Unit 1 -What is Psychology?

Grade XI (2023-24)

Learning Objectives

To understand the nature and role of psychology, Behavior and experience. Appreciate the value of
psychology in daily life to help you to understand yourself and others better.

SECTION A
1 Which of the following statements are true about Cognitive Psychology? 1
i. Cognitive Psychology investigates ii. Cognitive Psychology focuses on the
mental processes involved in relationship between behavior and the
acquisition, storage, manipulation, and physical system, including the brain and
transformation of information received the rest of the nervous system, the immune
from the environment along with its system, and genetics.
use and communication.
iii. Cognitive Psychology studies the iv. Cognitive Psychology examines the role of
physical, social and Psychological culture in understanding behavior, thought
changes that occur at different ages and emotion.
and stages over a life-span, from
conception to old age.
a. i b. ii, iii
c. i, iii, iv d. i, ii
2 The formal beginning of modern Psychology is traced back to 1879 when the first 1
experimental laboratory was established in Germany by _____________.
a. William James b. John Watson
c. Carl Rogers d. Wilhelm Wundt
3 Where is National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) situated? 1
a. Bangalore b. Chennai
c. Delhi d. Pune

4 Identify the field where psychologists and neuroscientists are working together 1
a. Developmental Psychology b. Neuropsychology
c. Cognitive Psychology d. Cultural Psychology

5 Which of the following statements correctly describe Industrial Psychologists? 1

i. They deal with workplace behavior, ii. They help the employers in developing
focusing on both the workers and the criteria for selecting employees.
organizations.
iii. They study how people of all ages iv. They examine the role of culture in
learn. understanding human behavior.
Choose the correct option
a. i and iii b. ii and i
c. iii and iv d. ii and iv
6 Who is the founder of Psychoanalysis? 1
a. Abraham Maslow b. Sigmund Freud
c. Carl Rogers d. Wilhelm Wundt

7 Which of the following statements is/are true about Psychiatrists? 1

i. They study the interaction of physical ii. They have a medical degree with years of
factors such as temperature, humidity, specialized training in the treatment of
pollution, and natural disasters on psychological disorders.
human behavior.
iii. They can prescribe medications to iv. They help in developing instructional
patients with psychological disorders. methods in educational settings.
Choose the correct option
a. ii, iii, iv b. ii, iii
c. i, iii, iv d. ii

8 Which of the following is/are true about William James? 1

i He developed functionalist approach to ii He established a psychological
study human mind. laboratory in Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
iii He was a German Psychologist. iv He used the method of
‘Introspection’.
a. Only (i) is true b. (i) and (ii) are true
c. Only (iii) is true d. (ii) and (iv) are true

9 Which of the following Psychologists is associated with humanistic perspective in 1

psychology?
a. Carl Rogers b. John Watson
c. Bandura d. Pavlov

10 Gestalt psychology was born in which country? 1

a. America b. Germany
c. Poland d. Switzerlan

11 Which of the following psychologists developed ‘Client-centered therapy’? 1

a. William James b. John Watson
c. Sigmund Freud d. Carl Rogers

12 Piaget’s view of child development is considered a __________________ theory of 1

development of the mind.
a. Individualist b. Humanistic
c. Constructivist d. Structuralistic
13 Who is the author of the book “Psychology in a third world country: The Indian 1
experience”?
a. Durganand Sinha b. N. N. Sengupta
c. G. Bose d. Baqer Mehdi
14 ______________ Psychology provides us with theories and principles that form the 1
basis of application of Psychology.
a. Applied b. Basic
c. Practical d. Applicable

15 Sam is a 10-year-old overactive child. His teachers always complain about his 1
overactivity and impulsivity. His parents suspect that he might be suffering from ADHD.
Which of the following psychologists will be most suitable to consult in this case?
a. Community psychologist b. Counselling psychologist
c. Clinical psychologist d. Organizational psychologist

16 Community psychologists will be involved in which of the following activities? 1

a. Dealing with the problems of employees b. Helping to establish a mental
and employers in an organization. health center in rural areas.
c. Formulating school policies. d. Dealing with the motivational
problems of students.

