See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/260548931

CPFSK scheme with multiple modulation indices in optical OFDM

communication system

Article  in  IEEE Photonics Journal · December 2013

DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2013.2287563

CITATIONS READS
6 1,597

6 authors, including:

Zhanyu Yang Song Yu

University of Virginia Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
31 PUBLICATIONS   425 CITATIONS    246 PUBLICATIONS   2,795 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Longquan Chen Jian Li

China Academy of Telecommunication Research, MIIT Xiamen University
10 PUBLICATIONS   50 CITATIONS    896 PUBLICATIONS   23,559 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Deep eutectic solvent Biorefinery lignocellulose catalyst View project

Biomass material bionics View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Zhanyu Yang on 15 May 2014.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

CPFSK Scheme With Multiple
Modulation Indices in Optical OFDM
Communication System
Volume 5, Number 6, December 2013

Zhanyu Yang
Song Yu
Longquan Chen
Jian Li
Yaojun Qiao
Wanyi Gu

DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2013.2287563
1943-0655 Ó 2013 IEEE
IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

CPFSK Scheme With Multiple

Modulation Indices in Optical OFDM
Communication System
Zhanyu Yang, Song Yu, Longquan Chen, Jian Li,
Yaojun Qiao, and Wanyi Gu

State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of
Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2013.2287563
1943-0655 Ó 2013 IEEE

Manuscript received August 20, 2013; revised October 11, 2013; accepted October 12, 2013. Date of
publication November 1, 2013; date of current version November 7, 2013. This work was supported in
part by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grants 2012CB315605 and
2014CB340102; by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)
under Grant 2013AA013401; by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grants 61271191,
61271193, 61072054, and 60932004; by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and
Optical Communications; and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
Corresponding author: S. Yu (e-mail: yusong@bupt.edu.cn).

Abstract: To improve spectrum efficiency (SE) of minimum-shift keying (MSK) in orthogonal

frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system, MSK is extended to a continuous-phase
frequency-shift-keying (CPFSK) scheme with multiple modulation indices h in this paper. We
theoretically prove that the available h for the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is
only the multiple of 1/2. Subsequently, a simple triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme with h ¼
0; 1=2; 1 is demonstrated as an example of the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme.
In our proof-of-concept experiment, a 10-Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal and a 10-Gb/s
OFDM-MSK signal are successfully transported over 1000-km standard single-mode fiber.
Electrical spectrum shows that the SE of the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is about twice as
much as that of OFDM-MSK. Bit-error-rate performance of the 10-Gb/s triple-h OFDM-
CPFSK signal and the 10-Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal after 300- and 1000-km transmissions
demonstrates a robust performance of the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme in long-haul high-
speed transmission.

Index Terms: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), spectrum efficiency

(SE), modulation index ðhÞ, continuous-phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK), minimum-
shift keying (MSK).

1. Introduction
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been a promising modulation
scheme in optical communication systems [1]–[3]. It provides a straightforward way to accommodate
high data rate link to gain a robust performance. Conventionally, quadrature amplitude modulation
(QAM) is commonly adopted in optical OFDM communication systems [4]–[6], because of its high
spectrum efficiency (SE) and simple implementation. However, OFDM-QAM suffers a large inter-
carrier interference (ICI) and spectrum-leakage in a practical nonideal communication system, for
QAM scheme endures a slow roll-off side-lobe spectrum decaying asymptotically as f 2 [7]–[11].
Recently, to decrease ICI and spectrum-leakage, minimum-shift keying (MSK) scheme was
proposed in OFDM communication systems [12]–[15]. MSK enjoys a much faster roll-off side-lobe
spectrum decaying asymptotically as f 4 , for MSK has a linear continuous phase. Therefore,

