GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGE

KANNUR
SEMINAR REPORT ON

Energy Kite
SUBMITTED BY
DRISYA K
REG NO: 19040577

FINAL YEAR ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of

MR. ABDUL RASHEED

(HOD in electronics department)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

2019-2022

1
 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE

KANNUR
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that this seminar report titled

ENERGY KITE
Is a bonafide record of dissertation completed and
presented by
DRISYA K , REG NO: 19040577
during the year 2020-21 in the partial fulfilment of the
requirement for the award of diploma in electronics engineering
of the department of technical education, Kerala
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT CO-ORDINATOR

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Dept. of electronics engineering. 2 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
COLLEGE KANNUR

VISSION
“To empower the youth by imparting excellence in technical
education and prepare the students as a valuable resource for
industry and society by developing effective technical
competency.

MISSION
• To offer value added qualitative technical education through
effective teaching learning process.
• To provide adequate infrastructure to impart finest quality skill
education.
• To include area of specification which will offer interaction
with the institution and industry for entrepreneurship

Dept. of electronics engineering. 3 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ELECTRONICS DEPARTMENT

VISSION
To develop competent skilled professionals in Electronics
Engineering to face the challenge of technological
developments in society

MISSION
1. To impart quality education in Electronics engineering to face the
challenges in Electronics Industry.
2. To blend theoretical knowledge with practical skills tune the
professional to an innovative mind set.
3. To provide right ethical values among the professional

Dept. of electronics engineering. 4 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our most sincere gratitude to the

principal MR.SHAREEF HUSSAIN.K.P, ABDUL RASHEED, (HOD
in electronics engineering), for their valuable guidance, inspiration,
suggestions and constant help for planning and supervising the study.
We would like to express my most sincere gratitude to MS.
SRUTHI V (lecturer in electronics engineering), MR. SURESH
BABU.K for noticing and working for us.

We are extremely grateful to my parents and our friends for their help
and encouragement throughout the work.
Above all we thank to god who was always with us in all over
endeavours.
- DRISYA K

Dept. of electronics engineering. 5 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ABSTRACT
This paper provides an overview of Energy Kites, a revolutionary
technique of power generation. With growing technological
innovations & carbon footprints, energy at a cheaper rate with
negligible green house effect have become vital. Leading energy
companies are showing great concern to this idea of energy generation
& hence a revolution has set out for a breakthrough technological
solution for this problem.
Out of all innovative ideas one major idea that's gaining great
attention is Airborne wind energy.Replacing the traditional structure
of wind turbine by Kites tethered to ground is the main idea behind
Airborne wind energy.
Airborne wind technology gives a power output of 600 KW with wind
speed of 11.5m/sec which can be increased significantly by achieving
great altitudes unlike traditional structures that are limited to height of
few meters.Also due to absence of bulky tower & huge blades, energy
Kite offers much more mass to power ratio. This energy generation
gives a promising power output from wind making complete use of air
velocity at an comparatively higher altitude. Google has nearly
invested $15 million in the Makani power for airborne wind energy.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 6 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

CONTENTS
Contents page
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………..……….8
2. PEEVIOUS STUDIES………………………………………9
3. BACKGROUND OF ENERGY KITE……………………..11
4. CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF KITE SYSTEM…….12
• ENERGY KITE
• TETHER
• GROUND STATION
5. OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY KITE…………...15
6. ENERGY CONVERSION…………………………………..17
7. TYPES OF KITE WIND GENERATORS………………….20
 MULTIPLE UNIT KITES
 MULTIPLE PILOT
 AIR BOURNE MECHANISM
8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES…………………..23
9. APPLICATIONS……………………………………………24
 TEACHINH
 TRANSPORT
 MILITARY
 ENERGY GENERATION
10. FUTURE SCOPE………………………………………..26
11. CONCLUSION………………………………………….27
12. REFERENCE……………………………………………28

Dept. of electronics engineering. 7 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

INTRODUCTION
This Airborne technology the whole design of a traditional wind
turbine is replaced by Energy Kite which traces the path of tip of
a turbine eliminating 90% of weight as shown in fig.1. The Kites
are installed with turbines or DC motors on the board that
generate energy by taking advantage of the circular trajectory.
When a Kite is flying at a great velocity in cross wind direction,
the tension in the lines increases significantly. So Kite is tethered
to ground station by a strong carbon fibre. The power generated
by energy Kite on board while in its circular trajectory is
transmitted to ground at the same time via a high voltage wire
inserted inside tethering material to ground station.
This system reduces the need of gear box hence reducing the
complexity & weight of the system. Due to generation of
electricity by the motors on the Kite board while in trajectory,
energy Kites are also called as on-board power generator.
Available wind energy density at an altitude of 400 meters is
nearly in order of two in magnitude as compared to those on the
ground which have an average turbine height of 50 meters.
Hence the height at which Energy Kites fly, the magnitude of
wind velocities increases remarkably as compared to the
traditional wind turbine

