Islamic University, Bangladesh

Department of Marketing

Course Name: Management Information Systems

Course Code: MKT-414

Assignment on Office Automation

Course Teacher: Md. Sadiqul Azad

Assistant Professor
Department of Marketing

Group-05
List of Group Members

SL ID NAME EMAIL
1 B1725006 Md. Mominul Islam aniki9491@gmail.com

2 B1725012 Ashraf Amin neemafaarhsa@gmail.com

3 B1725013 Mukit Hasan Meem hasaneem6773@gmail.com

4 S1725022 Faisal Arman faisal.armanar@gmail.com

5 K1725040 Tanjum Islam Kotha tanzumislamkotha@gmail.com

6 R1725071 Md. Asaduzzaman adrazan7@gmail.com

7 R1725073 Md. Ahasanul Islam ahasanulsakib21@gmail.com

Date of Submission: 20.06.2022

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary 2

Office Automation System (OAS) 2

Purpose of Office Automation System 2

Advantages of Office Automation Systems 3

Disadvantages of Office Automation Systems 4

The Virtual Corporation 5

Office Automation tools 6

Types of Office Automation System 8

The Difference between Workgroup Computing & Workflow Computing 19

Conclusion 20
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Executive Summary

Office automation is a matter of direct interest to the chief executive, and to line managers at every level; they cannot
afford to leave it exclusively in the hands of administrators or other specialists. Success or otherwise in the approach
to the automated office will not simply affect office overhead costs; it will affect every process of management; the
information available to support decisions; the analysis of choices; how decisions and other information are
communicated to staffs; how results are tracked and evaluated; even the analysis and refinement of the decision
process itself.

Office Automation System (OAS)

Office automation systems (OAS) are systems that are designed to increase the productivity of clerical workers and
knowledge workers and enhance communication in the workplace. Example: OAS are word processing, desktop
publishing, voice mail, e-mail, videoconferencing, and multimedia systems.

Office automation systems (OAS), also referred to as office information systems are computer-based information
systems whose primary purpose is to facilitate oral and written communication. Such a system is a set of tools that
gather, process, store, retrieve, and disseminate information between individual workers, team of workers, and
business entities, both inside and outside the organization. Office Automation Systems (OAS) are configurations of
networked computer hardware and software. A variety of office automation systems are now applied to business and
communication functions that used to be performed manually or in multiple locations of a company, such as preparing
written communications and strategic planning. In addition, functions that once required coordinating the expertise of
outside specialists in typesetting, printing, or electronic recording can now be integrated into the everyday work of an
organization, saving both time and money. In today’s digital age, office automation systems offer an array of benefits for
organizations of every size. Powerful office automation systems reduce manual effort and store a large amount of data in
little space. They not only streamline day-to-day tasks but also speed up information retrieval. Additionally, these
tools improve process visibility and help businesses spot bottlenecks easily. On the other hand, we could be watching data
flow around on its own that’s automation.

Purpose of Office Automation System

The main objective of process automation is to improve a company's workflows. With automation, we can reduce
costs, time, and waste as well as increase productivity, reduce mistakes, and control all the processes of the business
in real time. We can replace manual activities with automated ones or reuse the software and systems to support
numerous other tasks.
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Advantages of Office Automation Systems

1. Manipulation and storage of data:

Storage of data means saving all confidential and important documents and records related to the office. The office
automation system also consists of handling data applications that are used for handling and creating documents,
images, spreadsheets, and files. Several kinds of word processing, as well as desktop presentation packages, are
present which will allow in creating or even editing any data. At the same time, we can also find a few dedicated
applications which are needed for images as well as spreadsheets.

2. Management of data:

Data management happens to be one of the best and biggest advantages that come with office automation systems. It
offers several facilities such as managing data and information that is sorted. Big business organizations can monitor
and even handle projects and activities that are big inside the office by using an electronic management system. The
program schedulers, tickler systems as well as the reminder systems happen to be some of the main features that will
boost and empower our business and help us finish work without hassle.

3. Exchanging data:

Exchanging data that is stored or even manipulated happens to be quite an essential component of the office
automation system. It will help in sending files, exchanging any information or data and use the method of electronic
transfer application whenever the need arises. Throughout the network connection, all information as well as data
which includes presentations, text documents and spreadsheets could be sent within a couple of seconds only. By
illustrating the nature of these office automation systems, it will allow the employees to handle real-time and boost
productivity at the same time.