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

OFDM-MSK achieves a lower ICI and spectrum-leakage than OFDM-QAM does. However, SE of
MSK is much lower than that of the commonly used high-order QAM because MSK is a binary
modulation format. This disadvantage largely restricts the development of OFDM-MSK in long-haul
high-speed optical communication systems. Therefore, improvement in SE of OFDM-MSK is required.
To address this problem, [16]–[18] proposed a multiple-amplitude MSK (MAMSK) scheme in
OFDM communication systems. In MAMSK scheme, amplitude is utilized as a modulation parameter
to improve SE of MSK. For every signal data, MAMSK provides it a pool of multiple amplitudes. In
addition, as the introduction of multiple amplitudes does not change the phase trellis of MSK,
MAMSK signal enjoys a linear continuous phase as MSK signal does. Therefore, OFDM-MAMSK
not only improves SE of OFDM-MSK, but also enjoys a low ICI and spectrum-leakage in a practical
nonideal OFDM communication system.
However, MAMSK does not fully exploits the potential of MSK scheme in SE. In MAMSK scheme,
only the amplitude is utilized as a modulation parameter to improve SE of MSK; while MSK is a
2-dimension modulation format, including the amplitude dimension and the phase dimension
determined by its modulation index h. Its phase can also be utilized as a modulation parameter to
improve its SE, as its amplitude does. Therefore, multiple-h scheme can be introduced to OFDM-
MSK to further improve its SE.
To our best, no investigation about multiple-h OFDM-MSK scheme has been reported up to now
as MSK inherently has a fixed h ¼ 1=2. In fact, multiple-h continuous-phase frequency shift keying
(CPFSK) scheme can address this problem. CPFSK enjoys a linear continuous phase as MSK
does and it can be multiple-h modulated. These merits guarantee OFDM-CPFSK to enjoy a low ICI
and spectrum-leakage in a practical nonideal communication system as OFDM-MSK does. And
also, the introduction of multiple-h scheme into OFDM-CPFSK can improve its SE. Therefore,
OFDM-MSK scheme is extended to multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme in this paper to improve SE
of OFDM-MSK.
Besides, we theoretically prove that the available h in multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is only the
multiple of 1/2. And then, a simple triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme with h ¼ 0; 1=2; 1 is demonstrated
as an example of the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme. In our proof-of-concept ex-
periment, 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal was successfully transported over 1000 km standard
single mode fiber (SSMF). Electrical spectrums show that SE of the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is
about twice as much as that of OFDM-MSK. Bit error rate (BER) performance of the 10 Gb/s triple-h
OFDM-CPFSK scheme and 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK after 300 km and 1000 km transmission shows a
robust performance of the proposed scheme in long-haul high-speed transmission.

2. Principle
Generally, baseband CPFSK signal is expressed as,
 
h
sðt Þ ¼ exp j n þ n  t ; 0t T (1)
T
P
where n ¼ h n1 q¼0 q þ  represents a cumulative phase, n denotes the input bipolar data,  is
the initial phase, T is the CPFSK symbol interval, and h denotes the CPFSK modulation index.
Then OFDM symbol with baseband CPFSK signal can be written as,
X
N
s 0 ðt Þ ¼ sðk Þ  expfj  2kt =T g; 0t T (2)
k ¼1

where N denotes the number of total sub-carriers, sðk Þ is the sampled sðt Þ every T . The data rate
is N=T .
OFDM-CPFSK can be simplified to OFDM-MSK scheme which has gained substantial interest in
recent years when a fixed h ¼ 1=2 is adopted. Fig. 1(a) shows the typical phase trellis of MSK
scheme. Phase among the whole MSK symbol interval is linear continuous while phase among the
whole QAM symbol interval is a constant. Therefore, MSK achieves a fast roll-off side-lobe spectrum

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

Fig. 1. Phase trellis of (a) MSK and (b) triple-h CPFSK with h ¼ 0; 1=2; 1.

decaying asymptotically as f 4 and thus OFDM-MSK enjoys a low ICI and spectrum-leakage in a
practical nonideal communication system.
However, MSK is a binary modulation format and thus it has a lower SE compared with the high-
order QAM. This disadvantage largely restricts its development in high-speed long-haul optical
OFDM communication systems.
To improve SE of OFDM-MSK, we extend it to a multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme in this paper.
In the multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme, h is utilized as a modulation parameter. As MSK and
CPFSK have the similar linear continuous phase and CPFSK can be modulated by h, the proposed
multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme enjoys a low ICI and spectrum-leakage as OFDM-MSK does and
improves SE of OFDM-MSK. However, not all h can be utilized in a multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK
scheme. The available h must make sub-carriers orthogonal to each other in the proposed scheme.
In order to make sub-carriers orthogonal, we need to make them orthogonal between any two
sub-carriers in real domain,
8 T 9
<Z   =

sðtÞ ¼ < sl0 ðt Þ  sm
0
ðt Þ dt
: ;
0
ZT
    
¼ cos jðp;l  p;m Þ  cos jt=T  hðp;l  p;m Þ þ 2ðl  mÞ dt (3)
0

where  denotes the cumulative phase. To make sðt Þ ¼ 0, h must meet the following expression
according to the integral periodicity of exponential function
hðp;l  p;m Þ ¼   l þ m (4)