Dept. of electronics engineering. 8 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

PREVIOUS STUDIES
Research done in the past on the concept of using a kite for
power generation was primarily done by Dr.Goela. Therefore,
much of the background information providing the theory for
this project has come from one of three publications by Dr.
Goela; Goela (1983), Goela (1979), Goela et al. (1986). The
publication that has provided much of the analytical background
and the equations of motion for dynamic
simulations, which will be introduced later in this report, is
Goela (1983). This particular publication was one of several
yearly reports compiled by Dr. Goelaand his research assistants
at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Dr. Goelahas
served as a technical consultant on this MQP project. Goela
(1983) performs analysis of the steady state motion of the kite
during both stages of its motion, ascent and descent. The
mathematical analysis concentrated on the forces acting onthe
kite and the forces produced by the kite on the system as a result
of the kite motion. With the equations of kite dynamics
formulated, Goela (1983) considers several other important
factors in the analysis of the kite system. Goela (1983)
determines the relative efficiencies of the kite system, such as
the potential power coefficients, as well as the delay time
between the phases of ascent and descent.Goela (1983) also
studied the design of the kite and the mechanism to be used for
the system to convert wind energy into mechanical energy. In
order to develop thebest kite design for their purposes, Goela and
his team tested several different designs for the kites. In order to
collect data, the kites were tested in a large wind tunnel and
specific force measurements were taken at different angles of
attack. Several different types of kites were tested in order to
find the one that best suited the objective of the project and the
final choice was a conyne kite. This type of kite gave the best
overall results for the desired properties as “it incorporates the

Dept. of electronics engineering. 9 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

lifting advantage of a flat kite with the stability of a box kite”

Goela (1983). The second main feature of a kite-powered system
is the mechanism that translates the motionof the kite into a
usable form of energy. In the case of Goela (1983), the form of
usable energy is the ability to raise water out of a well. The
mechanism that Dr.Goela and his team designed consisted of a
balanced beam on a fulcrum with spring-loaded assists. The
springs in the system were used as a switching mechanism in
order to chance the angle of attack of the kite, changing from
ascent to descent. As the balanced beam reaches the top of its
path the water is discarded from the bucket, decreasing the
weight of the bucket as the angle of attack is decreased with the
flip of the lever. The motion described above is portrayed in the
two stage view . Once the angle of attack is changed the bucket
is slightly heavier than the tension in the tether and the kite is
pulled back down to its starting point.The cycle restarts once the
lever is triggered in the opposite direction during the descent of
the bucket and kite. The system of Goela (1983) was intended to
lift a bucket full of water from a well and therefore cannot be
directly incorporated into the work being done for this project,
although as we shall see,

Dept. of electronics engineering. 10 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

BACKGROUND OF ENERGY KITE

Idea of power generation using tethered Kites in cross wind direction was
first investigated by an American engineer Miles Loydin in 1970’s &
1980’s (Diehl 2013),(Loyd 1980). He suggested two methods which he
termed as lift mode & drag mode for power generation. The motivation
behind Airborne wind turbines is the fact that only 30% of the outer part
of turbine blades of traditional air turbine contributes to nearly half of the
total power generation, whereas these parts are much lighter as compared
to inner parts of the turbine. When a paper Kite flies in crosswind
direction unlike that of a plane wind, it starts rotating in circular path
similarly when a huge Kite tethered to ground flies in a crosswind
direction after achieving certain altitude this Kite also obtains a circular
trajectory. This trajectory is used for power generation either by using the
tension in tethered rope called as lift mode or by using motors on the Kite
called as drag mode. Kite used in drag mode is called as Energy Kite.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 11 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF KITE

SYSTEM

Energy Kite system consist of three main components

 Energy Kite

 Tether

 Ground Station

Flying an Energy Kite in crosswind direction is a complex control task

that requires a sophisticated technology to sustain a stable orbit. Hence a
computer system assisted by GPS and other sensors along with thousands
of real-time calculations are required to guide the Kite to the flight path
& sustain in the strongest winds for maximum energy generation.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 12 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ENERGY KITE
Kite is the main component of entire Airborne on-board power
generation system as it consists of small turbines mounted on it
that generate power right on the flight by using the velocity of
wind at high altitude & directly sends it to the ground. Kite
construction consists of crucial design along with selection of
material that is light as well as strong. To achieve more efficient
power generation, a Kite is mounted with more than one rotor.
The main objective behind installing maximum number of rotors
on the Kite is to get maximum power generation as increase in
rotor increases power output significantly. Makani powers in
California uses a Kite with 8 rotors that effectively generates a
power of 600 KW at a wind speed of 11.5m/sec .

