functions related with strongly
Using Theorem 5 and putting 𝑟 = 1 − (1/𝑛), we obtain the close-to-convex functions,” Applied Mathematics and Computa-
required result. The sharpness follows from the function 𝐹0 tion, vol. 197, no. 1, pp. 149–157, 2008.
defined by the relation (24).

Corollary 9. Let 𝑓 ∈ 𝑘 − UT𝑚 (1), and let it be of the form

(1). Then, for 𝑛 > 3, 𝑘 ≥ 2, one has
󵄨󵄨 󵄨󵄨 ((𝑚/2)+1)(1/(1+𝑘))−1
󵄨󵄨𝑎𝑛 󵄨󵄨 = 𝑂 (1) 𝑛 . (30)

For 𝑘 = 0, in the above corollary, we have growth rate of

coefficients problem for functions in class T𝑚 , and, for 𝑘 = 0,
𝑚 = 2 gives us the growth rate of coefficients for close-to-convex
functions, which are well known.

Acknowledgments
The authors want to acknowledge worthy referees of this
paper for their insightful comments which greatly improves
the entire presentation of the paper. They would also like
to thank Prof. Dr. Ehsan Ali, VC AWKUM, for providing
research facilities.

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Applied Analysis
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