where  is a positive integer, l and m represent the l-th and the m-th sub-carriers, p is the p-th
OFDM symbol. Therefore, according to Eq. (4), h must be multiple of 1/2 to make all sub-carriers
orthogonal in real domain,
h ¼ n=2; n ¼ 0; 1; 2; . . . (5)
Therefore, according to Eq. (5), the available h in multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is only the
multiple of 1/2. Then, to extend OFDM-MSK scheme to the multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme, those
h are utilized as a modulation parameter to modulate the signal data. Thus, the proposed multiple-h
OFDM-CPFSK scheme has a higher SE than the OFDM-MSK scheme does. Subsequently, to
investigate the performance of the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme in optical communi-
cation systems, we give out a simple triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme with h ¼ 0; 1=2; 1 as an example
in this paper.

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

Fig. 2. Decision block. (a) ½0: 2., (b) ½2; 0.

Fig. 3. Experiment setup: ECL, external cavity laser; AWG, arbitrary waveform generator; MZM,
Mach-Zehnder modulator; SSMF, standard single-mode fiber; EDFA, erbium doped fiber amplifier; DPO,
digital phosphor oscilloscope.

Phase trellis of the triple-h CPFSK scheme with h ¼ 0, 1/2, 1 is shown in Fig. 1(b). Its
implementation is as follows. The odd bit of the input binary data is used to decide h. h ¼ 1=2 is
corresponding to data 1; h ¼ 1 is corresponding to data 0. The even bit of the input binary data is
utilized to decide the phase slope during a symbol interval. If the even bit is 0, the corresponding
slope during this symbol interval will be h=T ; else if the even bit is 1, the corresponding slope
during this symbol interval will be h=T .
However, if h ¼ 1, the phase slope will be =T or =T according to this mapping rule. This will
cause a phase faintness. The phase difference between the different input binary data at the next
sampling time will be 2, and thus it is difficult to demodulate the next symbol. Therefore, to
eliminate this phase faintness, h ¼ 0 is introduced to the proposed scheme. If h ¼ 1 and the even
bit is 0, slope =T will be adopted; else if h ¼ 1 and the even bit is 1, slope 0 will be selected. Then,
the encoded triple-h CPFSK signal is sampled every T and this sampled data sequence is fed into
an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module to generate the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal.
At the receiver, the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal is demodulated by a FFT module. Then, to get
the received binary data, a simple differential decoder is demonstrated. As the phase state of the
present symbol is determined by the cumulative phase of the previous symbols and the input binary
data at present time, we subtract the phase state of the last symbol from that of the current symbol.
The subtract is only determined by the current input binary data. Then, we can get the current input
binary data from the subtract directly. The decision block of differential decoder is shown in Fig. 2.
After anglefg block, phase is limited to ½; . Therefore, the differential decision block is limited
to ½2; 2.

3. Experiment

3.1. Experiment Setup

Fig. 3 shows the experiment setup for the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK coherent optical communication
system. At the transmitter, optical source is a commercially available external cavity laser (ECL)

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

Fig. 4. Experiment results on electrical spectrums of 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal and 10 Gb/s triple-h
OFDM-CPFSK signal.

operating at a wavelength of 1550.12 nm with a line-width of about 100 kHz. To fix the polarization
state, a polarization controller (PC) is utilized following the ECL but before the optical I/Q modulator.
The triple-h CPFSK signal is generated as demonstrated in Section 2. Then, the time-domain triple-h
OFDM-CPFSK waveform is generated by a MATLAB program with parameters as follows. The total
sub-carriers are 64. 4 of them are utilized as pilot sub-carriers to estimate the fiber transfer function.
3 sub-carriers around DC are left empty to decrease phase noise distortion. 1/16 cyclic prefix
samples and cyclic postfix samples are employed. For every 64 OFDM symbols, 1 synchronization
symbol and 2 training symbols are transmitted. The time-domain OFDM waveforms are uploaded
into an arbitrary waveform generator (Tektronix AWG7122C) operating at 5 GSa/s to generate
analog signals. Subsequently, the analog waveforms are fed into an integrated dual-parallel dual-
electrodes MZM (FUJITSU FTM7920EX) working as an optical I/Q modulator to up-convert the
baseband signal to 1550.12 nm. Then, the up-converted signal is launched into N  100 km SSMF
with N EDFAs.
At receiver, the coherent received signal is subsequently fed into a digital phosphor oscilloscope
(Tektronix DPO72004C) operating at 50 GSa/s to implement the A/D conversion. Then we download
the received signal into a MATLAB program to implement the off-line data processing, capture the
synchronization signal to pinpoint the start of FFT window, separate the training symbols and data
symbols, and remove CP. Estimate the transfer function of the optical transport channel by least
squares (LS) technique with low complexity. Equalize the received signal through a zero-forcing (ZF)
equalizer operating in the frequency domain to mitigate the linear distortion. Therefore, the IFFT and
FFT modules are indispensable. The equalized signal is fed into the OFDM demodulation block. Then
the triple-h CPFSK signal is decomposed by angle and phase unwrapping blocks. Subsequently, we
feed the decomposed phase signal into the proposed differential decoder block to get the received
binary data.
In our experiment, the electrical spectrums are monitored by an electrical spectrum analyzer
(Tektronix DPO72004C). The overall link rate is 10 Gb/s. The data rate is determined by the link rate
and the ratio of data sub-carriers to the total sub-carriers. As 53 sub-carriers are utilized to transport
the data stream, the data rate in our experiment is 53=64  10 Gb/s  8:3 Gb/s.