4. More accuracy:

The office automation system also guarantees more efficiency than any other machine. Once all bugs removed from
the program or the application, it could help us get more accuracy in our daily businesses. The programs used in this
are far more effective and reliable and people who have made this in real. It also implements an advanced business
automation software which also reduces any signs of errors.
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5. Saves more time and even more resources:

The office automation system will empower all businesses to all time and money. It will simplify all the complex
tasks, help in getting a more dedicated and proper resource and will also lead to a much bigger amount with time. An
example can use to explain this. When we introduce much bigger and better computer technologies along with
communications, businesses nowadays are not restricted to any geographical limitations. It can help in saving both
money and time and the costs that people usually spend on traveling. The digital storage is also an essential feature
that will reduce the need for preserving all hard copies.

6. Reduces all costs:

Since most business processes now automated, we don’t have to invest that much on hiring any new resources or even
taking care of any of these tasks which can be executed easily by using the system of office automation. Like we all
know, time saved is equal to money saved and the business enterprise could also save a lot by automating several
business processes. By saving the entire expenditure as well as investment on other resources, the profit margins shall
see an improvement.

Disadvantages of Office Automation Systems

Office automation systems are quite expensive when we first begin to invest in the office automation software as well
as equipment. A professional office suite or machine which can do so many things such as scanning, binding
documents and duplicating them has to cost we some money. Employers who have worked for years might not use
this function. They are aware of the old and manual methods which are difficult to adjust. This may also need some
time-consuming training. In any case, if the automation system doesn’t function all that well, power will be
interrupted. We will not be able to find any manual method regularly and that could add more to the disadvantage. It
will help we to try out the office automation system in a temporary manner without any hassle. It should help we
understand office automation as well.
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The Virtual Corporation

A firm whose employers and employees are not limited by a physical work environment, but instead use
communications technology to work from anywhere and at any time. For example, Amazon.com and eBay are both
cited as examples of popular online organizations. These companies usually participate in some form of virtual
corporation to distribute or produce their products and services, but they are not part of a partnering network.

How does the virtual organization work?

Virtual organizations are composed of employees spread across different locations who perform different jobs and may
also have different cultural identities. These dispersed and diverse employees are joined together by communication
technologies such as the telephone, fax, e-mail, Internet, and instant messaging.

The Four Common Challenges of Virtual Corporation

1.Poor Communication

Many digital tools help remote teams stay connected; but these tools can lack the personalization of face-to-face
interaction. Text-based communication, such as email and text messages, lacks body language, tone, and other subtle
nonverbal cues that workers receive from the in-person conversation, increasing the likelihood of misinterpretation.
Team members may be more reserved on digital channels and less likely to participate in meetings or reply to emails
if working remotely.

2. Delegation Issues

Communication failures also confuse staff responsibilities. Leaders must delegate assignments, being careful to avoid
misinterpretation and inference. Confusion over who’s doing what and when risks upsetting team unity. Leaders also
must avoid the temptation to micromanage their virtual teams, knowing when to take a hands-off approach and trust
their employees. They must balance the need to set clear expectations and trust that they’ll be met.

3. Work Ethic Differences

May ignore requests or delay responses in a virtual setting. If employees perceive that coworker aren’t putting in as
much effort as them, it can cause distrust, disrupting the team and derailing projects. Team leaders must remain
vigilant in assessing team members’ work and providing ongoing feedback to address problems.
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4. Lack of Personal Connection

Remote workers can often feel isolated, that can create a degrading effect on team unity. A lack of face-to-face
contact may lead to lower team cohesion and a lack of rapport between team members. Spontaneous, informal
communication, chatting over coffee or in a hallway, has shown to reduce conflict. However, it is hard to replicate in
a virtual setting.

Office Automation tools

Office automation applies a variety of tools & technologies to increase office productivity. The tools in the automated
office have made and continue to make substantial changes in the conduct of many standard office functions. Office
automation tools include electronic publishing and processing systems and group communication systems. Electronic
publishing and processing systems facilitate written and voice communication, while electronic meeting systems focus
primarily on communication within groups. An office automation system tools that enables data to move from one
system to another on its own without human intervention and inaccuracies. These tools help organizations collect,
manage, and analyze securely to accomplish everyday tasks and processes. These systems include word processing,
desktop publishing, imaging, mail, fax, voice mail, audio conferencing, video conferencing.
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The various kind of office automation tools and the equipment needed to support these tools:

Tools Type of Technology Description

data
Word Written Computer, Printer, Programs that make it easy to create
Processing MS word and alter documents.