17 In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of 1

Reason (R). Mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A): Experiences are subjective in nature.
Reason (R): We can not directly observer or know someone else’s experience.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason
true, and Reason (R) is the correct (R) are true, but Reason (R) is
explanation of Assertion (A). not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is d. Assertion (A) is false, but
false Reason (R) is true

18 In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of 1

Reason (R). Mark the correct choice.
Assertion (A): Cognition is the process of knowing.
Reason (R): Cognitive psychologists focused on the organization of perceptual
experiences.
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are b. Both Assertion (A) and
true, and Reason (R) is the correct Reason (R) are true, but
explanation of Assertion (A). Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is d. Assertion (A) is false, but
false
 Reason (R) is true

SECTION B
19 What do you understand by the terms ‘Stimulus’ and ‘Response’? 2

20 Discuss the work areas of Organizational psychologists. 2

21 It is said that all human behaviors are triggered by some stimulus in the environment or 2
changes that happen internally. Differentiate between overt and covert behaviors with the
help of examples.
22 How is basic psychology different from applied psychology? 2

23 What is ‘Constructivism’? 2

SECTION C
24 ‘Psychology is a social science’. Give reasons. 3
25 Name and explain any three schools of psychology. 3
26 What is the relevance of psychology in the field of Law and Criminology? 3
27 Discuss the role of psychology in the field of medicine. 3

SECTION D
28 Discuss the development of psychology in India. 4
29 Discuss the four phases of modern Psychology in India as described by Durganand 4
Sinha in his book “Psychology in a third world country: The Indian experience”.

30 Discuss the relationship between mind and behavior. 4

31 ‘Common sense explanation of human behavior is based on hindsight’. Discuss. 4

SECTION E
32 Various fields of specialization in psychology have emerged over the years. Discuss any 6
four branches of psychology in detail.

SECTION F
Psychology is not just limited to mental disorders, counseling, and therapy sessions; it is
much more than that. The role of psychology comes into play right from the moment you
wake up in the morning till you sleep at night. From just communicating with others to
taking life’s toughest decisions, psychology finds its applications in almost all aspects of
our everyday life. Motivation is the most important psychological aspect that plays a
crucial role in achieving our goals. While doing any task in your daily life, if you are not
motivated enough, then you won’t be able to give your best. However, if you are
motivated for the task, then you will put in your best efforts, and the results obtained
would also be great. Different psychological tricks like self-talk, maintaining a task list,
 and rewarding yourself after achieving the goals are used to keep the motivational level
up. We know the danger of drinking, smoking, and various other drugs on our health, yet
people get addicted to them, and they find it very difficult to get rid of these injurious
substances. Here, psychology comes to the rescue. Many psychological studies on
addiction reveal that the main cause of addiction is the stress factor. Drug-Rehabilitation
centers use various psychological techniques like counseling, therapies, and mindfulness
practices that relax the patient’s mind and make it easier for them to get rid of drugs. You
must have heard about the famous quote ‘Laughter is the best medicine,’ psychology also
says the same, whenever you feel low, just smile widely as it gives positive signals to
your brain, and you start feeling happier.
33 How is the knowledge of psychology personally relevant to us in our day-to-day life? 2
34 ‘Healthy body requires a healthy mind’. Discuss. 2

The evolution of psychology was an outcome of ancient philosophy. It later varied with
the development of different approaches of psychological study. The formal beginning of
modern psychology took place in 1879 with the establishment of an experimental
laboratory in Leipzig by Wilhelm Wundt. The initial approach to study psychology was
based on introspection or structuralism in which the individuals were asked to describe
their experiences. It was followed by functionalism that studied the working of the mind
and the impact of behavior upon people’s interaction with their environment. Gestalt
psychology emerged as a reaction to structuralism in the early 20th century and focused
on the organization of the perceptual experiences. Another reaction was the development
of behaviorism that studied behavior or responses in a measurable and objective form.
This was followed by psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud that viewed human behavior as a
dynamic manifestation of unconscious desires, conflicts and their gratification. In
contrast, the humanistic perspective emphasized the free will of human beings and their
natural striving to grow and unfold their inner potential. Further, Cognitive perspective
was a combination of Gestalt approach and structuralism and focused on how an
individual perceived the world. Later, Constructivism viewed human beings as actively
constructing their minds through the exploration of physical and the social world. It was
followed by Vygotsky’s view that human mind develops through social and cultural
processes in which the mind is perceived as culturally constructed by joint interaction
between children and adults. Therefore, the evolution of psychology passed through
various stages and levels. Starting from the roots of philosophy, it took a new direction
and included numerous theories of structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism,
constructivism, etc. However, in contemporary era the discipline of psychology has grown
into a scientific discipline, which deals with various processes underlying human
experiences and behaviors.

35 How did the structuralists analyze the building blocks of mind? 2

36 Who was John Watson? How did he define psychology? 2

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