3.2. Experiment and Simulation Results

Experiment results on electrical spectrums of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal and the 10 Gb/s
triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal are shown in Fig. 4. Electrical spectrum width of the triple-h OFDM-
CPFSK signal is almost half of that of OFDM-MSK signal at the same bit rate 10 Gb/s. This

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

Fig. 5. Simulation results on BER of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal and the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-
CPFSK signal versus fiber length at OSNR ¼ 10 dB.

Fig. 6. Experiment results on BER of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal and the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-
CPFSK signal versus OSNR after (a) 300 km and (b) 1000 km transmission.

demonstrates that the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme does improve SE of OFDM-MSK, up to 2 times
as much as that of OFDM-MSK scheme.
Fig. 5 shows the simulation results on BER performance of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal and the
10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal versus fiber length. In our simulation, fiber parameters are set
as follows. Fiber chromatic dispersion is 17 ps/nm/km, attenuation loss is 0.2 dB/km, nonlinear
refractive index is 2:6  1020 m2 =w, optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) is set at 10 dB. Other
parameters are set the same as that in our experiments. The simulation results show that the 10 Gb/s
OFDM-MSK signal outperforms the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal when the fiber length is
less than 400 km; while the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal beats the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK
signal when the fiber length is more than 400 km.
This performance difference versus fiber length also demonstrates that SE of the proposed triple-h
OFDM-CPFSK scheme is higher than that of the OFDM-MSK scheme. The main difference between
OFDM-MSK and multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK is that their SE is not the same. In specific, SE of the
triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is about twice of that of OFDM-MSK. Higher SE contributes to more
effectively counteracting chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD),
especially in long-haul high-speed transmission. Better performance of the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK
scheme in counteracting CD and PMD guarantees its robust performance after 1000 km SSMF
transmission. Therefore, even though OFDM-MSK can beat triple-h OFDM-CPFSK when fiber
length is less than 400 km, the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK outperforms OFDM-MSK when large CD and
PMD is introduced after 1000 km SSMF transmission.
Fig. 6 shows our experiment results on BER performance of the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK
signal and the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal without CD and PMD compensation after 300 km and

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

 IEEE Photonics Journal CPFSK Scheme With Indices in OFDM System

1000 km transmission over SSMF, respectively. BERs of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal are better
than that of the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal after 300 km transmission; however, BERs of
the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal are much better than that of the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK
signal after 1000 km transmission. This demonstrates not only that the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK
scheme has more potential in long-haul high-speed transmission than the OFDM-MSK scheme
does, but also proves that the proposed triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme improve SE of OFDM-MSK
indeed.

4. Conclusion
OFDM-MSK is extended to a multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme to improve its SE in this paper. We
theoretically prove that the available h in the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is only the
multiple of 1/2. Besides, a simple triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is demonstrated as an example of
the proposed multiple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme, and SE of the triple-h OFDM-CPFSK scheme is
about twice as much as that of OFDM-MSK scheme. In our proof-of-concept experiment, 10 Gb/s
triple-h OFDM-CPFSK signal and 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK signal are successfully transported over
1000 km SSMF. Experiment results on electrical spectrums are presented to demonstrate the
improvement in SE. Simulation and experiment results on BER of the 10 Gb/s triple-h OFDM-
CPFSK and the 10 Gb/s OFDM-MSK after 300 km and 1000 km transmission show a robust
performance of the proposed scheme in high-speed long-haul optical communication systems.