Desktop Written High resolution Programs with extensive word processing

publishing computer, printer and graphic capabilities.

Imaging Written, Scanner, optical Imaging converts paper, microfilm,

Graphic disks, workstation microfiche, and electronic data into
digital images that can be printed,
faxed, or viewed on a computer screen

E-mail Written Computer, network Programs that allow individuals, who are
linked through a network, to electronically
communicate with each other, any time,
anywhere in the world.

Fax Written Fax machine, Uses telephone lines to transmit

telephone documents.

Groupware Oral, A multitude of tools A broad term given to communication

Written, are used in tools such as E-mail, voice, fax, and
Visual groupware. The videoconferencing, that foster group
nature of the tool decision making.
depends on the kind
of application
Multimedia Written Multimedia A computer-based tool that uses a
computer, printer Multimedia computer
graphical and interactive interface and
and- printer
combines two or more media types,
such as text, graphics, animation, audio,
and video. Today, many computers have
multimedia capabilities which include a
sound card and a video card.
Voice Mail Oral Telephone, server, The sender's voice message is processed by
network a modem and stored in a server at the
Telephone, server, network
receiver's end. When the receiver is ready
to receive the message, the digitized message
is retrieved from the server and reconverted
into analog signals.

Video Oral, Telephone, television, A type of electronic meeting system that uses
Conferencin Visual network telephone, television, computers and
g Telephone, television,
network
communication links to allow geographically
separated decision makers to hear and see.
each other.
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Types of Office Automation System

There are many kinds of types in office automation system. It can be broadly divided into categories. They are-

1. Electronic Publishing and Processing System

• Word Processing
• Desktop Publishing
• Document Management System (Multimedia, Imaging)
2. Communication System
• E-mail
• Fax
• Voice Mail
3. Electronic Meeting Systems
• Audio Conferencing
• Video Conferencing
• Groupware
Now, I am going to describe about the topic “Electronic Publishing and Processing Systems”.

Electronic Publishing and Processing Systems

Electronic publishing and processing systems, which facilitate written and voice communication. These systems include word
processing and desktop publishing, document management systems (multimedia and imaging), and also include e-mail, fax, and
voice mail.

Word Processing refers to the act of using a computer to create, edit, save and print documents. In order to perform word
processing, specialized software (known as a Word Processor) is needed. One example of a Word Processor is Microsoft Word,
but other word processing applications are also widely used. Desktop publishing is the production of printed materials such
as newspapers and magazines using a desktop computer and a laser printer, rather than using conventional printing method.
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The vital topic is Document Management Systems (DMS) are computer-based tools that provide access to repositories of data,
regardless of their form (text, graphics, or images) or location. The retrieved documents can be displayed in a wide variety of
formats, edited, distributed, and integrated using other communication systems, such as word processing and desktop publishing.
Such systems allow knowledge workers to better control, coordinate, and manage the myriad electronic documents used in
decision making. It is a system used to receive, track, manage and store documents and reduce paper. The common
components of document management include:

• Storage: Provide a centralized location for documents that’s easy for authorized parties to access and
search.
• Annotations: Add notes or comments to a document without needing to edit the document itself.
• Check-in and check-out: Ensure that changes to documents by different users don’t overwrite each
other, with a system that only allows for one party to make edits at a time.
• Version control: Track and record changes in real time so that with each new version of the document,
you can view the edit history and roll back to a previous version if needed.
• Audit trails: Support your compliance initiatives by enabling authorized users to view a log of who has
viewed or edited your documents, and when.
• Security and access control: Do everything possible to ensure access to documents is limited only to
authorized parties. This is especially important in highly regulated industries.

Documents Management Systems or DMS have some benefits, such as-

• Increase transparency across the enterprise.

• Quickly search through multiple documents.
• Securely share content internally and externally.
• Foster employee and organizational collaboration.
• Keep track of major revisions.
• Protect sensitive information.

For example, PDF Readers are the best example of a Document Management System through which you can access the PDF file
offline and store it to view and even print and publish it anytime at any place.

Two popular types of document management systems are Multimedia and Imaging.
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Multimedia is an interactive system that combines several types of media, such as text, graphics, animation, audio and video.
Most Multimedia applications require a sound card, a video card, and a CD-ROM drive. It encompasses a group of computer-

based technologies that integrate different types of media, such as text, graphics, audio etc to generate information. Multimedia is
made possible by integrating audio and video capabilities into personal computers. Multimedia is very useful in corporate training
and business presentations. The integration of different forms of media often helps to capture and retain the attention of trainees.
Further, the company has found that a multimedia system sometimes costs less than a single traditional program. There are a
number of fields where multimedia could be of use, such as- education, business, entertainment, home, public places.