Theoretically, a modern wing with a lift of coefficient of lift 0.03

and a wind velocity of VW=13 m/s would lead to a power output
of 217 KW per square meter of area (Diehl 2013). Kite design
consist of various challenges like the rigidity of the material to
sustain various types of forces acting on it, as the Kite rotates at
a very high speed. The main force that the Kite has to withstand
is the drag force. As the tether distance increases the drag force
on the Kite increases too. As the drag force increases, power
generation rate also increases whereas if this exceeds a limit may
lead to minor instability of the system. However if such
conditions exceeds their threshold then it cannot be controlled
from ground station. To overcome the problem of long length of
tethering & get efficient power generation at short tethering
distance, multiple Kites are used as in fig 3. This concept indeed
leads to significant reduction in tether drag loss as compared to a
single wing system.

TETHER

Dept. of electronics engineering. 13 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

Tether is made of conductive wires surrounded by a high

strength covering. The tether in case of energy Kites serves two
purposes; firstly it acts as a link for Kite to ground contact and
secondly used to transmit energy generated by energy Kite to the
ground station. Tether length is a crucial factor to be controlled
for adjusting Kite rotation speed as well as drag acting on both
the Kite as well as tether. A tether is preferably made of high
strength composite fibre covering thick Aluminium wire which
acts as a conductor to transfer energy from Kite to ground
station.
GROUND STATION
The ground station holds the tether, and is used as a resting place for the
energy Kite, when not in flight. The ground station occupies less ground
space and is significantly smaller than traditional wind turbines. The
ground station is directly posed to the forces acting on Kite. The ground
station strength actually decides the length up to which the Kite can be
tethered.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 14 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF ENERGY KITE

Power P that can be generated by the Energy Kite under idealised
assumption can be approximately given by equation 1.

Where; A is the area of Kite wing, CL & CD are the lift & drag
coefficient respectively & VW is the wind speed. A ratio of lift
coefficient CL to that of drag coefficient CD is the drag ratio which is an
important aspect with respect to power generation. Importance of drag
ratio is clearly reflected in equation 1(Diehl 2013). Initially the Kite is
taken to a considerable height by the onboard rotors attached to the Kite,
which are powered by electricity from the ground station. These rotors
take Kite up to a suitable altitude where Kite gets into its circular
trajectory in crosswind direction & faces high velocity winds. After this
stage the same rotor generates energy when Kite gets into circular
motion. Setting a Kite in it's perfect trajectory needs skilled operator on
the ground station. The tether length is adjusted such that the drag
pressure does not exceed the permissible capacity of force of ground
station.

Tether length plays an important role in setting diameter of rotation of

the Kite, as this significantly affects the power generation. As Kite
depicts, the motion of the tip of a turbine blade of a traditional wind
turbine plant hence it can be visualised by this view that at set diameter
of rotation of conventional turbines the power generated is strictly based
on the wind speed at that particular height. But with Energy Kite a whole
new possibilities opens up, as we can vary the diameter & altitude in
order to optimize power generation by minimum altitude. Also we can
extract maximum power from the wind energy.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 15 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

The total aerodynamic force that the Kite experiences is also

accompanied by one more factor other than CL & CD, this factor is due
to on board rotors of the Kite which generate energy. This coefficient is
denoted by CD, Power and might be used for usable power generation.
Hence in case of energy Kite CR is abbreviated as aerodynamic force
coefficient which is an important factor affecting power generation.
While the Kite is following it's circular trajectory, it has to go through
two losses: cosine loss & gravitational loss. Gravitational loss may be
neglected at high wind speeds but the cosine loss is considerable at any
given moment of flight.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 16 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ENERGY CONVERSION

The conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy will require the

use of a mechanically driven electrical generator. However, there needs
to be a mechanism that can convert the oscillating motion of a kite into
rotary motion that can power a generator .Several possibilities for such a
mechanism were considered. The simplest conversion mechanism is a
simple lever. A simple lever would be a beam attached to a kite that
would spin around a shaft powering an electrical generator. The major
advantage of this system is simplicity of construction. However, this
system was found to have several disadvantages. One major disadvantage
is the system’s inability to have the simple lever rotate in a complete
circle. The shaft would require enough momentum to keep revolving,
while the kite would need to be put into “de-powered” and “Powered”
positions at key points in the revolution of the lever. This turns out to be
an extremely difficult task. Another similar mechanisms a reversing
simple lever. In this mechanism, the kite would move the lever from side
to side. The end of the lever attached to the generator shaft would also be
connected to a reversing clutch. This clutch would make sure that the
motion of the generator shaft only moves in one direction. An advantage
of this system is that the lever does not need to completely revolve
around the entire assembly. The angle of attack would change moving
the lever from one side to the next. However, a concern with this system
is that it cannot sweep enough of an arc to have the lever cause any
significant torque upon a gear system. Another possible mechanism
consisted of a two-kite system. The two-kite system involves two kites
that work together to move the shaft of the generator. This can be
accomplished in several ways. Two kites could run the reversing simple
lever mechanism .. Two kites could also be made to move in a circular
motion that could power a generator . The difficulty of the two-kite
system is the added complexity. The kites could move around each other
and twist together. It also becomes more complex to control the motion

Dept. of electronics engineering. 17 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

of the kite. If the two kites aren’t configured properly their motions could
counterbalance each other. There are also several classical mechanisms
that have been used to convert oscillating motion into rotary motion and
vice versa. One of these mechanisms is the pump jack. The pump jack is
the mechanism used to pump oil from oil wells. In the case of the pump
jack, a motor creates a rotary motion the moves the left side of the beam
up and down, causing the right side of the upper beam to move up and
down in an oscillating motion. In the case of our project, the up and
down motion of the kite would move the right side of the pivoting beam
up and down which would then drive the beam that causes the rotary
motion. This rotary motion would then drive the generator. Other
possible mechanisms involve the use of spring systems. This spring
systems would rely on the use of a sprag clutch. A sprag clutch is the
mechanism that allows a ratchet to apply a force in one rotational
direction and not in the opposite direction. An example of a possible
system using a sprag clutch In a sprag clutch system, the kite would pull
the flat rail gear that is positioned to move up and down. When the kite is
put into the power mode, the kite would lift the rail upward, turning the
large round gear and eventually spinning an electrical generator. When
the rail gear reaches a maximum height, the kite is triggered to change
into “depower” mode. Once this happens the kite loses its upward pull
and the spring pulls the kite along with the rail gear back down into the
starting position. As the gear rail moves downward the gear moves back
down but does not affect the gear shaft motion. When the kite reaches the
starting position, the kite is triggered into power mode and the cycle
starts all over again. The last possibility considered was the combination
between the sprag clutch and the large rotating beam found on the pump
jack. The idea is that a kite would be attached to an oscillating balanced
beam. When the kite was in the down position it would increase the
kite’s angle of attack and the beam would be lifted upward by the kites
motion. When then beam reached the top of its arc, a sliding weight
inside the rotating beam would pull the angle of attack control strings
downward, decreasing the kites angle of attack. The weight within the

Dept. of electronics engineering. 18 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

beam would then pull the beam back down to starting position .The
Sprag clutch will come in to play when the beam is in its upward
trajectory. While the beam is moving upward it will be pulling a chain
which is spinning a sprag clutch that in turn leads to a gearbox and
eventually a generator.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 19 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

TYPES OF KITE WIND GENERATORS

1.MULTIPLE UNIT KITES

A multiple unit kite may be made of a single wing, several wings, or

several sub kite units arranged as tmins, chains, coterie, single-branching,
multiple-branching,arch kite, “ladder" mill dynamic kite-chain, or
combinations of these patters. World records for the number of kites in a
kite train are in the literature; teams of people are used to fly kites of
high-count sub-kite units. Parafoil stacks have been built with over 200
kite units.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 20 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

2.MULTIPLE PILOT

Large kite systems may require more than one pilot. In a team like the
“Flying Squad” of nine kite pilots each person might fly his own sub-kite
while, as a team, its kites forma unified display. One pilot may
simultaneously fly several kites; the pilot with several kites forms one
kite system of two, three or more kites in the system.
3.Airplane kites

Large kite planes are finding an application in renewable energy

generation.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 21 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