References
[1] K.-P. Ho and W. Shieh, BEqualization-enhanced phase noise in mode-division multiplexed systems,[ J. Lightw.
Technol., vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 2237–2243, Jul. 2013.
[2] W. Shieh, BPMD-supported coherent optical OFDM systems,[ IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 134–136,
Feb. 2007.
[3] E. Giacoumidis, X. Q. Jin, A. Tsokanos, and J. M. Tang, BStatistical performance comparisons of optical OFDM
adaptive loading algorithms in multimode fiber-based transmission systems,[ IEEE Photon. J., vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1051–
1059, Dec. 2010.
[4] Z. Dong, J. Yu, X. Tang, and W. Jian, B432 Gbit/s O-OFDM QPSK signal transmission over 400 km SMF-28 with EDFA-
only amplification,[ in Proc. OFC/NFOEC, 2011, pp. 1–3.
[5] Y.-K. Huang, M.-F. Huang, E. Ip, E. Mateo, P. N. Ji, D. Qian, A. Tanaka, Y. Shao, T. Wang, Y. Aono, T. Tajima, T. J. Xia,
and G. A. Wellbrock, BHigh-capacity fiber field trial using terabit/s all-optical OFDM superchannels with DP-QPSK and
DP-8QAM/DP-QPSK modulation,[ J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 546–553, Feb. 2013.
[6] X. Zheng, X. Q. Jin, R. P. Giddings, J. L. Wei, E. Hugues-Salas, Y. H. Hong, and J. M. Tang, BNegative power penalties
of optical OFDM signal transmissions in directly modulated DFB laser-based IMDD systems incorporating negative
dispersion fibers,[ IEEE Photon. J., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 532–542, Aug. 2010.
[7] A. Hachmeister, M. Nölle, L. Molle, R. Freund, and M. Rohde, BPerformance comparison of MSK and QPSK optical long
haul DWDM transmission with coherent detection,[ Opt. Exp., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 3877–3882, Feb. 2012.
[8] T. F. Detwiler, S. M. Searcy, S. E. Ralph, and B. Basch, BContinuous phase modulation for fiber-optic links,[ J. Lightw.
Technol., vol. 29, no. 24, pp. 3659–3671, Dec. 2011.
[9] J. Bayless and R. Pedersen, BEfficient pulse shaping using MSK or PSK modulation,[ IEEE Trans. Commun.,
vol. COMM-27, no. 6, pp. 927–930, Jun. 1979.
[10] I. Sasase and S. Mori, BMulti-h phase-coded modulation,[ IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 46–56, Dec. 1991.
[11] L. J. Zhang, B. Liu, X. J. Xin, and Y. Wang, BMAMSK-OFDM signal for RoF access with increased tolerance toward
frequency offset,[ IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 397–400, Feb. 2013.
[12] R. H.-H. Yang, S.-J. CheM, C.-C. Tseng, and Z.-H. Zhan, BOFDM-MSK for wireless communications,[ in Proc. Int.
Symp. Intell. Signal Process. Commun. Syst., Dec. 13–16, 2005, pp. 269–272.
[13] Y. Shao, B. Huang, N. Chi, J. Zhang, W. Fang, B. Liu, and X. Xin, BA novel subcarrier OFDM-MSK WDM passive optical
network,[ presented at the Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. (OFC), San Diego, CA, USA, 2010, Paper OTuO4.
[14] W. Weng, Y. Liu, H. Hu, D. Yuan, and X. Zhu, BA novel OFDM-MSK scheme for MB-OFDM UWB based on cognitive
radio,[ in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Wireless Commu. Netw. Mobile Comp., Sep. 24–26, 2009, pp. 1–4.
[15] Z. Yang, S. Yu, L. Chen, H. Leng, M. Lan, Y. Qiao, and W. Gu, BConstant envelop minimum-shift keying OFDM
coherent optical communication system,[ J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 30, no. 23, pp. 3627–3632, Dec. 2012.
[16] L. Zhang, X. Xin, B. Liu, Q. Zhang, J. Yu, N. Chi, and C. Yu, BA novel MAMSK-OFDM technology for next-generation
optical access networks,[ IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 60–62, Jan. 2011.
[17] T. Shang, J. Sun, Y. Li, and X. Wang, BStudy of the all-optical high-speed OFDM transmission system based on
MAMSK modulation,[ Opt. Fiber Technol., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 440–446, Dec. 2012.
[18] W. Weber, P. Stanton, and J. Sumida, BA bandwidth compressive modulation system using multi-amplitude minimum
shift keying (MAMSK),[ IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COMM-26, no. 5, pp. 543–551, May 1978.

Vol. 5, No. 6, December 2013 7902607

View publication stats