Imaging is a type of document management system that converts paper, micro-film, micro-fiche, and electronic data into
digitized images that can be printed, faxed, or viewed on a computer screen. Or imaging digitizes documents-that is, it converts
paper, microfilm, microfiche, and electronic documents into digital form so that the original documents can be discarded. Thus,
instead of taking up space in cabinets and storehouses, all the necessary information is stored in digital form. An imaging system
consists of scanners that digitize the images, workstations, or PCs for processing the images, imaging software, and high-capacity
storage devices, such as optical disks. For example, one kind of imaging software that is essential for most applications is the
index server, which keeps an index of all documents in the system for easy retrieval. Therefore, when a document is digitized, it is
immediately indexed according to its name, its date, and any other relevant criteria.
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Communication Systems

The process of transmission and reception of information is called communication. Communication systems is a
collection of individual telecommunications networks which facilitates the information exchange between two points
which are sender and receiver.

E-mail (Electronic Mail)

From an esoteric technology E-mail has changed into one that is considered essential to workplace
communication. People from workplaces have grown to depend on E-mail for quick and reliable communication with
people and organizations around the world.

Email is a system that allows people who are linked through a network to electronically communicate with each other,
in written form, at any time, from anywhere in the world with the use of computers, internet and an E-mail service
provider. Modern E-mail can also transfer Images, documents, Audio files and videos as attachments.

Gmail, Yahoo! Mail and AOL are among the most popular E-mail service providers. However, most businesses use
their own E-mail service.

How E-mail works

A user sends an electronic message over a network, the message is stored in the electronic mailbox of the receiver. The
electronic mailbox is usually a file on a server, the messages in it can be retrieved when the recipient is ready to receive
them. Users can also edit, sort, save, and classify messages and forward them to other individuals on the network.
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Pros of using E-mail in workplaces

1. Email offers immediate reach to information and communication between the various members of the organization
such as employees, suppliers and retailers.
2. It allows organizations to be responsive to customer needs.

Cons of using E-mail in workplaces

1. Email is less secure, even with security programs and software it is often susceptible to hacking.
2. Email is susceptible to Spamming. Spamming is the use of messaging systems to send multiple unsolicited messages
to large numbers of recipients for the purpose of commercial advertising, for the purpose of non-commercial
proselytizing, for any prohibited purpose, or simply repeatedly sending the same message to the same user.
3. Email lacks personal attention sometimes. For this reason, keep from using it to share unpleasant news, which is
often better done in person. This way you can communicate with empathy, compassion and attention and immediately
gauge a person's reaction. For other important business matters, email can lack a level of personal importance. For
example, a handwritten note to thank a potential employer for an interview shows a level of respect and attentiveness
than email sometimes cannot.

IMs (Instant Messaging)

Instant messaging technology is a type of online chat allowing real-time text transmission over the Internet or another
computer network.
Some commonly used IM services are iMessage, Google messages, WhatsApp and Messenger.
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How Instant Messaging works

User sends an IM message to another user or a group of users, the phone sends the message to the IMSC (Instant
Messaging Service Centre). The IMSC stores the message and delivers it to the destination user when they are available.

Pros of using Instant Messaging

1. Real-time updates on necessary information
2. Instant feedback from team members
3. Fewer opportunities for miscommunication
4. The conversations employees have using IM incorporate informal interactions. Which is lacking in E-mail as
mentioned earlier.

Cons of instant messaging

1. Some employees could spend hours each day using instant messenger, gossiping or generally wasting time while
looking to the world like they are actually busy, doing work, which can affect productivity.
2. Cannot be controlled by management.
Fax
Fax, or facsimile transmission, is another type of electronic publishing and processing system. Fax technology uses
telephones, modems, and scanners to transmit text and graphics to individuals and organizations all over the world who
have access to telephones.
A computer is not required to send a fax, all that is needed is a fax machine at either end of a telephone connection.

How Fax works

Fax, sometimes viewed as a "long-distance copier'. The idea itself is very simple and elegant. A scanner in the fax
machine scans the document at one end and a built-in modem sends it to the fax machine at the other end, a build-in
modem receives the message, a scanner scans the document, and a printer prints it.
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Pros of using Fax

1. Security: Unlike computers and emails, fax machines have very less chances of getting hacked. Protecting sensitive
information.