4. AIR BOURNE MECHANISM

These various formed manned kites were kited behind sow boats over
water. Air Force Lt Col. Bill Skliar in 1959 designed a biplane kite glider
nicknamed Bayou Bind. In 1961, Tom H. Purcell designed and flew an
aluminum-framed Fleep-like Rogallo hang glider kite over land; in 1962,
he kited the same wing while over water. His effort was imaged and
noted inbSkysurfer Magazine in its May/June issue of 1973, published by
EAA inductee Michael Markowski, author of Hang Glider's Bible. The
1962 Mike Burns Ski Plane and 1963 Dickenson wings closely matched
the Purcell, Barry Hill Palmer, and the Charles Richard NASA Paresev
1Bwing minor control sticks derived from the triangle control frame we
reused in each of these kites. These kites, towed high, could stop their
kiting and release into a glide.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 22 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

ADVANTAGES
 Easy to install
 Cost effective
 High power with low input
 Eco friendly
 Operates at significantly higher altitudes above the ground, where
stronger and more constant winds can be found.

DISADVANTAGES
 Completely depends upon wind
 Continues monitoring required
 Prohibited airspace zone is required
 The non aerodynamic forces acring on kite reduces the total usable
power

Dept. of electronics engineering. 23 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

APPLICATIONS

1. TEACHING

The kite is frequently the vehicle for teaching aerodynamics,

mathematics, art, history, culture, materials, cooperation, physical
education, and problem solving.

2. TRANSPORT

Long-distance travel across land, ice, and sea started centuries ago,
but today significant tasks of moving people and goods from point
A to point B are occurring; this is so in great part from the advances
in kites and kite systems designs and technology, better
understanding of winds, and use of computers.In 1889 kite sailing
was carefully instructed via controlling large kite systems towing
boats.
Free-flight cross-country hang gliding kites both in the hang glider
style and the paraglider style are pemitting trips of hundreds of
miles; records are recorded by the FAI. George Pocock was an
early pioneer in kites for transportation. NASA continues to explore
free- flying kites for delivering goods to earth surface and non-earth
planet surfaces, including Mars. There are several projects for using
very large kites to sail cargo ships currently underway: KiteSail(tm)
and KiteShip along with a series of patents and improvements in
control of large ship-carried kite systems aim to save significant
amounts of fuel.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 24 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

3. MILITARY

Kites have been used for military uses in the past for signaling, for
delivery of munitions, for free-flight kiting payloads from aircraft
to ground positions, for kiting troops to points where they could
parachute to destinations Kim Yu-Sin,a Korean general, in 637 C.E.
rallied his troops to defeat rebels by kite lofting a burning ball.Kites
were also used by Admiral Yi of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea.
During the Japanese invasions of Korea , Admiral Yi commanded
his navy with kites. His kites had specific markings directing his
fleet to perform his order. Admiral Yi was said to have over 300
such kites. The war eventually resulted in a Chinese and Korean
victory; the kites played a minor role in the war's conclusion.

4. ENERGY GENERATION
Both air and hydro kites are used to generate electricity; the kite is
set in the stream of air or water; various schemes are used to extract
some of the stream's energy for converting that energy to
electricity. A major research and development project called
Makani Power, based in California and funded by Google.org, is
investigating the use of kites in hamessing high altitude wind
currents to generate electricity. Tidal kites operate underwater,
using the tidal stream's greater mass to generate far more electricity
than available in wind-bome environments.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 25 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

FUTURE SCOPE

 Trading torque for tension

 Pumping
 Changing tacks
 Blowing in the wind
 military

Dept. of electronics engineering. 26 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

CONCLUSION
Current best estimates for this technology, projects a life cycle cost of 0.5
to 1.5 cents per Kilowatt hour compared to traditional wind turbine
which current costs 5 to 12 cents per kilowatt hour. Use of Energy Kites
opens a new world of opportunities in the field of wind power generation
by making complete use of air at high altitude too. If such technology is
implemented on a large scale, the use of power plants that burn out
conventional resources could be decreased to a great extent, thereby
decreasing air pollution. With Energy Kites, when electric power will be
available at cheaper rates, the day of electric cars is not much far. Use of
this clean energy will decrease the rate of global warming significantly.
If more Research is carried out in the field of Energy Kites, the power
generation rate may also be increased to more than 40 KW/m2 of wing
area.

Dept. of electronics engineering. 27 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur

 Seminar report 2020-21 ENERGY KITE

REFERENCE
https://www.seminarsonly.com/electronics/Energy-Kite.php
https://www.slideshare.net/shaikimran65/energy-kite-80928871
https://fdocuments.in/document/energy-kites.html

Dept. of electronics engineering. 28 Govt. polytechnic college Kannur