RAJSHAHI UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLGY (RUET)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE N0: ME 4222

COURSE TITLE: MACHINE TOOLS SESSIONAL

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO

Name : M.M. Golam Azom Md. Sanowar Hossain

Roll: 1602037
Class: 4th Year Even semester
Lecturer
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Rajshahi University of Engineering and
Technology (RUET), Rajshahi.
Experiment No: 03
Name of the Experiment: Study of a shaper machine and to make a slot.

Introduction:
The shaper is one of the most important machines in any work shop. The work
piece is clamped to the table, usually in a vise. The cutting tool and the table can
move vertically (up or down). The table moves longitudinally (back and forth)
under the cutting tool. The ram pushes the cutting tool across the work piece on
power stroke. Many types of work may be machined on a shaper, depending upon
the tools used and the manner of adjusting the various parts of the machine.

Objectives:
1. To study the shaper machine.
2. To know the working principle of shaper machine.
3. To make a slot.
4. To know about Ratchet Mechanism and Quick return mechanism.

Main parts of a shaper:

1. The base
2. The frame
3. The ram
4. The tool head
5. The table
Working principle:
The shaper machine changes rotary motion from the motor to back and
forth motion (reciprocating motion) of the ram. This is done as follows-
The motor delivers power to a pulley which is attached to a small gear
called a pinion. This pinion turns a large bull gear. Attached to the bull gear is a
slide in which a block slides back and forth. From the base to the ram is a long
connecting link. This link is attached to the block that moves in the slide. When
the bull gear revolves, the block is forced to move up and down and around. This
in turn forces the connecting link to swing back and forth in an arc. This forces
the ram to move back and forth. It takes about 1.5 times as long for the ram to
move out (the power stroke) as it does to move in (the return stroke). The position
of the block in the slide determines the length of the stroke.
Power transmission of shaper machine:

Quick return mechanism:

In the shaper machine, a quick return motion mechanism converts circular
motion into reciprocating motion, allowing the slider to move forward and
backward. The cutting process occurs in the forward motion, but there is no
corresponding cutting in the reverse direction. A quick return mechanism is a
device that generates a reciprocating motion in which the return stroke takes less
time than the forward stroke. It uses a system of links with three turning pairs and
a sliding pair to be driven by a circular motion source (usually a motor of some
sort). With an offset crank, a quick-return mechanism is a subclass of a slider-
crank linkage.
Ratchet mechanism:
A ratchet consists of a round gear or a linear rack with teeth, and a
pivoting, spring-loaded finger called a pawl that engages the teeth. The teeth are
uniform but asymmetrical, with each tooth having a moderate slope on one edge
and a much steeper slope on the other edge.
When the teeth are moving in the unrestricted (i.e. forward) direction, the
pawl easily slides up and over the gently sloped edges of the teeth, with a spring
forcing it (often with an audible 'click') into the depression between the teeth as
it passes the tip of each tooth. When the teeth move in the opposite (backward)
direction, however, the pawl will catch against the steeply sloped edge of the first
tooth it encounters, thereby locking it against the tooth and preventing any further
motion in that direction.
Slot cutting:
Apparatus:
1. V-shaped cutting
2. Square shaped cutting tool.
3. Wrench
4. Slide Caliper
5. Hammer.
6. Punch

Working Procedure:
1. At first a piece of mild steel rod was taken to make a slot.
2. The piece was placed in the shaper machine to the vice horizontally.
3. The V-shaped cutting tool was fastened with the tool post with the wrench
& hammer.
4. The machine was started & the metal of the upper portion was removed.
5. Then the piece was released from the shaper machine & by the punch the
mild steel rod was centered.
6. From the upper side the measurement was 1/8 " & the width of the slot was
1/4".
7. The piece was fastened again & the square shaped cutting tool was fastened
to the tool post.
8. By the square shaped cutting tool, the entire square slot was made.
9. Then the job was submitted to the shop.
Safety of a shaper machine:
1. The job must be clamped tightly.
2. The length of stroke and the position of the ram must be correctly set before
starting the machine to make the slot.
3. Check the speed control levers before starting.
4. Always wear safety glasses.
5. Make no adjustments until the machine is shut off and comes to a dead
stop.
Conclusion:
In spite of having some limitations of our own, we performed this operation
successfully and we hope it will help in our future life.