2. User Friendliness: Sending or receiving a document through fax machines are quite easy and takes very little effort
to learn.

Cons of using Fax

1. Portability: Fax machines lacks on the side of portability. This is mainly due to their size and requirement of a landline
connection.
2. It is compulsory to have a landline phone number for operating a fax machine. They completely rely on landline
numbers for transmitting fax documents. In case if the telephone system is down, then there will be problems operating
the fax machine.

Voice mail
Voice mail is an electronic communication system in which spoken messages are recorded or digitized and stored for
later playback to the intended recipient.

How voice mail works

The sender dictates a message over the telephone. A special device, called a codec, converts the analog signal of the
sender's voice into a digitized message. (Unlike a modem, which transmits over analog lines, a codec converts analog
video images and sound waves into digital signals, compress them, and transmit them over digital lines.) The message
is transmitted over the network and stored in a server at the receiver's end. A blinking light on the receiver's phone
indicates that he or she has a voice message. When the receiver chooses, the digitized message is retrieved from the
server, reconverted into analog form, using a codec at the receiver's end, and the receiver receives it over the phone.

Pros of Using Voice mail

1. It ensures that a message reaches the right party even when that party is not available.
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2. Some voice mail systems can send the same message to several people, reroute a message to another phone.
3. Save messages for future reference, and retrieve messages from any tele phone, anywhere in the world.
4. In some systems, users need a password to access voice messages, making voice mail a secure medium for
confidential messages.

Cons of using Voicemail

1. Inconvenient to record or listen to in public places.
2. Language difference between sender and receiver
3. Requires additional cost in form of service charges.

Electronic Meeting System

An electronic meeting system (EMS) is software intended to provoke problem-solving and decision-making within a
group. Standard features of electronic meeting systems include electronic brainstorming, parallel processing, discussion
tools, and voting. The unique features of an EMS overcome the limitations of traditional face-to-face meetings such as
lack of participation, criticism, and domination of the proceedings by only a few members.

An e-meeting is any meeting that takes place online. Electronic meeting systems (EMS) can provide the software
platform to facilitate e-meetings, enabling greater participation from workers who may be far-flung geographically or
reticent to participate in a traditional company meeting. It is computer-based technology that provides effective tools to
generate more productive meetings.

Understanding Electronic Meeting Systems

Electronic meeting systems (EMS) are distinct from web or video conferencing meeting systems, though both have
some features in common and complement each other in the modern workplace. An EMS offers many advantages to
organizations and users, such as a reduction in travel costs, increased participation, due to the anonymity the system
offers, fewer disruptions compared to meeting in a busy office, and better participant availability.

These advantages more than offset the major drawback of such systems, which is a lack of personal contact and human
interaction. There are clear advantages to being able to read body language and make eye contact when communicating
with other people. An EMS typically blocks or at least limits this type of interaction. One other drawback to an EMS is
the risk of technological or electronic interruptions, should the digital connectivity become unstable or even give out.
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Key Takeaways

• An electronic meeting system (EMS) is a software platform that provides a digital meeting space for group
collaboration, problem-solving, and providing anonymous feedback, among other features.
• Electronic meeting systems help companies by cutting down on travel costs and by making participation easier
because everything's anonymous and accessible from wherever the worker is located.
• An EMS can never replace the personal contact that a more traditional meeting might facilitate; an EMS is also
vulnerable if a facility is having connectivity issues, which would make communicating online difficult.

Example of Electronic Meeting Systems

An EMS can be designed for limited or specific purposes such as training and sales presentations. An example of
potential use for an EMS would be when a company plans to launch a new product and wants to test the potential appeal
among employees who have the background and knowledge to be objective about the proposed offering. Using an
electronic meeting system, participants can share opinions and criticism free of potential conflicts and groupthink that
might otherwise affect responses.

Let’s suppose that one is part of a team of ten people who are working on a project. Every member works for the same
multinational, which has offices all over the world. The leader work in Dhaka office and so do two other team members.
The others work in Rajshahi, Chittagong. One team member works in London office.

If the leader needs to get everybody together to discuss an important matter, getting everybody on airplanes and meetings
would be very expensive. Therefore, the leader can call an e meeting through Skype, Zoom or Microsoft Teams.

Types of E-Meeting

1. Audio Conferencing:

Audio conferencing allows two or more people who are geographically separated to communicate over the phone.

Telephone conversations usually are one-to-one.

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For example, if a design manager in Delhi wants to communicate with a group of production managers in Mumbai it
would not be possible to do this over the telephone; however, it can be done using audio conferencing. Audio
conferencing is ideal for managing small to medium sized projects. It is most useful with groups of 5 to 15 people.

2. Video Conferencing:

Video conferencing is a type of electronic meeting system that uses telephones, TV monitors, computers and networks
to link geographically separated decision makers. Sophisticated large scale video conferencing may require specially
equipped video conference rooms with facilities for computers, video cameras, microphones, and monitors.

A computer digitized sound and video images than converts them to analog signals and transmits them over the
telephone lines to the receiver’s computer which reconverts the analog signals to digital signals. These are then
translated into audio and video messages and presented on the television monitor and sound system.

These are following three basic types of video conferencing:

• One-way video with one-way audio system.

• One-way video with two-way audio system.
• Two-way video with two-way audio system.

(a) One way video with one-way audio system: In one-way video with one-way audio, the signals are sent in only one
direction. This type of system is adequate in situations that require only the dissemination of information without any
response from the recipients. For example, if the CEO of a company wants to introduce the human resource manager to
all the employees in the organization, a one-way system is adequate.

(b) One way video with two-way audio system: In one way video with two-way audio, members who are geographically
separated can hear each other, but only one party can be seen by the others. A good example is televised course. Both
the teacher and the students can hear each other, but the teacher cannot see the students, although all the students can
see the teacher.
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(c)One way video with two-way audio system: In two-way video with two-way audio, all the parties can see and hear
each other. A top management group that is planning a downsizing strategy might use this type of system.

3. Groupware:

Groupware is a class of computer software that helps members of a group work better together. Groupware makes it
possible for group members to easily share information and to use that information to more easily support working
together. Groupware allows group members to communicate clearly with each other, to coordinate their work, and to
collaborate with each other. Communication involves sharing information. Coordination involves managing the task
the group is working on and the process of completing the task. Collaboration involves the actual process of working
together, where sharing information evolves into sharing ideas and producing solutions. As more than one person is
involved in group work, groupware requires some type of shared computing platform to work effectively. It is
important to remember that groupware tools are designed for multiple people to use. They are not single user tools.

Benefits of E-Meeting:

▪ Safe travel cost.

▪ Less pressure to conform to senior group.
▪ Remove bias personality.
▪ EMS enfaces participation produces faster decisions.
▪ More participants, more idea.
▪ Appropriateness when distance, time zones, organizational or social different, when existing group has less
opportunity.

Challenges

▪ Managing people, we have never met can be challenging.

▪ Poor connection speed and breakdown.
▪ Lack of technical abilities.
▪ Many technical tools are needed.
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The Difference between Workgroup Computing & Workflow Computing

Work group:

Work group is a group of people working together on a particular task by sharing information through computer network

Work group computing:

The process of sharing information by using a computer network is called work group computing. It can also be called
collaborative computing.

Advantages of a work group computing:

Usually designed for small local area networks such as schools, homes or small businesses. Easy to install and configure.

▪ Function best and with fewer computers.

▪ It is easier to set up and configure than a domain.
▪ All content and resources can be shared with peers in the network.

Disadvantages of workgroup computing:

▪ The security measures provided in a workgroup are not as strong as those for a domain.
▪ Workgroups are not suggested for sensitive data, transmitting networks, nor business network.
▪ There is no centralized management of the resources unlike the domain network.

Work flow computing:

A work flow is different as a sequence of task that process data thorough a specific path, they can be used to structure
any kind of business function regardless of industry. Essentially any time data is patched between human and systems
a work flow is created. Three basic components are

1. Input
2. Transformation
3. Output

Advantages of work flow computing:

▪ Workflows can help streamline and automate repeatable business tasks.

▪ Minimizing room for errors and increasing overall efficiency.

This, in turn, dramatically improves your business. Managers can make quicker, smarter decisions and employees are
empowered to collaborate in a more productive and agile way.
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Disadvantages of work flow computing:

▪ Job Uncertainty
▪ Loss of human touch

Conclusion

An office automation system doesn’t consist of just going paperless. For example, maintaining all work product and
client correspondence in a document management system. Yet, an office automation system offers organizations
much more than going green by cutting down on paper. It is a powerful tool that can be used to eliminate manual
processes, identify inefficient workflows, and facilitate informed decision-making.